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Clinical trials of intravenous tetracycline in traumatic and orthopaedic cases from the orthopaedic unit, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur

Ismail AM

Med J Malaysia, 1963 Sep;18:59-63.
PMID: 14064300
The development of surgery in Malaysia

Ismail AM

J R Coll Surg Edinb, 1972 Mar;17(2):71-8.
PMID: 4553780
Fulltext Some aspects of traumatic dislocation of the hip

Ismail AM

Singapore Med J, 1964 Dec;5(4):206-7.
PMID: 14279415
Fulltext Spontaneous rectus sheath haematoma in pregnancy

Ramzisham ARM, Sagap I, Ismail AM

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Mar;58(1):125-7.
PMID: 14556338

Bleeding into the rectus sheath is an uncommon but a well-recognised condition that mimics several other diagnoses of acute abdomen. A wide range of etiology has been proposed in association with this condition. It is often self-limiting, but can lead to unnecessary laparotomy if the diagnosis is not recognised.
Fulltext Glomerulonephritis in Kelantan, Malaysia: a review of the histological pattern

Zainal D, Riduan A, Ismail AM, Norhayati O

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1995 Mar;26(1):149-53.
PMID: 8525403

Renal biopsy is essential in the management of renal parenchymal diseases. Thus far there is no publish report on the pattern of glomerulonephritis in Kelantan. We decided to establish the pattern of glomerulonephritis in Kelantan and use this information as our reference in future studies. Records of patients who had proven glomerulonephritis histologically were analysed. Their biological data, clinical presentation, etiology and clinicopathological pattern were studied. Where appropriate mean and standard deviation were calculated. A total of 74 biopsies were performed during the study period (between January 1991 and December 1993), out of which 72 biopsies (97.3%) were considered suitable for analysis. The male to female ratio was 1:1.1. Mean age at presentation was 27.6 +/- 12.2 years. Nephrotic syndrome was the commonest clinical presentation (65.3%). The main underlying cause was systemic lupus erythematosus (50%) followed by primary glomerulonephritis. Histologically, IgA nephropathy and minimal change disease were the main patterns among patients with primary glomerulonephritis while diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis was the commonest pattern among patients with lupus nephritis. Hence the pattern of glomerulonephritis is similar to other reported series. The procedure is considered safe and has a high success rate.
Health planning in the context of National Development Planning, Malaysia

Datuk TS, Ismail AM, Singh G

Med J Malaysia, 1973 Sep;28(1):3-7.
PMID: 4273782
Fulltext Rupture of patellar ligament after steroid infiltration. Report of a case.

Ismail AM, Balakrishnan R, Rajakumar MK

J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1969 Aug;51(3):503-5.
PMID: 5820795

A case of disruption of patellar ligament is described. An association with previous steroid infiltration is present in this case.
Fulltext Deep vein thrombosis as a rare presentation in a female with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis

Wan Ghazali WS, Mohammad N, Ismail AM

Arch Rheumatol, 2017 Jun;32(2):171-174.
PMID: 30375559 DOI: 10.5606/ArchRheumatol.2017.6108

This article aims to report a case of a young female patient with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis complicated with pulmonary renal syndrome, multiple relapses, and who later developed venous thromboembolism. Pulmonary renal syndrome is a well- recognized and lethal complication; however, incidence of venous thromboembolism has not been well-described. In this article, we described a 38-year-old Malay female patient admitted in 2008 with three-month history of peripheral neuropathy of lower limbs and right ankle ulcers. Initial inflammatory markers were high and perinuclear Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies were positive. She was diagnosed as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis and started on intravenous methylprednisolone with methotrexate. She presented with relapse of skin vasculitis complicated with pulmonary renal syndrome after being stable for one year. She was intubated and proceeded with plasmapheresis and hemodialysis. She completed six cycles of cyclophosphamide. Renal biopsy revealed chronic changes consistent with end stage renal disease. She further relapsed in 2011 with nasal blockage, epistaxis, and nasal deviation. Chest X-ray revealed lung nodules. Prednisolone was increased, her symptoms settled, and she was discharged with azathioprine. She was readmitted at the end of the same year due to two-day history of right deep vein thrombosis and she later succumbed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.
Tissue-clot-coagulum cell block in EBUS/TBNA specimen adequacy: A real world experience

