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Lactobacillus fermentum LAB 9-fermented soymilk with enriched isoflavones and antioxidants improved memory in vivo

Mohamad Fakri E, Lim S, Musa N, Hazizul Hasan M, Adam A, Ramasamy K

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1289-1297.

This study examined lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented soymilk for their ability in hydrolyzing glucosides to aglycones
and corresponding antioxidant capacity and memory enhancing effect. Twelve LAB isolated from Malaysian fermented food
and milk products were incubated in commercially available soymilk for 48 h. Generally, soymilk supported LAB growth
and significantly increased (p<0.05) conversion to bioactive aglycone by 2.1-6.5 fold when compared to unfermented
soymilk. Lactobacillus fermentum LAB 9- fermented soymilk, in particular, was presented with increased total phenolic
content (+10%) as opposed to unfermented soymilk. Lactobacilli (LAB 10-12)- and pediococci (LAB 5)-fermented soymilk
elicited maximal DPPH radical-scavenging activity. LAB 1, 7, 8, 9 and 12 exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) ferrous
ion chelating activity when compared to control. Interestingly, LAB 9 had significantly improved memory deficit (p<0.05)
in LPS-challenged mice. LAB-enriched nutritional value of soymilk could be useful against oxidative stress and memory
deficit.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory Disorders
Biosensing human blood clotting factor by dual probes: Evaluation by deep long short-term memory networks in time series forecasting

Gopinath SCB, Ismail ZH, Shapiai MI, Sobran NMM

Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2021 Apr 09.
PMID: 33835514 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2164

Artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) has become a potential tool for use in a wide range of fields, and its use is expanding in interdisciplinary sciences. On the other hand, in a clinical scenario, human blood-clotting disease (Royal disease) detection has been considered an urgent issue that has to be solved. This study uses AIoT with deep long short-term memory networks for biosensing application and analyzes the potent clinical target, human blood clotting factor IX, by its aptamer/antibody as the probe on the microscaled fingers and gaps of the interdigitated electrode. The earlier results by the current-volt measurements have shown the changes in the surface modification. The limit of detection (LOD) was noticed as 1 pM with the antibody as the probe, whereas the aptamer behaved better with the LOD at 100 fM. The time-series predictions from the AIoT application supported the obtained results with the laboratory analyses using both probes. This application clearly supports the results obtained from the interdigitated electrode sensor as aptamer to be the better option for analyzing the blood clotting defects. The current study supports a great implementation of AIoT in sensing application and can be followed for other clinical biomarkers.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
Fulltext Preliminary Study of Memory Enhancement of USIM Students with Internet Addiction Disorder by the Effect of Quran Therapy in Terms of EEG Power Spectra

Saleh, N. N., Tamam, S.

Physics and Technology in Medicine, 2020;1(1):45-51.
MyJurnal

The advancement of internet nowadays have drives the university students place great reliance on the internet for almost all matter. However, if the internet is heavily used, it may have a detrimental effect which could contribute to an Internet Addiction Disorders (IAD) among university students. IAD could create problem in developing relationships like normal people and appear to have low quality of memory. Thus, this is definitely not good to students. Knowing that by listening to Quran verse has a potential to improve the memory, hence this study is carried out. The study utilized a brain-computer interface Emotiv EPOC+, multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) detection during dual N-back tasks (spatial and verbal) where subjects were given with load level from 2-back to 3-back. Five (5) out of two hundred (200) participants of USIM’s students (20-23 years old) were recruited to continue with the brain scan experiment after getting a high score which indicated their severe level of addiction in a screening addiction test, Young’s Internet Addiction Test. Subjects were administered with a pre‐ and post‐tests to analyze and evaluate the effects of implementing Quran listening in their dailies for two months. The behavioral assessment exhibited accuracy increment between pre- and post- tests by 13.4% from 9.4%. While the EEG power value showed there were significant differences (p=0.002) in brainwaves between the pre- and the post- tests for 2 back; as the dominant brainwave found at the frontal and prefrontal cortex for delta and theta bands. The research revealed that the theta power band presented as the most dominant brain wave associated with N-back task for the enhancement of working memory which influence by the listening to Surah in Al-Quran.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
Fulltext An Early Reading Assessment Battery for Multilingual Learners in Malaysia

