Displaying publications 161 - 180 of 10188 in total

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  1. Zainuddin MZ, Mohamad NS, Su Keng T, Mohd Yusof MYP
    J Forensic Sci, 2023 Nov;68(6):2048-2056.
    PMID: 37529884 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15352
    Conventional dental age estimation relies on destructive methods such as sectioning and staining, which are unpreferable when the tooth is required for evidential or archeological preservation. MicroCT is a non-destructive, high-resolution imaging technique that allows for accurate morphometrical measurement. Although microCT technology has been applied in a variety of dental studies, studies focusing on dental age-related change and dental age estimation based on microCT imaging remain lacking. Based on the question: "How has microCT technology been applied in studying human age-related tooth morphological change and dental age estimation studies?", the authors conducted a scoping review in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A literature search using five major scientific databases identified 452 articles, with 11 full-text articles being eligible to be included in the scoping review. Furthermore, 6 out of the 11 studies performed dental age estimation modeling. An overview of the parameters used in the selected articles revealed a variety of tooth characteristics, such as pulp cavity to whole tooth volume ratio, secondary dentin, as well as the diameter of root canal orifice. The findings of this scoping review highlight the extent microCT is used in studying dental age-related changes, as well as the effectiveness of microCT in dental age estimation studies. This review serves as a guide for future forensic odontology age estimation studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Microtomography/methods
  2. Tan SB, Capelle DP, Zainal NZ, Lim EJ, Loh EC, Lam CL
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2017 Sep;46(9):339-346.
    PMID: 29022034
    Alleviation of suffering in palliative care needs a combination of good symptom control and psychosocial care. The capacity of mindfulness to promote psychological flexibility opens up possibilities of creating a paradigm shift that can potentially change the landscape of psychosocial care. In this review, we attempt to introduce 4 methods to establish mindfulness based on 'The Discourse on the Foundations of Mindfulness', a core text of Theravada Buddhism, followed by a brief comparison of the concepts and practices of mindfulness in different cultures and religions in Southeast Asia. Next, 2 mindfulness-based interventions specifically designed for palliative psychosocial care - mindfulness-based supportive therapy (MBST) and mini-mindfulness meditation (MMM) are introduced. We hypothesise that mindful practices, tailored to the palliative setting, can promote positive psychosocial outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mindfulness/methods*
  3. Finn GM, Tai J, Nadarajah VD
    Med Educ, 2025 Jan;59(1):88-96.
    PMID: 39255998 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15535
    CONTEXT: In this article, we draw upon diverse and contextually different experiences of working on inclusive assessment, with the aim of bridging and enhancing practices of inclusive assessments for health professions education (HPE) within universities. Instead of juxtaposing our views from three countries, we combine our perspectives to advocate for inclusive assessment.

    DISCUSSION: Creating an inclusive assessment culture is important for equitable education, even if priorities for inclusion might differ between contexts. We recognise challenges in the enactment of inclusive assessment, namely, the notion of lowering standards, harming reliability and robustness of assessment design and inclusion as a poorly defined and catchall term. Importantly, the lack of awareness that inclusion means recognising intersectionality is a barrier for well-designed inclusive assessments. This is why we offer considerations for HPE practitioners that can guide towards a unified direction of travel for inclusive assessments. This article highlights the importance of contextual prioritisation and initiatives to be considered at the global level to national, institutional, programme and the individual level. Utilising experience and literature from undergraduate, higher education contexts, we offer considerations with applicability across the assessment continuum.

    CONTEXT: In this state of science paper, we were set the challenge of providing cross-cultural viewpoints on inclusive assessment. In this discursive article, we focus on inclusive assessment within undergraduate health professions education whilst looking to the wider higher education literature, since institutional policies and procedures frequently drive assessment decisions and influence the environment in which they occur. We explore our experiences of working in inclusive assessment, with the aim of bridging and enhancing practices of inclusive assessments for HPE. Unlike other articles that juxtapose views, we all come from the perspective of supporting inclusive assessment. We begin with a discussion on what inclusive assessment is and then describe our contexts as a basis for understanding differences and broadening conversations. We work in the United Kingdom, Australia and Malaysia, having undertaken research, facilitated workshops and seminars on inclusive assessment nationally and internationally. We recognise our perspectives will differ as a consequence of our global context, institutional culture, individual characteristics and educational experiences. (Note that individual characteristics are also known as protected characteristics in some countries). Then, we outline challenges and opportunities associated with inclusive assessment, drawing on evidence within our contexts, acknowledging that our understanding of inclusive assessment research is limited to publications in English and currently tilted to publications from the Global North. In the final section, we then offer recommendations for championing inclusion, focussing firstly on assessment designs, and then broader considerations to organise collective action. Our article is unapologetically practical; the deliberate divergence from a theoretical piece is with the intent that anyone who reads this paper might enact even one small change progressing towards more inclusive assessment practices within their context.

