Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 52 in total

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  1. Mohd Jamil A., Md Kamal F., Kathreena Kadir
    Ann Dent, 2017;24(1):1-9.
    MyJurnal
    This study aimed to determine the incidence, aetiology, types of injury, management and the outcomes of
    the treatment of maxillofacial trauma among paediatric patients treated in Faculty of Dentistry, University of
    Malaya. A retrospective study (2005-2015) was carried out which involved retrieving past records (manual/
    electronic form) of paediatric patients (under 16 years old) who presented with maxillofacial trauma. Data
    collected was organized using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 12.0.1. The total number of patients
    was 120 but only 93 had complete records. The ratio of boys to girls was 2:1. The main cause of injury
    was falling (54%) followed by motor-vehicle accident (MVA) (42%), assault (3%), and sport (1%). The total
    count of soft tissue injury only was about 41% while 59% presented with maxillofacial fracture. Midface
    were the most common fracture occurred followed by mandibular fractures. Both fractures were mostly
    managed by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using non-resorbable plates except for condylar
    fractures which were mostly managed conservatively. In conclusion, the incidence of maxillofacial trauma
    in children increased within the time frame of this study. The most common aetiology was fall. Hard tissue
    injury accounting for most of the cases whereby midface was the most common site involved. ORIF was the
    treatment of choice for most of the fracture cases except for condylar fractures (conservative management).
    All patients had achieved reasonable outcomes postoperatively in terms of form and functions.
  2. Muthupalaniappen L, Jamil A
    Malays Fam Physician, 2021 Jul 22;16(2):19-26.
    PMID: 34386160 DOI: 10.51866/rv1141
    This article provides information on allergy testing and serves as a simple guide for physicians who are considering using allergy testing as a step in patient management. Basic principles of allergy testing, indications for testing, and how and when to choose a suitable allergy test are discussed. Allergy testing in general refers to evaluation of either type I or type IV hypersensitivity reactions. The type I (immediate) reaction is evaluated using the skin prick test (in vivo) or serum IgE (in vitro) test methods, while the type IV (delayed) reaction is determined via the skin patch test method. The allergens responsible for a specific reaction can be identified from allergy testing, and this information is useful in administering avoidance measures. Appropriate treatment of allergic reactions along with allergen avoidance ensure a successful treatment outcome and prevent future reactions.
  3. Ablat A, Mohamad J, Awang K, Shilpi JA, Arya A
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:786130.
    PMID: 24688431 DOI: 10.1155/2014/786130
    The ethanol extract of B. javanica seed was fractionated with solvents of different polarities and tested for antioxidant activities by several assays including DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ferrous ion chelating activity (FCA), and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (NORSA) along with their polyphenolic contents. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using a glycogen phosphorylase α (GPα) inhibition assay and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in nondiabetic rats. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), rich in tannin, exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities to DPPH, FRAP, and NORSA, except for FCA. The EAF also exerted a dose-depended inhibition of GPα (IC50 = 0.75 mg/ml). Further evaluation of hypoglycemic effect on OGGT indicated that rats treated with EAF (125 mg/kg bw) showed a 39.91% decrease (P < 0.05) in blood glucose levels at 30 min, and continuous fall (P < 0.05) of 28.89% and 20.29% was observed in the following hours (60 and 90 min) compared to the normal control during OGTT. The EAF was applied to polyamide column chromatography, and the resulting tannin-free fraction was tested for both GPα inhibition and antioxidant (DPPH only) activity. The GP α inhibitory activity was retained, while antioxidant activity was lost (4.6-fold) after tannin removal. These results concluded that the GPα inhibitory activity initially detected was primarily due to the compounds other than tannins, whereas antioxidant activity was mainly due to the tannins.
  4. Saha S, Islam MK, Shilpi JA, Hasan S
    PMID: 25505656 DOI: 10.1186/2193-9616-1-11
    Angiogenesis, or new blood vessel formation from existing one, plays both beneficial and detrimental roles in living organisms in different aspects. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a signal protein, well established as key regulator of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. VEGF ensures oxygen supply to the tissues when blood supply is not adequate, or tissue environment is in hypoxic condition. Limited expression of VEGF is necessary, but if it is over expressed, then it can lead to serious disease like cancer. Cancers that have ability to express VEGF are more efficient to grow and metastasize because solid cancers cannot grow larger than a limited size without adequate blood and oxygen supply. Anti-VEGF drugs are already available in the market to control angiogenesis, but they are often associated with severe side-effects like fetal bleeding and proteinuria in the large number of patients. To avoid such side-effects, new insight is required to find potential compounds as anti-VEGF from natural sources. In the present investigation, molecular docking studies were carried out to find the potentiality of Withaferin A, a key metabolite of Withania somnifera, as an inhibitor of VEGF.
  5. Arumugam M, Leelavathi M, Harun NL, Jamil A
    Med J Malaysia, 2021 07;76(4):583-584.
    PMID: 34305124
    Cutaneous sporotrichosis (CS) presents as asymptomatic lesions of varied morphology. The most common variant is the lymphocutaneous type which typically progresses from a papule to an ulcer and then forms nodules along the superficial lymphatic channels. Diagnosis CS may be challenging when the lesion presents at an uncommon site where the superficial lymphatic drainage is unfamiliar. We present here a case of sporotrichosis of the abdominal wall which was initially misdiagnosed as an abscess but later confirmed by culture and managed successfully.
  6. Hisham AN, Gunn A, Jamil AA
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Sep;50(3):281-3.
    PMID: 8926911
  7. Jamil A, Lee YY, Thevarajah S
    Med Mycol, 2012 Jan;50(1):99-102.
    PMID: 21449695 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2011.571295
    Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis seen mainly in tropical regions. While malignant transformation rarely occurs, the present report describes a 69-year-old man with a 21-year history of chromoblastomycosis complicated by invasive squamous cell carcinoma requiring amputation of the affected limb. A review of previous reported cases shows malignancy arising after 20-30 years of infection in ≥60-year-old males who have received inadequate treatment of chromoblastomycosis and have had relapses. An immunocompromised state is not an associated feature of such cases. The extremities are commonly affected as carcinomas occur from the most chronic lesions which are generally found on these limbs.
  8. Arumugam M, Jamil A, Amiseno RA, Rosli N, Abdul Shukor N
    Malays J Pathol, 2020 Aug;42(2):277-281.
    PMID: 32860382
    INTRODUCTION: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy of the skin, with poor clinical outcomes. Typical conditions include a rapidly growing, solitary dome-shaped, violaceous nodule. Several root causes have been identified - sun exposure, age, lighter skin, immunocompromised state, and polyomavirus infection. Wide local excision is the best treatment. The tumour is radiotherapy-responsive. However, the success rate of the treatment with chemotherapy is rather limited. Immunotherapy has shown promising results. Early detection is important to prevent morbidity and mortality.