Lee JAC, Lee S, Yusoff NFM, Ong PH, Nordin ZS, Winskel H

Front Psychol, 2020;11:1700.
PMID: 32754104 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01700

The aim of the study was to develop a new comprehensive reading assessment battery for multi-ethnic and multilingual learners in Malaysia. Using this assessment battery, we examined the reliability, validity, and dimensionality of the factors associated with reading difficulties/disabilities in the Malay language, a highly transparent alphabetic orthography. In order to further evaluate the reading assessment battery, we compared results from the assessment battery with those obtained from the Malaysian national screening instrument. In the study, 866 Grade 1 children from multi-ethnic and multilingual backgrounds from 11 government primary schools participated. The reading assessment battery comprised 13 assessments, namely, reading comprehension, spelling, listening comprehension, letter name knowledge, letter name fluency, rapid automatized naming, word reading accuracy, word reading efficiency, oral reading fluency, expressive vocabulary, receptive vocabulary, elision, and phonological memory. High reliability and validity were found for the assessments. An exploratory factor analysis yielded three main constructs: phonological-decoding, sublexical-fluency, and vocabulary-memory. Phonological-decoding was found to be the most reliable construct that distinguished between at-risk and non-at-risk children. Identifying these underlying factors will be useful for detecting children at-risk for developing reading difficulties in the Malay language. In addition, these results highlight the importance of including a range of reading and reading-related measures for the early diagnosis of reading difficulties in this highly transparent orthography.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory
The Effect of Cyberspace-based Education on the Well-Being of Caregivers of Elderly People with Dementia

Momtaz YA, Mollaei P, Taheri-Tanjani P

Curr Aging Sci, 2021 Feb 08.
PMID: 33563165 DOI: 10.2174/1874609814666210208180051

INTRODUCTION: One of the consequences of aging is the prevalence of chronic and age-related diseases, such as dementia. Caring for patients with dementia has a negative impact on the caregiver's well-being. This study aimed to examine the impact of cyberspace-based education on the well-being of caregivers of demented elderly people.
METHODS: This experimental study was done on a sample of 86 caregivers of elderly with dementia in 2018. The study sample was selected from memory clinic of Taleghani Hospital and randomly assigned into groups (intervention n = 43, control n = 43 groups). The well-being was measured using the World Health Organization - Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), before and two months after the intervention. Cyberspace-based educational intervention was conducted for one month. The SPSS software version 23 was employed in data analysis.
RESULTS: The mean age of the caregivers in the intervention and control groups were (M = 51.95, SD = 10.90) and (M = 51.36, SD = 15.12) respectively. No significant difference was found between two groups in terms of age, gender and level of education. The results of analysis showed that while the well-being of the intervention group was significantly increased (t (38) = -11.38, P<0.001) the well-being in the control group was significantly reduced ( t(36) =4.71 , P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: The findings showed that cyberspace-based education can improve the well-being of caregivers of the elderly with dementia.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory
Neurocognitive impairment following proton therapy for paediatric brain tumour: a systematic review of post-therapy assessments

Yahya N, Manan HA

Support Care Cancer, 2021 Jun;29(6):3035-3047.
PMID: 33040284 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05808-z