    Matched MeSH terms: Educational Measurement/methods
  4. Kliver S, Kovacic I, Mak S, Sinding MS, Stagegaard J, Petersen B, et al.
    J Hered, 2025 Jan 03;116(1):78-87.
    PMID: 39316562 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esae052
    The African hunting dog (Lycaon pictus, 2n = 78) once ranged over most sub-Saharan ecosystems except its deserts and rainforests. However, as a result of (still ongoing) population declines, today they remain only as small fragmented populations. Furthermore, the future of the species remains unclear, due to both anthropogenic pressure and interactions with domestic dogs, thus their preservation is a conservation priority. On the tree of life, the hunting dog is basal to Canis and Cuon and forms a crown group with them, making it a useful species for comparative genomic studies. Here, we present a diploid chromosome-level assembly of an African hunting dog. Assembled according to Vertebrate Genomes Project guidelines from a combination of PacBio HiFi reads and HiC data, it is phased at the level of individual chromosomes. The maternal (pseudo)haplotype (mat) of our assembly has a length of 2.38 Gbp, and 99.36% of the sequence is encompassed by 39 chromosomal scaffolds. The rest is included in only 36 unplaced short scaffolds. At the contig level, the mat consists of only 166 contigs with an N50 of 39 Mbp. BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologue) analysis showed 95.4% completeness based on Carnivora conservative genes (carnivora_odb10). When compared with other available genomes from subtribe Canina, the quality of the assembly is excellent, typically between the first and third depending on the parameter used, and a significant improvement on previously published genomes for the species. We hope this assembly will play an important role in future conservation efforts and comparative studies of canid genomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genomics/methods
  5. Chew BH, Lai PSM, Sivaratnam DA, Basri NI, Appannah G, Mohd Yusof BN, et al.
    Health Syst Reform, 2025 Dec 31;11(1):2417788.
    PMID: 39761168 DOI: 10.1080/23288604.2024.2417788
    There are approximately 220 million (about 12% regional prevalence) adults living with diabetes mellitus (DM) with its related complications, and morbidity knowingly or unconsciously in the Western Pacific Region (WP). The estimated healthcare cost in the WP and Malaysia was 240 billion USD and 1.0 billion USD in 2021 and 2017, respectively, with unmeasurable suffering and loss of health quality and economic productivity. This urgently calls for nothing less than concerted and preventive efforts from all stakeholders to invest in transforming healthcare professionals and reforming the healthcare system that prioritizes primary medical care setting, empowering allied health professionals, improvising health organization for the healthcare providers, improving health facilities and non-medical support for the people with DM. This article alludes to challenges in optimal diabetes care and proposes evidence-based initiatives over a 5-year period in a detailed roadmap to bring about dynamic and efficient healthcare services that are effective in managing people with DM using Malaysia as a case study for reference of other countries with similar backgrounds and issues. This includes a scanning on the landscape of clinical research in DM, dimensions and spectrum of research misconducts, possible common biases along the whole research process, key preventive strategies, implementation and limitations toward high-quality research. Lastly, digital medicine and how artificial intelligence could contribute to diabetes care and open science practices in research are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/methods
  6. Lv Y, Zheng Y, Lee YY, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, et al.
    Food Chem, 2025 May 01;473:143050.
    PMID: 39922184 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143050
    This research employed environmentally friendly dry fractionation to systematically modify the physicochemical properties of 80 % diacylglycerol derived from peanut oil (PDAG-80), expanding its potential food applications. The properties of olein and stearin were optimized by adjusting key parameters: crystallization temperatures (11, 13, 15 and 17 °C), cooling rates (2, 5, 8 and 11 °C/h), agitation speeds (10, 20, 30 and 40 rpm)and residence times (3, 6, 9 and 12 h). Lowering the crystallization temperature and extending the residence time increased the iodine value and solid fat content of olein. Additionally, diverse fractionation parameters yieled stearin with varying crystal ratios. The resulting olein fractionated from PDAG-80, a liquid at room temperature and rich in unsaturated fatty acids, exhibited superior cloudy property and oxidative stability. These findings not only deepen the understanding of PDAG-80 physical modification, but also provide a scientific foundation for developing high value-added PDAG products within the food industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chemical Fractionation/methods
  7. Biglari N, Salehi E
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2025 Apr;301:140352.