    CASE REPORT: In this literature work, we reported on a particular case of MCC, as exhibited by an 84-year-old Chinese woman, and discussed the clinical features and management of MCC.

    DISCUSSION: We highlighted that MCC cases have a link to the polyomavirus 5. Patients who were identified with the Polyomavirus 5, and underwent immunotherapy, were seen to depict much better prognosis.

  9. Jamil A, Mohd MI, Zain NM
    Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2018 Dec 01;182(4):413-418.
    PMID: 29767799 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy082
    After years of establishment of computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR), manufacturers have introduced exposure indicator/index (EI) as a feedback mechanism for patient dose. However, EI consistency is uncertain for CR. Most manufacturers recommended EI values in a range of numbers for all examination, instead of giving the exact range for a specific body part, raising a concern of inappropriate exposure given to the patient in clinical practice. The aims of this study were to investigate the EI consistency in DR systems produced in constant exposure parameters and clinical condition, and to determine the interaction between the anatomical part and EI. A phantom study of skull, chest, abdomen and hand was carried out and four systems were used for comparison-Fuji CR, Carestream CR, Siemens DR and Carestream DR. For each projection, the phantom positioning and exposure parameters were set according to the standard clinical practice. All exposure parameters and clinical conditions were kept constant. Twenty (20) exposures were taken for each projection and the EI was recorded. Findings showed that EI is not consistent in DR systems despite constant exposure parameters and clinical condition except in Siemens DR, through skull examination. Statistical analysis showed a significant interaction between anatomical parts and EI values (P < 0.05). EI alone was proven to be less reliable to provide technologist a correct feedback on exposure level. The interaction between anatomical parts and EI values intensifies the need for an anatomical-specific EI values set by all manufacturers for accurate feedback on the exposure parameters used and the detector entrance dose.
  10. Wong LC, Jamil A, Md Nor N
    Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 2018 Nov;34(6):400-404.
    PMID: 29953669 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12410
    BACKGROUND: Ethnicity, skin phototype and colour influenced minimal erythema dose (MED). Sun exposure has been postulated to increase MED. We determined immediate pigment darkening dose to UVA (IPDDA), MED and minimal melanogenic dose (MMD) for UVB and UVA, and investigated factors affecting these doses.