BACKGROUND: Proton therapy (PT), frequently utilised to treat paediatric brain tumour (PBT) patients, eliminates exit dose and minimises dose to healthy tissues that theoretically can mitigate treatment-related effects including cognitive deficits. As clinical outcome data are emerging, we aimed to systematically review current evidence of cognitive changes following PT of PBT.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched PubMed and Scopus electronic databases to identify eligible reports on cognitive changes following PT of PBT according to PRISMA guidelines. Reports were extracted for information on demographics and cognitive outcomes. Then, they were systematically reviewed based on three themes: (1) comparison with photon therapy, (2) comparison with baseline cognitive measures, to population normative mean or radiotherapy-naïve PBT patients and (3) effects of dose distribution to cognition.
RESULTS: Thirteen reports (median size (range): 70 (12-144)) were included. Four reports compared the cognitive outcome between PBT patients treated with proton to photon therapy and nine compared with baseline/normative mean/radiotherapy naïve from which two reported the effects of dose distribution. Reports found significantly poorer cognitive outcome among patients treated with photon therapy compared with proton therapy especially in general cognition and working memory. Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) was consistently associated with poorer cognitive outcome while focal therapy was associated with minor cognitive change/difference. In limited reports available, higher doses to the hippocampus and temporal lobes were implicated to larger cognitive change.
CONCLUSION: Available evidence suggests that PT causes less cognitive deficits compared with photon therapy. Children who underwent focal therapy with proton were consistently shown to have low risk of cognitive deficit suggesting the need for future studies to separate them from CSI. Evidence on the effect of dose distribution to cognition in PT is yet to mature.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
Fulltext Does traditional asian vegetables (ulam) consumption correlate with brain activity using fMRI? A study among aging adults from low-income households

You YX, Shahar S, Mohamad M, Yahya HM, Haron H, Abdul Hamid H

J Magn Reson Imaging, 2020 04;51(4):1142-1153.
PMID: 31386268 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26891

BACKGROUND: Working memory and cognitive flexibility are supported by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Aging adults from low-income households are individuals with a high risk of cognitive decline who incorporate ulam in their daily diet.
PURPOSE: To examine relationship between ulam consumption and the working memory and cognitive flexibility among aging adults from low-income households who are more susceptible to cognitive decline.
STUDY TYPE: Cross-sectional.
POPULATION/SUBJECTS: Thirty-two aging adults (45-75 years old).
FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Task-based fMRI, 3.0T, T1 -weighted anatomical images, T2 *-weighted imaging data.
ASSESSMENT: The dietary and ulam consumption were assessed using the respective validated Dietary History and semiquantitative Food Frequency questionnaires. Working memory and cognitive flexibility were evaluated by using neuropsychological batteries (ie, mini-mental state examination [MMSE], Digit Span, and Rey auditory verbal learning test [RAVLT]) and task-based fMRI (N-back and Stroop Color Word Test [SCWT]). Brodmann's areas 9 and 46 were the regions of interest (ROIs) of DLPFC activation.
STATISTICAL TESTS: Multiple linear regression used to understand the relationship between ulam consumption and the working memory and cognitive flexibility, while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the difference of working memory and cognitive flexibility among four percentiles of ulam consumption, after age, gender, and education years adjustments. Significance was decided by two-sided, P

Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
Fulltext Chronic restraint stress impairs sociability but not social recognition and spatial memoryin C57BL/6J mice

Zain MA, Pandy V, Majeed ABA, Wong WF, Mohamed Z

Exp Anim, 2019 Feb 26;68(1):113-124.
PMID: 30393276 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0078

Chronic stress has been associated with impairment of memory, learning, and social cognition. In animal studies, chronic stress has been shown to impair rodent sociability behaviour which mimics social withdrawal as observed in depression patients. The effect of chronic stress on social recognition, however, is uncertain. Moreover, with reference to spatial learning and memory, the effect of chronic stress is dependent on the type of behavioural task: an appetitively or aversively motivated tasks. The effect of chronic stress was consistent in impairing spatial learning and memory in the appetitive task; however, the effect was inconsistent in an aversive task like the Morris water maze. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of chronic restraint stress on sociability and social recognition by using a modified protocol of the three-chamber paradigm and the effect of chronic restraint stress on spatial learning and memory by using the Morris water maze test in young adult C57BL/6J male mice. The present report also describes a modified protocol of the three-chamber paradigm. Our modification is based on measurement of sniffing behaviour, which is a direct social interaction that represents sociability. We used the chronic restraint stress paradigm for 6 h/day for 21 days to induce depression-like symptoms in male C57BL/6J mice which were validated by forced-swim test. We observed that the stressed group had impairments in their sociability behaviour but that social recognition was not affected. Furthermore, we confirmed that chronic stress produced no significant impairment in spatial learning and memory of the mice in the water maze.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory
Hemispheric Lateralization of Auditory Working Memory Regions During Stochastic Resonance: An fMRI Study