    PMID: 39875040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140352
    Polysaccharides such as chitosan, alginate, cellulose, and carrageenan have emerged as promising adsorbents due to their biodegradability, abundant availability, and diverse chemical functionality. These biopolymers exhibit promising performance for adsorption of a wide range of pollutants including heavy metals (e.g., lead, cadmium), organic dyes (e.g., methylene blue, methyl orange), and even pathogenic microorganisms. However, inherent hydrophilicity and poor mechanical properties limit their broader application in environmental and biomedical fields. As an effective way to address the issues, recent advancements have focused on the incorporation of nanoparticles (e.g., metal oxides, carbon nanotubes and clays) into polysaccharides to obtain nanocomposite films. Generally, these nanocomposites offer enhanced surface area, tunable porous network, and improved chemical and mechanical resistances for adsorption and biomedical applications. The current review gives a focused overview of the recent progresses in polysaccharide-based nanocomposites, with particular attention to their fabrication methods, adsorption capacity and mechanism, and diverse applications in water purification, drug delivery, and antimicrobial treatments. Critical challenges such as the optimization of nanoparticle dispersion and the environmental impacts of nanocomposite biodegradation are also discussed to pave the road for the future research in this promising field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Water Purification/methods
  8. Ramadhan M, Braga A, Alzaid M, Benzouak T, Hamouche F, Almarzouq A
    Urolithiasis, 2025 Feb 26;53(1):41.
    PMID: 40009135 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-025-01696-2
    Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is one of the first-line treatments in the management of renal stones and is usually performed using fluoroscopic (FS) guidance. Ultrasonography (US) is a potential alternative with minimal radiation exposure. The primary aim of this study was to compare the stone free rate (SFR) between US and FS guided ESWL. The secondary outcomes were overall complications, re-intervention rate, hematuria, UTI, pain occurrence and number of shocks required. A prospectively registered systematic review and meta-analysis (CRD42024511335) according to PRISMA guidelines, was conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, were searched up to February 15, 2024. Snowballing techniques and Google Scholar were used for external gray literature. Adult and pediatric subgroups were pooled and individually analyzed. Twelve studies were identified with 2673 patients. Ultrasonography yielded a significantly favorable SFR (OR 1.43;95%CI [1.06-1.94]; P = 0.02). This difference was found only in the adult subgroup. No differences were found between modalities, nor within any subgroup in terms of secondary outcomes. In this meta-analysis, US-ESWL demonstrated a higher SFR compared to standard FS-ESWL However, this finding was shown only in adult patients, and although there was no difference in pediatric patients, the minimized radiation exposure remains an attractive attribute in US-ESWL.These results should be interpreted cautiously, due to a limited number of RCTs and heterogeneity between studies. More research is needed especially in pediatric populations, to further elucidate the role of US in ESWL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fluoroscopy/methods
  9. Taha BA, Abdulrahm ZM, Addie AJ, Haider AJ, Alkawaz AN, Yaqoob IAM, et al.
    Talanta, 2025 May 15;287:127693.
    PMID: 39919475 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.127693
    Multi-omics profiling integrates genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data, essential for understanding complex health and disease pathways. This review highlights the transformative potential of combining optical nanosensors with artificial intelligence (AI). It is possible to identify disease-specific biomarkers using real-time and sensitive molecular interactions. These technologies are precious for genetic, epigenetic, and proteomic changes critical to disease progression and treatment response. AI improves multi-omics profiling by analyzing large, diverse data sets and common patterns traditional methods overlook. Machine learning tools Biomarkers Discovery is revolutionizing, drug resistance is being understood, and medicine is being personalized as the combination of AI and nanosensors has advanced the detection of DNA methylation and proteomic signatures and improved our understanding of cancer, cardiovascular disease and vascular disease. Despite these advances, challenges still exist. Difficulties in integrating data sets, retaining sensors, and building scalable computing tools are the biggest obstacles. It also examines various solutions with advanced AI algorithms and innovations, including fabrication in nanosensor design. Moreover, it highlights the potential of nanosensor-assisted, AI-driven multi-omics profiling to revolutionize disease diagnosis and treatment. As technology advances, these tools pave the way for faster diagnosis, more accurate treatment and improved patient outcomes, offering new hope for personalized medicine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Proteomics/methods
  10. Schwartz MK, Dunn SL, Gendron WAC, Helm JE, Kamau WS, Mark-Shadbolt M, et al.
    Trends Ecol Evol, 2025 Mar;40(3):296-307.