Kho SS, Chan SK, Ismail AM, Tie ST

Diagn Cytopathol, 2022 Dec;50(12):583-585.
PMID: 36135808 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25056
Fulltext A perceptual bias for man-made objects in humans

Hussain Ismail AM, Solomon JA, Hansard M, Mareschal I

Proc Biol Sci, 2019 Nov 06;286(1914):20191492.
PMID: 31690239 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1492

Ambiguous images are widely recognized as a valuable tool for probing human perception. Perceptual biases that arise when people make judgements about ambiguous images reveal their expectations about the environment. While perceptual biases in early visual processing have been well established, their existence in higher-level vision has been explored only for faces, which may be processed differently from other objects. Here we developed a new, highly versatile method of creating ambiguous hybrid images comprising two component objects belonging to distinct categories. We used these hybrids to measure perceptual biases in object classification and found that images of man-made (manufactured) objects dominated those of naturally occurring (non-man-made) ones in hybrids. This dominance generalized to a broad range of object categories, persisted when the horizontal and vertical elements that dominate man-made objects were removed and increased with the real-world size of the manufactured object. Our findings show for the first time that people have perceptual biases to see man-made objects and suggest that extended exposure to manufactured environments in our urban-living participants has changed the way that they see the world.
Fulltext Holistic and featural processing's link to face recognition varies by individual and task

Leong BQZ, Estudillo AJ, Hussain Ismail AM

Sci Rep, 2023 Oct 06;13(1):16869.
PMID: 37803085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44164-w

While it is generally accepted that holistic processing facilitates face recognition, recent studies suggest that poor recognition might also arise from imprecise perception of local features in the face. This study aimed to examine to what extent holistic and featural processing relates to individual differences in face recognition ability (FRA), during face learning (Experiment 1) and face recognition (Experiment 2). Participants performed two tasks: (1) The "Cambridge Face Memory Test-Chinese" which measured participants' FRAs, and (2) an "old/new recognition memory test" encompassing whole faces (preserving holistic and featural processing) and faces revealed through a dynamic aperture (impairing holistic processing but preserving featural processing). Our results showed that participants recognised faces more accurately in conditions when holistic information was preserved, than when it is impaired. We also show that the better use of holistic processing during face learning and face recognition was associated with better FRAs. However, enhanced featural processing during recognition, but not during learning, was related to better FRAs. Together, our findings demonstrate that good face recognition depends on distinct roles played by holistic and featural processing at different stages of face recognition.
Fulltext Rare presentation of idiopathic duodenoduodenal intussusception

Loo GH, Mohamad Abu Zeid WM, Lim SL, Ismail AM

Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2017 Jul;99(6):e188-e190.
PMID: 28660832 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0104

Enteroenteric intussusception is a condition in which the full-thickness bowel wall becomes telescoped into the lumen of distal bowel. Intussusception in adult occurs infrequently and varies from childhood intussusception, particularly in its presentation, aetiology and treatment. Duodenoduodenal intussusception is rare because the duodenum is fixed in the retroperitoneal position. It usually occurs secondary to tumour, lipoma, Brunner's gland hamartomatous polyp or adenoma. The diagnosis in adults is usually made at laparotomy, where presentation is with intestinal obstruction. In non-emergency presentation, it may be difficult to arrive at an accurate diagnosis as symptoms may be vague, self-limiting intermittent abdominal pain. Clinical examinations and investigations may not be conclusive and another working diagnosis such as irritable bowel syndrome would be made. We describe a case where a patient initially presented with symptoms mimicking pancreatitis but his symptoms persisted over the course of 2 weeks. When a laparotomy was performed, duodenoduodenal intussusception was discovered and confirmed with histopathology. In this case, a discernible leading point could not be identified.
Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis-a rare lung disease-diagnosed by transbronchial cryobiopsy

Kho SS, Chai CS, Ho RL, Ismail AM, Tie ST

Lancet, 2023 Oct 14;402(10410):1356.
PMID: 37838440 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01906-2
Peripheral transbronchial needle aspiration-guided pinpoint cryobiopsy of lung nodule without bronchus sign: A case report

Kho SS, Nyanti LE, Chai CS, Kho SK, Ismail AM, Voon PJ, et al.