    METHODS: Skin phototype was determined using Fitzpatrick phototype quiz, DSMII ColorMeter measured skin colours, sun exposure quantified using an index (SEI) and phototest performed with MEDlight-Multitester.

    RESULTS: A total of 167 healthy volunteers participated. There were 110 (66%) females and 56 (34%) males; 124 (74.7%) were Malay, 27 (16.3%) Chinese and 14 (8.4%) Indians. One hundred and nine (65.7%) skin phototype IV, 30 (18.1%) phototype III and 27 (16.3%) phototype V. IPDDA ranges from 6 ± 1.5-5.7 ± 1.4 J/cm2 . MED-UVB were 96.9 ± 17.6, 124 ± 29.3 and 118.6 ± 27.4 mJ/cm2 for phototype III, IV and V, respectively. All MED-UVA were outside the tested dose range of 3.6-11 J/cm2 . MMD-UVB were 106 ± 18.2, 134 ± 25.6 and 136 ± 31.1 mJ/cm2 while MMD-UVA were 4.1 ± 4.1, 4.9 ± 3.8 and 5.7 ± 3.7 J/cm2 respectively for phototypes III, IV and V. MED-UVB, MMD-UVB and MMD-UVA did not depend on skin phototype. Facultative skin whiteness (L*), erythema (E) and melanin content (M) correlated significantly with MED-UVB while constitutive skin colours were significant for L*, yellowness (b*), E and M. Sun exposure did not significantly correlate with MED-UVB and MMDs, however, an inverse relationship with MED-UVB was demonstrated.

    CONCLUSION: Minimal erythema doses in our cohort were slightly different from other regional countries. Constitutive and facultative skin whiteness, erythema and melanin content correlated with MED. There was no association between skin phototype and sun exposure with MED or MMD.

  11. Islam MK, Saha S, Mahmud I, Mohamad K, Awang K, Jamal Uddin S, et al.
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2014 Feb 3;151(2):921-30.
    PMID: 24342778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.056
    Madhupur forest area, Tangail is one of early human settlements in Bangladesh. Having abode in the vicinity of the forest, a strong ethnobotanical practice has prevailed in this area since ancient time. Due to the rapid deforestation during the last few decades, many plants have already disappeared or are facing extinction. Thus we attempted to document the medicinal plant use of Madhupur forest area with a view to preserve the ethnobotanical knowledge and in order to protect the biodiversity of this area.
  12. Ismail NA, Saharan WS, Zaleha MA, Jaafar R, Muhammad JA, Razi ZR
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2008 Jun;34(3):350-3.
    PMID: 18686348
    AIM: To compare the success, clinical outcomes, and maternal and neonatal complications between the Kiwi Omnicup and the Malmstrom metal cup in vacuum assisted delivery.

    METHODS: This was a prospective randomized comparative trial. Women who required vacuum assisted vaginal delivery were randomized into the Kiwi Omnicup (KO) group and the Malmstrom metal cup (MM) group. The vacuum assisted deliveries were conducted according to hospital protocol. Details of the procedure and delivery outcomes including success and complications were analyzed.

    RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-four women were recruited - 85 were assigned to vacuum assisted delivery using the KO and 79 the MM. One hundred percent delivery success was achieved with no significant differences between the two instruments in terms of maternal morbidity (P = 0.66). Six women in the MM group sustained post delivery complications in comparison to five in the KO group. Three babies were diagnosed with birth asphyxia in each group. More babies in the MM group were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (10 babies versus 5 babies) and suffered complications (14 versus 12 babies), compared to the KO group, although the difference was not statistically significant. There were no intrapartum or neonatal deaths and of those admitted to the NICU, all were discharged within a week without any serious consequences.