    PMID: 39667987 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.11.011
    Introducing new genes and new species into ecosystems where they have not previously existed presents opportunities and complex, multivalue decisions for conservation biologists and the public. Both synthetic biology and conservation introductions offer potential benefits, such as avoiding extinctions and restoring ecological function, but also carry risks of unintended ecological consequences and raise social and moral concerns. Although the conservation community has attempted to establish guidelines for each new tool, there is a need for comprehensive principles that will enable conservation managers to navigate emerging technologies. Here, we combine biological, legal, social, cultural, and ethical considerations into an inclusive set of principles designed to facilitate the efforts of managers facing high-consequence conservation decisions by clarifying the stakes of inaction and action, along with the use of decision frameworks to integrate multiple considerations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Synthetic Biology/methods
  11. Hew SY, Tan PY, Zhao K, Tan HY
    Curr Microbiol, 2025 Mar 07;82(4):175.
    PMID: 40053104 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-025-04137-w
    Economic sustainability and the emergence of infectious diseases remain critical challenges in tilapia aquaculture. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are well-known feed additives with probiotic effects in improving overall performance of livestock. This study evaluated the effects of host-associated probiotic, Leuconostoc lactis TARicum AI2, on growth performance, antioxidant, immune responses, and gut microbiota of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) by conducting an 86-day feeding trial. The probiotic, previously characterised for its beneficial traits, was coated on commercial feed at a concentration of 109 CFU g-1. Results showed tilapia fed with probiotic had significant improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared to the control group. Upregulation of cytokine expressions was observed in the probiotic group. Gut microbiota analysis revealed an increased abundance of the genera Clostridium and Leuconostoc in the probiotic-fed tilapia. Beta-diversity indices proved exclusive groups of bacteria present in specific diet only. In conclusion, L. lactis strain TARicum AI2 is a potential probiotic candidate in promoting growth in tilapia as the results suggested it could improve FCR and PER. Feed with lower FCR and higher PER could help tilapia farmers in reducing feed cost, which accounted for the major portion of their production cost. This further enables them to achieve cost-effective, enhanced productivity and economic sustainability in a long run.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture/methods
  12. Nayak SB
    Adv Physiol Educ, 2006 Mar;30(1):48.
    PMID: 16481611
    Matched MeSH terms: Computer-Assisted Instruction/methods; Education, Medical/methods*; Teaching/methods*; Problem-Based Learning/methods*
  13. Ayob KA, Merican AM, Sulaiman SH, Hariz Ramli AR
    Jt Dis Relat Surg, 2021;32(1):239-244.
    PMID: 33463444 DOI: 10.5606/ehc.2021.77862
    Injuries to the pelvic vasculature during total hip arthroplasties are rare but have serious consequence. They demand urgent and early identification so that appropriate treatment can be instituted. If the bleeding is severe, cardiovascular compromise occurs intraoperatively and this will alert the surgeon of this possibility during acetabular screw placement. Alternatively, a delay in diagnosis can occur because the bleeding and the injured vessel are in the pelvic cavity and not visualized during the surgery. In this article, we report two cases from our center occurring within a six-month interval that sustained a vascular injury during acetabular drilling for screw placement for cementless cup fixation. Each case had a different vessel injury and different lessons can be learned from these rare injuries. The first case had an injury of the inferior gluteal artery following a breach of the sciatic notch. The vessel was treated with percutaneous embolization. The second case demonstrated a venous injury, following a medial protrusio technique for congenital hip dysplasia and a short anterosuperior screw, transecting the external iliac vein. This was subsequently repaired using an endovascular technique. We conclude the reasons for these vessel injuries after analyzing advanced imaging, discuss measures to avoid vessel injury and detail the minimally invasive method for their treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Embolization, Therapeutic/methods*; Preoperative Care/methods; Risk Adjustment/methods; Endovascular Procedures/methods*
  14. Suriani NS, Hussain A, Zulkifley MA
    Sensors (Basel), 2013 Aug 05;13(8):9966-98.