Othman EA, Yusoff AN, Mohamad M, Abdul Manan H, Abd Hamid AI, Giampietro V

J Magn Reson Imaging, 2020 06;51(6):1821-1828.
PMID: 31794119 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27016

BACKGROUND: The auditory and prefrontal cortex supports auditory working memory processing. Many neuroimaging studies have shown hemispheric lateralization of auditory working memory brain regions in the presence of background noise, but few studies have focused on the lateralization of these regions during stochastic resonance.
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of stochastic resonance on lateralization of auditory working memory regions, and also to examine the brain-behavior relationship during stochastic resonance.
STUDY TYPE: Cross-sectional.
POPULATION/SUBJECTS: Forty healthy young adults (18-24 years old).
FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0T, T1 , and T2 *-weighted imaging.
ASSESSMENT: The auditory working memory performance was assessed using a backward recall task. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity during task performance. Functional MRI data were analyzed using SPM12 and WFU PickAtlas.
STATISTICAL TESTS: One-way independent analyses of variance (ANOVA) were conducted on the behavioral and functional data to examine the main effect of noise level on performance (P

Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
Fulltext Neuronal Cell Death and Mouse (Mus musculus) Behaviour Induced by Bee Venom

Oktiansyah R, Juliandi B, Widayati KA, Juniantito V

Trop Life Sci Res, 2018 Jul;29(2):1-11.
PMID: 30112137 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2018.29.2.1

Neuronal cell death can occur in a tissue or organ, including the brain, which affects memory. The objectives of this study were to determine the dose of bee venom that causes neuronal death and analyse the alteration of mouse behaviour, focusing in particular on spatial memory. Fifteen male mice of Deutsche Denken Yoken (DDY) strain were divided into control and treatment groups. Bee venom was injected six times for two weeks intraperitoneally with 1.88 mg/kg, 3.76 mg/kg, 5.6 mg/kg, and 7.48 mg/kg doses of venom. Brain histology was studied using haematoxylin-eosin stained paraffin embedded 5 μm coronal sections. A Y maze test was used to assay behaviour. Parameters observed were the number of dead neurons and the percentage of mice with altered behaviour. ANOVA showed that the effects of bee venom were significantly different in the case of the neuronal death parameter but were not significantly different in the case of the mice behaviour parameter. Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) demonstrated that P4 (7.48 mg/kg) gave the highest effect of bee venom to promote neuronal death.

Matched MeSH terms: Spatial Memory
Fulltext The influence of working memory capacity on academic achievement of final year medical students

Nalliah, Sivalingam

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2012;6(10):0-0.
MyJurnal

This is a cross sectional study conducted in July 2010 at the International Medical University, Seremban, Malaysia. The objective of this study was to ascertain the relationship between working memory capacity of final MBBS medical students using the digit span backward test and their academic achievement based on the total score at the modified
essay questions (MEQ) which was the principal component of the theory examination. Seventy eight final year medical students were recruited,41 (52.6%) were females and remaining 37 (47.4%) were males. Working memory capacity was measured by digit span backward test (DSBT) which ranged from3 to 8 digits. The mean digit score was 6.6 ± 1.1 falling under the category of ‘above average’ score. There was no significant difference between working memory capacity and gender (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in the MEQ mean score and the different categories of working memory capacity (p>0.05).
The DBST shows uniformity in working memory adequate to pass the modified essay questions. Medical students appear to use encoding and retrieval process in problem solving based on functionality and pattern recognition in tackling the problems in the MEQ.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
Fulltext Demographic and clinical factors associated with verbal memory performance in patients with schizophrenia in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Malaysia