Respir Investig, 2023 Jul;61(4):473-477.
PMID: 37182371 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2023.04.003

Peripheral transbronchial needle aspiration (pTBNA) allows the access of pulmonary nodules without bronchus sign but is limited to cytological examination. A 39-year-old man with left parotid carcinoma presented with an incidental lung nodule. Target localisation was performed with manual airway mapping, virtual bronchoscopic navigation, and pTBNA. Direct target validation using radial endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS) was performed through the puncture defect. Targeted pinpoint biopsy with a 1.1 mm cryoprobe through the pTBNA puncture defect confirmed metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma. Guided pTBNA with rEBUS validation followed by cryobiopsy of lung nodules without bronchus sign is potentially feasible for histological and molecular analyses.
Fulltext Artificial Bee Colony algorithm in estimating kinetic parameters for yeast fermentation pathway

Ismail AM, Remli MA, Choon YW, Nasarudin NA, Ismail NN, Ismail MA, et al.

J Integr Bioinform, 2023 Jun 01;20(2).
PMID: 37341516 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2022-0051

Analyzing metabolic pathways in systems biology requires accurate kinetic parameters that represent the simulated in vivo processes. Simulation of the fermentation pathway in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetic model help saves much time in the optimization process. Fitting the simulated model into the experimental data is categorized under the parameter estimation problem. Parameter estimation is conducted to obtain the optimal values for parameters related to the fermentation process. This step is essential because insufficient identification of model parameters can cause erroneous conclusions. The kinetic parameters cannot be measured directly. Therefore, they must be estimated from the experimental data either in vitro or in vivo. Parameter estimation is a challenging task in the biological process due to the complexity and nonlinearity of the model. Therefore, we propose the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (ABC) to estimate the parameters in the fermentation pathway of S. cerevisiae to obtain more accurate values. A metabolite with a total of six parameters is involved in this article. The experimental results show that ABC outperforms other estimation algorithms and gives more accurate kinetic parameter values for the simulated model. Most of the estimated kinetic parameter values obtained from the proposed algorithm are the closest to the experimental data.
Fulltext KCO: Balancing class distribution in just-in-time software defect prediction using kernel crossover oversampling

Ismail AM, Ab Hamid SH, Abdul Sani A, Mohd Daud NN

PLoS One, 2024;19(4):e0299585.
PMID: 38603718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299585

The performance of the defect prediction model by using balanced and imbalanced datasets makes a big impact on the discovery of future defects. Current resampling techniques only address the imbalanced datasets without taking into consideration redundancy and noise inherent to the imbalanced datasets. To address the imbalance issue, we propose Kernel Crossover Oversampling (KCO), an oversampling technique based on kernel analysis and crossover interpolation. Specifically, the proposed technique aims to generate balanced datasets by increasing data diversity in order to reduce redundancy and noise. KCO first represents multidimensional features into two-dimensional features by employing Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA). KCO then divides the plotted data distribution by deploying spectral clustering to select the best region for interpolation. Lastly, KCO generates the new defect data by interpolating different data templates within the selected data clusters. According to the prediction evaluation conducted, KCO consistently produced F-scores ranging from 21% to 63% across six datasets, on average. According to the experimental results presented in this study, KCO provides more effective prediction performance than other baseline techniques. The experimental results show that KCO within project and cross project predictions especially consistently achieve higher performance of F-score results.
The heterogeneity of holistic processing profiles in developmental prosopagnosia: holistic processing is impaired but not absent

Leong BQZ, Hussain Ismail AM, Wong HK, Estudillo AJ

Cogn Neuropsychol, 2024 Jul 02.
PMID: 38953598 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2024.2371384

Although it is generally assumed that face recognition relies on holistic processing, whether face recognition deficits observed in Developmental Prosopagnosics (DPs) can be explained by impaired holistic processing is currently under debate. The mixed findings from past studies could be the consequence of DP's heterogeneous deficit nature and the use of different measures of holistic processing-the inversion, part-whole, and composite tasks-which showed a poor association among each other. The present study aimed to gain further insight into the role of holistic processing in DPs. Groups of DPs and neurotypicals completed three tests measuring holistic face processing and non-face objects (i.e., Navon task). At a group level, DPs showed (1) diminished, but not absent, inversion and part-whole effects, (2) comparable magnitudes of the composite face effect and (3) global precedence effect in the Navon task. However, single-case analyses showed that these holistic processing deficits in DPs are heterogeneous.
An improved hybrid of particle swarm optimization and the gravitational search algorithm to produce a kinetic parameter estimation of aspartate biochemical pathways

Ismail AM, Mohamad MS, Abdul Majid H, Abas KH, Deris S, Zaki N, et al.