    PMID: 23921828 DOI: 10.3390/s130809966
    Event recognition is one of the most active research areas in video surveillance fields. Advancement in event recognition systems mainly aims to provide convenience, safety and an efficient lifestyle for humanity. A precise, accurate and robust approach is necessary to enable event recognition systems to respond to sudden changes in various uncontrolled environments, such as the case of an emergency, physical threat and a fire or bomb alert. The performance of sudden event recognition systems depends heavily on the accuracy of low level processing, like detection, recognition, tracking and machine learning algorithms. This survey aims to detect and characterize a sudden event, which is a subset of an abnormal event in several video surveillance applications. This paper discusses the following in detail: (1) the importance of a sudden event over a general anomalous event; (2) frameworks used in sudden event recognition; (3) the requirements and comparative studies of a sudden event recognition system and (4) various decision-making approaches for sudden event recognition. The advantages and drawbacks of using 3D images from multiple cameras for real-time application are also discussed. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research directions in sudden event recognition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods*; Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods*; Photography/methods*; Video Recording/methods*
  15. Bahadoran M, Noorden AF, Chaudhary K, Mohajer FS, Aziz MS, Hashim S, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2014;14(7):12885-99.
    PMID: 25046015 DOI: 10.3390/s140712885
    A new photonics biosensor configuration comprising a Double-side Ring Add-drop Filter microring resonator (DR-ADF) made from SiO2-TiO2 material is proposed for the detection of Salmonella bacteria (SB) in blood. The scattering matrix method using inductive calculation is used to determine the output signal's intensities in the blood with and without presence of Salmonella. The change in refractive index due to the reaction of Salmonella bacteria with its applied antibody on the flagellin layer loaded on the sensing and detecting microresonator causes the increase in through and dropper port's intensities of the output signal which leads to the detection of SB in blood. A shift in the output signal wavelength is observed with resolution of 0.01 nm. The change in intensity and shift in wavelength is analyzed with respect to the change in the refractive index which contributes toward achieving an ultra-high sensitivity of 95,500 nm/RIU which is almost two orders higher than that of reported from single ring sensors and the limit of detection is in the order of 1 × 10(-8) RIU. In applications, such a system can be employed for a high sensitive and fast detection of bacteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Equipment Design/methods*; Refractometry/methods; Biosensing Techniques/methods*; Equipment Failure Analysis/methods; Nanotechnology/methods; Optics and Photonics/methods
  16. Kahaki SMM, Arshad H, Nordin MJ, Ismail W
    PLoS One, 2018;13(7):e0200676.
    PMID: 30024921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200676
    Image registration of remotely sensed imagery is challenging, as complex deformations are common. Different deformations, such as affine and homogenous transformation, combined with multimodal data capturing can emerge in the data acquisition process. These effects, when combined, tend to compromise the performance of the currently available registration methods. A new image transform, known as geometric mean projection transform, is introduced in this work. As it is deformation invariant, it can be employed as a feature descriptor, whereby it analyzes the functions of all vertical and horizontal signals in local areas of the image. Moreover, an invariant feature correspondence method is proposed as a point matching algorithm, which incorporates new descriptor's dissimilarity metric. Considering the image as a signal, the proposed approach utilizes a square Eigenvector correlation (SEC) based on the Eigenvector properties. In our experiments on standard test images sourced from "Featurespace" and "IKONOS" datasets, the proposed method achieved higher average accuracy relative to that obtained from other state of the art image registration techniques. The accuracy of the proposed method was assessed using six standard evaluation metrics. Furthermore, statistical analyses, including t-test and Friedman test, demonstrate that the method developed as a part of this study is superior to the existing methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Image Enhancement/methods; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods*; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods*; Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods*; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods; Satellite Imagery/methods*
  17. Khayoon WS, Saad B, Salleh B, Ismail NA, Abdul Manaf NH, Abdul Latiff A
    Anal Chim Acta, 2010 Oct 29;679(1-2):91-7.