Zahiruddin Othman, Hasanah Che Ismail, Ruzita Jamaluddin, Muhammad Najib Mohamad Alwi

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;12(2):0-0.
MyJurnal

Objective: The present study aims to assess verbal memory performance in patients with schizophrenia attending HUSM and determine the relationship between the patients’ verbal memory performance and their demographic/clinical factors. Methods: A cross sectional study of 114 patients with schizophrenia attending HUSM psychiatric services from December 2007 to May 2008 was conducted. The schizophrenia symptoms as well as verbal memory performance were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Malay version of the Calgary Depression Scale (MVCDS), and the Malay version of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (MVAVLT). The relationship between verbal memory performance and demographic/clinical symptoms was evaluated using Pearson Correlation. Results: Overall MVAVLT scores in all the trials were lowered in patients with schizophrenia compared to average healthy controls. There were significant relationships between occupational status and MVAVLT performance in Trial A1-A5 Total; between educational level and MVAVLT performance in Trial A1 and Trial A1-A5 Total and between severities of illness and MVAVLT performance in all indexes except Trial A1 after controlled for occupation and
educational level. Conclusions: Patient with schizophrenia in HUSM performed significantly worse than healthy controls in verbal memory with or without interference. There were significant relationships between MVAVLT performance and patient’s occupational s tatus, educational level and severity of the illness but not depressive symptoms.

Study site: Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)

Matched MeSH terms: Memory
Digital life storybooks for people with dementia living in care homes: an evaluation

Subramaniam P, Woods B

Clin Interv Aging, 2016;11:1263-1276.
PMID: 27698556

There is increasing interest in using information and communication technology to help older adults with dementia to engage in reminiscence work. Now, the feasibility of such approaches is beginning to be established. The purpose of this study was to establish an evidence-base for the acceptability and efficacy of using multimedia digital life storybooks with people with dementia in care homes, in comparison with conventional life storybooks, taking into account the perspectives of people with dementia, their relatives, and care staff.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory
Fulltext Verbal working memory in schizophrenia: relationship to cigarette smoking and psychopathology

Hazura, H., Wan Norhaida, W.A., Zahiruddin, O., Ruzita, J.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2012;21(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: A number of researches suggest smoking serves as a form of self-medication to reduce the side effects of antipsychotic medications, to alleviate negative symptoms, and/or to ameliorate a number of cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of cigarette smoking with verbal working memory and psychopathology of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Fifty-three patients with schizophrenia were assessed by a single rater using the Malay Version of Auditory Verbal Learning Test (MVAVLT) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Smokers (n=30) were compared with nonsmokers (n=23) on socio-demographic, clinical, psychopathology and verbal memory variables. Single linear and multiple regression analysis were performed to determine factors associated with verbal memory performance.
Results: Verbal working memory performance is associated with lower number of admission to ward, lesser severity of the negative symptoms or general psychopathology of schizophrenia and use of atypical antipsychotics in all schizophrenic subjects. Smokers with schizophrenia scored higher than non- smoker in measures that reflect immediate memory, delayed recall and recognition memory. However, the association between verbal working
memory performance and smoking status was found to be not significant. Conclusion: Verbal working memory performance is associated with negative symptoms but not positive symptoms. This study failed to detect association of smoking on verbal working memory.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
Fulltext Sociodemographic profiles of caregivers and their association with burden of care in dementia

Rosdinom, R., Norzarina, M.Z., Ruzanna, Z., Zanariah, M.S.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;20(1):1-10.
MyJurnal