Biosystems, 2017 Dec;162:81-89.
PMID: 28951204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2017.09.013

Mathematical modelling is fundamental to understand the dynamic behavior and regulation of the biochemical metabolisms and pathways that are found in biological systems. Pathways are used to describe complex processes that involve many parameters. It is important to have an accurate and complete set of parameters that describe the characteristics of a given model. However, measuring these parameters is typically difficult and even impossible in some cases. Furthermore, the experimental data are often incomplete and also suffer from experimental noise. These shortcomings make it challenging to identify the best-fit parameters that can represent the actual biological processes involved in biological systems. Computational approaches are required to estimate these parameters. The estimation is converted into multimodal optimization problems that require a global optimization algorithm that can avoid local solutions. These local solutions can lead to a bad fit when calibrating with a model. Although the model itself can potentially match a set of experimental data, a high-performance estimation algorithm is required to improve the quality of the solutions. This paper describes an improved hybrid of particle swarm optimization and the gravitational search algorithm (IPSOGSA) to improve the efficiency of a global optimum (the best set of kinetic parameter values) search. The findings suggest that the proposed algorithm is capable of narrowing down the search space by exploiting the feasible solution areas. Hence, the proposed algorithm is able to achieve a near-optimal set of parameters at a fast convergence speed. The proposed algorithm was tested and evaluated based on two aspartate pathways that were obtained from the BioModels Database. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperformed other standard optimization algorithms in terms of accuracy and near-optimal kinetic parameter estimation. Nevertheless, the proposed algorithm is only expected to work well in small scale systems. In addition, the results of this study can be used to estimate kinetic parameter values in the stage of model selection for different experimental conditions.
Survey on serum protein electrophoresis and recommendations for standardised reporting

Sthaneshwar P, Thambiah SC, Mat Salleh MJ, Nasuruddin DN, Ahmad Zabidi NF, Jelani AM, et al.

Malays J Pathol, 2021 Aug;43(2):281-290.
PMID: 34448792

INTRODUCTION: Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) is a well-established laboratory technique. However, reporting of results varies considerably between laboratories. The variation in reporting can cause confusion to the clinician with a potential of adversely impacting patient care. The purpose of the survey was to find out the variation in reporting and to prepare recommendations to the Malaysian laboratories based on the survey to reduce both the variation in reporting between laboratories and the risk of misinterpretation of reports.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine the extent of variation in reporting of protein electrophoresis results questionnaires were distributed to the pathologists of various laboratories in Malaysia regarding the method, quantification of paraprotein concentrations and immunoglobulin assays, and information regarding current laboratory electrophoresis practices.
RESULTS: Variation was found in the following reporting practices: (a) screening protocol; (b) reporting of serum albumin; (c) numerical reporting of protein fractions and paraprotein; (d) co-migration of a paraprotein with a normal serum protein; (e) reporting of multiple paraprotein bands (f) appearance of small abnormal band and oligoclonal bands and (g) communication about of interferences.
CONCLUSION: The pathologists of the country made recommendations on the reporting of protein electrophoresis. Harmonised reporting will reduce inconsistency, variation in reporting, improve the quality of the report and most importantly improve patient care.
Fulltext A Low-Profile Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array for OAM Waves Generation at 5G NR Bands

Abd Rahman NA, Noor SK, Ibrahim IM, Yasin MNM, Ismail AM, Osman MN, et al.

Micromachines (Basel), 2023 Apr 13;14(4).
PMID: 37421074 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040841

This paper presents the generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves with mode +1 using dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array. The proposed antenna was designed and fabricated using FR-4 substrate to generate OAM mode +1 at 3.56 GHz (5G new radio band). The proposed antenna consists of 2 × 2 rectangular DRA array, a feeding network, and four cross slots etched on the ground plane. The proposed antenna succeeded in generating OAM waves; this was confirmed by the measured radiation pattern (2D polar form), simulated phase distribution, and intensity distribution. Moreover, mode purity analysis was carried out to verify the generation of OAM mode +1, and the purity obtained was 53.87%. The antenna operates from 3.2 to 3.66 GHz with a maximum gain of 7.3 dBi. Compared with previous designs, this proposed antenna is low-profile and easy to fabricate. In addition, the proposed antenna has a compact structure, wide bandwidth, high gain, and low losses, thus meeting the requirements of 5G NR applications.

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