    PMID: 20951862 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.008
    The development of a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence method for the determination of the mycotoxins fumonisin B(1) and fumonisin B(2) by using silica-based monolithic column is described. The samples were first extracted using acetonitrile:water (50:50, v/v) and purified by using a C(18) solid phase extraction-based clean-up column. Then, pre-column derivatization for the analyte using ortho-phthaldialdehyde in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol was carried out. The developed method involved optimization of mobile phase composition using methanol and phosphate buffer, injection volume, temperature and flow rate. The liquid chromatographic separation was performed using a reversed phase Chromolith(®) RP-18e column (100 mm × 4.6 mm) at 30 °C and eluted with a mobile phase of a mixture of methanol and phosphate buffer pH 3.35 (78:22, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1). The fumonisins separation was achieved in about 4 min, compared to approximately 20 min by using a C(18) particle-packed column. The fluorescence excitation and emission were at 335 nm and 440 nm, respectively. The limits of detections were 0.01-0.04 μg g(-1) fumonisin B(1) and fumonisin B(2), respectively. Good recoveries were found for spiked samples (0.1, 0.5, 1.5 μg g(-1) fumonisins B(1) and B(2)), ranging from 84.0 to 106.0% for fumonisin B(1) and from 81.0 to 103.0% for fumonisin B(2). Fifty-three samples were analyzed including 39 food and feeds and 14 inoculated corn and rice. Results show that 12.8% of the food and feed samples were contaminated with fumonisin B(1) (range, 0.01-0.51 μg g(-1)) and fumonisin B(2) (0.05 μg g(-1)). The total fumonisins in these samples however, do not exceed the legal limits established by the European Union of 0.8 μg g(-1). Of the 14 inoculated samples, 57.1% contained fumonisin B(1) (0.16-41.0 μg g(-1)) and fumonisin B(2) (range, 0.22-50.0 μg g(-1)). Positive confirmation of selected samples was carried out using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, using triple quadrupole analyzer and operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods; Fluorometry/methods; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods; Analytic Sample Preparation Methods/methods*; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase/methods*
  18. Wang J, Mahmood Q, Qiu JP, Li YS, Chang YS, Chi LN, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:617861.
    PMID: 25685798 DOI: 10.1155/2015/617861
    Palm oil is one of the most important agroindustries in Malaysia. Huge quantities of palm oil mill effluent (POME) pose a great threat to aqueous environment due to its very high COD. To make full use of discharged wastes, the integrated "zero discharge" pilot-scale industrial plant comprising "pretreatment-anaerobic and aerobic process-membrane separation" was continuously operated for 1 year. After pretreatment in the oil separator tank, 55.6% of waste oil in raw POME could be recovered and sold and anaerobically digested through 2 AnaEG reactors followed by a dissolved air flotation (DAF); average COD reduced to about 3587 mg/L, and biogas production was 27.65 times POME injection which was used to generate electricity. The aerobic effluent was settled for 3 h or/and treated in MBR which could remove BOD3 (30°C) to less than 20 mg/L as required by Department of Environment of Malaysia. After filtration by UF and RO membrane, all organic compounds and most of the salts were removed; RO permeate could be reused as the boiler feed water. RO concentrate combined with anaerobic surplus sludge could be used as biofertilizer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Food-Processing Industry/methods*; Water Purification/methods*
  19. Arif AS, Mansor S, Logeswaran R, Karim HA
    J Med Syst, 2015 Feb;39(2):5.
    PMID: 25628161 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0200-z
    The massive number of medical images produced by fluoroscopic and other conventional diagnostic imaging devices demand a considerable amount of space for data storage. This paper proposes an effective method for lossless compression of fluoroscopic images. The main contribution in this paper is the extraction of the regions of interest (ROI) in fluoroscopic images using appropriate shapes. The extracted ROI is then effectively compressed using customized correlation and the combination of Run Length and Huffman coding, to increase compression ratio. The experimental results achieved show that the proposed method is able to improve the compression ratio by 400 % as compared to that of traditional methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods; Data Compression/methods*
  20. Adam A, Shapiai MI, Tumari MZ, Mohamad MS, Mubin M
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:973063.
    PMID: 25243236 DOI: 10.1155/2014/973063
    Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal peak detection is widely used in clinical applications. The peak point can be detected using several approaches, including time, frequency, time-frequency, and nonlinear domains depending on various peak features from several models. However, there is no study that provides the importance of every peak feature in contributing to a good and generalized model. In this study, feature selection and classifier parameters estimation based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) are proposed as a framework for peak detection on EEG signals in time domain analysis. Two versions of PSO are used in the study: (1) standard PSO and (2) random asynchronous particle swarm optimization (RA-PSO). The proposed framework tries to find the best combination of all the available features that offers good peak detection and a high classification rate from the results in the conducted experiments. The evaluation results indicate that the accuracy of the peak detection can be improved up to 99.90% and 98.59% for training and testing, respectively, as compared to the framework without feature selection adaptation. Additionally, the proposed framework based on RA-PSO offers a better and reliable classification rate as compared to standard PSO as it produces low variance model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Electroencephalography/methods*; Photic Stimulation/methods*
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