Caring for a family member with dementia is associated with distress and several caregiver factors are known to be determinants of burden of care.
Objective: To determine the relationship between the caregivers’ sociodemographic variables and their perceived burden of care.
Methods: Patients diagnosed as having dementia with their caregivers were selected through a non-randomised sampling method from the psychogeriatric and memory clinics in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre and Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Burden of care was assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview.
Results: Age, gender, educational achievement, ethnicity and kinship of the 65 caregivers did not show any significant statistical difference in relation to their perceived burden. Conclusion: Burden in caring after patients with dementia was not significantly determined by the sociodemographic characteristics of their caregivers
Study site: Psychogeriartic clinics and memory clinics of Pusat Perubatan University Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM) and Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Memory
Fulltext Validation of the Malay version of auditory verbal learning test (MVAVLT) among schizophrenia patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Malaysia

Zahiruddin Othman, Muhammad Najib Muhammad Alwi, Kamarul Imran Musa, Muhammad Najib Muhammad Alwi, Ruzita Jamaluddin

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2009;10(1):54-74.
MyJurnal

Objective: Many studies have emphasized the significance of verbal memory for the functional outcome in schizophrenia. A preserved capability to encode and recall verbal information is essential for the long-term efficacy of psychoeducational programs and other
psychological intervention to ensure the successful transfer of newly acquired skills or knowledge into everyday life. Aims of this study aimed to validate the MVALT among schizophrenia patients in HUSM. Methods: The subjects were 15 schizophrenia patients
conveniently selected from the patients that attended follow up at the psychiatry clinic in HUSM or inpatients who have been admitted during the study period and 15 healthy control subjects as a comparison. Reliability and validity of the MVAVLT were analyzed. Results: The validation study showed that the Malay version Auditory Verbal Learning Test (MVAVLT) had a good validity (factor analysis 0.66 to 0.98) and test-retest reliability (pearson correlation ranged from 0.24 to 0.84) and has been shown to be sensitive in
discriminating between normal and schizophrenia patients. In line with the previous research, the schizophrenia patients performed significantly worse than healthy control in all indexes measured in MVAVLT. Conclusion: The screening of deficits in verbal learning
and memory among the schizophrenia patients is important, for early detection and treatment since it can be helpful for clinicians and psychologists in their counseling sessions. Subsequently, it helps patients to reduce such cognitive difficulties and their impact by using specific rehabilitation with the usage of newer antipsychotic agents.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory
Fulltext Prevalence of cognitive impairment among the members of the national council of senior citizens’ Malaysia in day care centres within the Klang Valley

Sharifah Zainiyah, S.Y., Gunasegaran, M., Muhammad Hanif, M.Z., Nuramalina, N., Seow, H.C., Bharathi, V.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2011;11(2):43-48.
MyJurnal

Cognitive Impairment is common in late life and may be due to the normal process of ageing, or associated with physical or mental disorder which contributes to a decrease in quality of life, neuropsychiatric symptoms, increased disability and increased healthcare cost. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly members in NACSCOM in Day Care Centres within the Klang Valley and its associated socio-demographic factors such as age, gender and educational level. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 members of NACSCOM in Day Care Centres of Damansara,Subang Jaya and Setapak using assisted questionnaires as the research tool. The questionnaire comprising of a total of 10 questions based on Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaires (ECAQ), consisted of three parts, memory, orientation and recall. One correctly answered question earned the respondent one mark. The total score for ECAQ is 10 where respondents with scores of 5 and below were identified as having cognitive impairment. Data collected was analyzed using Chi-square test (SPSS version 18). The prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly members of NACSCOM in Day Care Centres within the Klang Valley was 4.0%. This study also showed that there was no statistically significant association between cognitive impairment and sociodemographic factors such as age, gender and education. Prevalence of cognitive impairment among the members of NACSCOM in Day Care Centres within the Klang Valley was found to be low. This could be attributed to the fact that members actively participated in activities organized by NACSCOM. The study also did not find any statistically significant association between cognitive impairment and age, gender and education.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory
Fulltext The effects of background noise on brain activation during a verbal working memory task