    CONCLUSION: Kiwi Omnicup is an effective alternative to the currently available Malmstrom metal cup for vacuum assisted delivery with no increase in maternal or neonatal morbidity or mortality.

  13. Shilpi JA, Saha S, Chong SL, Nahar L, Sarker SD, Awang K
    Chem Biodivers, 2016 May;13(5):483-503.
    PMID: 26970405 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400373
    Chisocheton is one of the genera of the family Meliaceae and consists of ca. 53 species; the distribution of most of those are confined to the Indo-Malay region. Species of broader geographic distribution have undergone extensive phytochemical investigations. Previous phytochemical investigations of this genus resulted in the isolation of mainly limonoids, apotirucallane, tirucallane, and dammarane triterpenes. Reported bioactivities of the isolated compounds include cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimalarial, antimycobacterial, antifeedant, and lipid droplet inhibitory activities. Aside from chemistry and biological activities, this review also deals briefly with botany, distribution, and uses of various species of this genus.
  14. Lee SX, Lim HN, Ibrahim I, Jamil A, Pandikumar A, Huang NM
    Biosens Bioelectron, 2017 Mar 15;89(Pt 1):673-680.
    PMID: 26718548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.030
    In this study, a disposable and simple electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. In this method, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were mixed with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to modify the surface of screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE). Initially, AgNPs-rGO modified-SPEs were fabricated by using simple electrochemical deposition method. Then the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was immobilized between the primary antibody and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody onto AgNPs-rGO modified-SPEs to fabricate a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor. The proposed method could detect the CEA with a linear range of 0.05-0.50µgmL-1 and a detection limit down to 0.035µgmL-1 as compared to its non-sandwich counterpart, which yielded a linear range of 0.05-0.40µgmL-1, with a detection limit of 0.042µgmL-1. The immunosensor showed good performance in the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen, exhibiting a simple, rapid and low-cost. The immunosensor showed a higher sensitivity than an enzymeless sensor.
  15. Muthupalaniappen L, Siti Aishah MA, Wong YP, Jamil A
    Clin Ter, 2013 May-Jun;164(3):225-7.
    PMID: 23868624 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1553
    Animal inflicted wounds, left untreated may result in chronic bacterial or fungal infection. Clinical features of these infections may overlap leading to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of chronic non-healing cat bite wound treated with several antibiotics without improvement. Later patient developed the classical "sporotrichoid spread" and a presumptive diagnosis of sporotrichosis was made. Laboratory investigation for fungal culture and skin biopsy failed to identify the underlying pathogen. A trial of oral antifungal agent resulted in complete recovery of the lesions implicating fungus as the causative pathogen. Physicians should have a high index of suspicion for fungal infections when managing animal inflicted wounds.
  16. Ramli R, Malik AS, Hani AF, Jamil A
    Skin Res Technol, 2012 Feb;18(1):1-14.
    PMID: 21605170 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00542.x
    INTRODUCTION: This paper presents a comprehensive review of acne grading and measurement. Acne is a chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous units, with excess sebum production, follicular epidermal hyperproliferation, inflammation and Propionibacterium acnes activity. Most patients are affected with acne vulgaris, which is the prevalent type of acne. Acne vulgaris consists of comedones (whitehead and blackhead), papules, pustules, nodules and cysts.
    OBJECTIVES: To review and identify the issues for acne vulgaris grading and computational assessment methods. To determine the future direction for addressing the identified issues.
    METHODS: There are two main methods of assessment for acne severity grading, namely, lesion counting and comparison of patient with a photographic standard. For the computational assessment method, the emphasis is on computational imaging techniques.
    RESULTS: Current acne grading methods are very time consuming and tedious. Generally, they rely on approximation for counting lesions and hence the assessment is quite subjective, with both inter and intra-observer variability. It is important to accurately assess acne grade to evaluate its severity as this influences treatment selection and assessment of response to therapy. This will further help in better disease management and more efficacious treatment.
    CONCLUSION: Semi-automated or automated methods based on computational imaging techniques should be devised for acne grade assessment.
  17. Zainal H, Jamil A, Md Nor N, Tang MM
    Skin Res Technol, 2020 Jan;26(1):91-98.
    PMID: 31535769 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12768
    BACKGROUND: Defective skin's acidic mantle is a component of atopic dermatitis (AD) pathophysiology. We mapped the skin pH and determine its relationship with transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration and disease severity.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving patients aged ≥18 years. Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) was assessed. Skin pH, TEWL and hydration were measured at 18 pre-determined sites.