Mohamad, M., Yusoff, A.N., Mukari, S.Z.M., Abdullah, A., Abd Hamid, A.I.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2014;10(1):29-38.
MyJurnal

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of noisy background on brain activation during a working memory task. Fourteen healthy male subjects underwent silent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scans while listening to words presented verbally against quiet (WIS) and noisy (WIN) backgrounds. The stimuli were binaurally presented to the subjects at 70 dB sound pressure level (SPL) in both conditions. Group results indicated significant (p < 0.001) bilateral widespread of brain activations in the primary auditory cortex, superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus and inferior parietal lobes during WIS. Additional significant activation was observed in the middle cingulate cortex and anterior cingulate cortex during WIN, suggesting the involvement of cingulate cortex in working memory processing against a noisy background. The mean percentage of signal change in all regions was higher during WIN as compared to WIS. Right hemispheric predominance was observed for both conditions in primary auditory cortex and middle frontal gyrus and this could be attributed to the increased difficulty of the tasks. The results obtained from this study demonstrated that background noise increased task demand and difficulty. Task demand was found to play an important role in determining the activation magnitude in the brain areas during working memory task.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
Fulltext Delayed neuropsychiatry sequelae (DNS) Of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning - a case report

Arasalingam, Shamini, Ahmad Faizal Shamsuddin, Hatta Sidi, Hjh Rabai'ah Mohd Salleh

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2015;16(1):131-134.
MyJurnal

Objective: Several cases of suicide attempt by charcoal burning producing CO have been reported in Malaysia. This case report highlights a case of delayed delayed neuropsychiatry sequelae (DNS) in CO poisoning.
Method: We report a young Chinese homemaker who presented with DNS who was detained in a Malaysian forensic psychiatric ward.
Results: After approximately two weeks of admission, in a familicide attempt, she had started to exhibit subtle changes in her behaviour, including social withdrawal, impaired memory, and there was lack of emotional distress.
Conclusion: We report an interesting DNS as one of the two forms of chronic sequelae of CO poisoning, whereas the other type of neuropsychiatric sequelae is the persistently progressive type.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory Disorders
Deoxyelephantopin ameliorates lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced memory impairments in rats: Evidence for its anti-neuroinflammatory properties

Andy SN, Pandy V, Alias Z, Kadir HA

Life Sci, 2018 Aug 01;206:45-60.
PMID: 29792878 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.035

AIM: Neuroinflammation is a critical pathogenic mechanism of most neurodegenerative disorders especially, Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are known to induce neuroinflammation which is evident from significant upsurge of pro-inflammatory mediators in in vitro BV-2 microglial cells and in vivo animal models. In present study, we investigated anti-neuroinflammatory properties of deoxyelephantopin (DET) isolated from Elephantopus scaber in LPS-induced neuroinflammatory rat model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, DET (0.625. 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered in rats for 21 days and those animals were challenged with single injection of LPS (250 μg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days. Cognitive and behavioral assessment was carried out for 7 days followed by molecular assessment on brain hippocampus. Statistical significance was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett's test to compare the treatment groups with the control group.
KEY FINDINGS: DET ameliorated LPS-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing major pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS and COX-2. Furthermore, DET enhanced the anti-inflammatory cytokines and concomitantly suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine production. DET treatment also reversed LPS-induced behavioral and memory deficits and attenuated LPS-induced elevation of the expression of AD markers. DET improved synaptic-functionality via enhancing the activity of pre- and post-synaptic markers, like PSD-95 and SYP. DET also prevented LPS-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration via inhibition of PARP-1, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3.
SIGNIFICANCE: Overall, our studies suggest DET can prevent neuroinflammation-associated memory impairment and neurodegeneration and it could be developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of neuroinflammation-mediated and neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD.

Matched MeSH terms: Memory Disorders/chemically induced*; Memory Disorders/prevention & control*; Memory Disorders/psychology

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