    RESULTS: Forty-eight patients participated, 33(68.8%) females and 15(31.3%) males aged 28.46 ± 12.07 years. The overall skin pH was 5.32 ± 0.68 ranging from 5.16 ± 0.75 to 5.52 ± 0.59. The lowest pH 5.16 ± 0.75 was at anterior leg, popliteal fossae 5.18 ± 0.67, lower back 5.21 ± 0.64, forehead 5.22 ± 0.62, upper back 5.25 ± 0.65 and neck 5.26 ± 0.76. Highest pH was at the cheek 5.52 ± 0.59, anterior thigh 5.47 ± 0.68, dorsal arm 5.46 ± 0.68, volar arm 5.43 ± 0.67 and abdomen 5.39 ± 0.67. Lesional areas' pH (5.40 ± 0.13) was higher than nonlesional (5.27 ± 0.14), P = .01. pH at AD predilection sites was significantly lower non-predilection sites (5.26 ± 0.59 vs 5.34 ± 0.64). pH did not correlate with TEWL (r = .23, P = .12), EASI (r = .19, P = .20) and itch (r = .06, P = .70) but correlated with hydration r = -.33, P = .02.

    CONCLUSION: Skin pH was lower at AD predilection sites. There was no correlation between pH with AD severity and TEWL, pH correlated with hydration.

  18. Shaharir SS, Jamil A, Chua SH, Arumugam M, Rosli N
    Dermatol Ther, 2020 11;33(6):e14021.
    PMID: 32677247 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14021
    Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating chronic inflammatory skin disease. Biological therapy has revolutionized it's the treatment. Paradoxical HS occur with various biological and targeted agents. We report a patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who developed HS after 6 months of tofacitinib therapy. A comprehensive literature review identified 43 cases of paradoxical HS among patients on biological and targeted agents. Pooled analysis of the cases showed Crohn's disease 18(41.8%) and RA 9(20.9%) as commonest indications for biological therapy. Adalimumab 20(46.5%) followed by infliximab 9(20.9%) were the commonest offending agents. Duration of biological treatment prior to HS manifestation was 12(1-120) months. Smoking 21(48.8%) and overweight or obese 20(46.5%) were most frequent HS risk factors. Fourteen (32.6%) patients had a second paradoxical event, 11(25.6%) developed psoriasis and 4(9.3%) Crohn's disease. Presence of ≥1 risk factor for HS, continuation of the implicated biological agent and occurrence of more than one paradoxical event were factors associated with poor paradoxical HS outcome.
  19. Lai CCK, Md Nor N, Kamaruddin NA, Jamil A, Safian N
    Clin Exp Dermatol, 2021 Jan;46(1):58-64.
    PMID: 32619023 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14363
    BACKGROUND: Pruritus is common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and may lead to complex dermatological conditions if left untreated. Pruritus can be caused by increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and reduced skin hydration.

    AIMS: To compare TEWL and skin hydration in patients with DM and controls, and to investigate associations between TEWL and skin hydration with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), treatment, peripheral neuropathy (PN) and age in patients with diabetes.

    METHODS: This was a prospective, case-control study carried out at a tertiary medical centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. TEWL and skin hydration measurements were taken at six different body sites in both groups.

    RESULTS: In total, 146 patients (73 cases, 73 controls) were included (24 men and 49 women in each group). No significant difference in TEWL or skin hydration was seen between patients with DM and controls, but there were significant reductions in skin hydration in patients with DM who had FBS > 7 mmol/L (P  6.5% (P  1 U/kg/day (P  45 years old, there was a significant reduction in TEWL (P = 0.04) and hydration (P  8 mmol/L and increased in patients with higher insulin requirement.

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