Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 45 in total

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  1. Adverse drug event of hypokalaemia-induced cardiotoxicity secondary to the use of laxatives: A systematic review of case reports
    Khan S, Khan SU
    J Clin Pharm Ther, 2020 Oct;45(5):927-936.
    PMID: 32672366 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13204
    WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: The imbalance in serum potassium caused by laxatives can negatively affect the cardiovascular system, leading to life-threatening consequences. Our objective was to evaluate the reported evidence of adverse events related to the cardiac system due to laxative-induced hypokalaemia from case reports.

    METHODS: A systematic electronic literature search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Science Direct was conducted for the period 1995-2019. In these databases, search terms describing hypokalaemia and cardiotoxicity were combined with the term laxative use.

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Over the 23 years, 27 incidents were identified in 12 countries. There were 19 female and eight male patients, with ages ranging from 1 month to 93 years. The frequency of reported cases according to severity was the following: severe hypokalaemia 48%, moderate hypokalaemia 44.4% and mild hypokalaemia 7.4%. In 70% of patients, the effect of laxative on the heart was typical hypokalaemic electrographic changes, 7.4% showed abnormal changes in cardiac rhythm, whereas in 18.5%, the cardiotoxicity observed was a very serious kind. Two patients died due to severe cardiac effects.

    WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The laxatives-along with the involvement of some other contributing factors-caused mild-to-severe hypokalaemic cardiotoxicity. These factors were non-adherence of the patient to the recommended dosage, laxative abuse, drug-drug and drug-disease interactions, non-potassium electrolyte imbalances and the use of herbal laxatives. We recommend that laxatives and aggravating factors should be taken into account in the assessment of patients with suspected hypokalaemic cardiotoxicity.

  2. Fulltext Strength development of high-strength ductile concrete incorporating Metakaolin and PVA fibers
    Nuruddin MF, Khan SU, Shafiq N, Ayub T
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:387259.
    PMID: 24707202 DOI: 10.1155/2014/387259
    The mechanical properties of high-strength ductile concrete (HSDC) have been investigated using Metakaolin (MK) as the cement replacing material and PVA fibers. Total twenty-seven (27) mixes of concrete have been examined with varying content of MK and PVA fibers. It has been found that the coarser type PVA fibers provide strengths competitive to control or higher than control. Concrete with coarser type PVA fibers has also refined microstructure, but the microstructure has been undergone with the increase in aspect ratio of fibers. The microstructure of concrete with MK has also more refined and packing of material is much better with MK. PVA fibers not only give higher stiffness but also showed the deflection hardening response. Toughness Index of HSDC reflects the improvement in flexural toughness over the plain concrete and the maximum toughness indices have been observed with 10% MK and 2% volume fraction of PVA fibers.
  3. Fulltext Effects of different mineral admixtures on the properties of fresh concrete
    Khan SU, Nuruddin MF, Ayub T, Shafiq N
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:986567.
    PMID: 24701196 DOI: 10.1155/2014/986567
    This paper presents a review of the properties of fresh concrete including workability, heat of hydration, setting time, bleeding, and reactivity by using mineral admixtures fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), metakaolin (MK), and rice husk ash (RHA). Comparison of normal and high-strength concrete in which cement has been partially supplemented by mineral admixture has been considered. It has been concluded that mineral admixtures may be categorized into two groups: chemically active mineral admixtures and microfiller mineral admixtures. Chemically active mineral admixtures decrease workability and setting time of concrete but increase the heat of hydration and reactivity. On the other hand, microfiller mineral admixtures increase workability and setting time of concrete but decrease the heat of hydration and reactivity. In general, small particle size and higher specific surface area of mineral admixture are favourable to produce highly dense and impermeable concrete; however, they cause low workability and demand more water which may be offset by adding effective superplasticizer.
  4. Naturally Occurring HMGB1 Inhibitor, Glycyrrhizin, Modulates Chronic Seizures-Induced Memory Dysfunction in Zebrafish Model
    Paudel YN, Khan SU, Othman I, Shaikh MF
    ACS Chem Neurosci, 2021 09 15;12(18):3288-3302.
    PMID: 34463468 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00825
    Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a well-known pharmacological inhibitor of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and is abundantly present in the licorice root (Glycyrrhiza radix). HMGB1 protein, a key mediator of neuroinflammation, has been implicated in several neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Epilepsy is a devastating neurological disorder with no effective disease-modifying treatment strategies yet, suggesting a pressing need for exploring novel therapeutic options. In the current investigation, using a second hit pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced chronic seizure model in adult zebrafish, regulated mRNA expression of HMGB1 was inhibited by pretreatment with GL (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, ip). A molecular docking study suggests that GL establishes different binding interactions with the various amino acid chains of HMGB1 and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). Our finding suggests that GL pretreatment reduces/suppresses second hit PTZ induced seizure, as shown by the reduction in the seizure score. GL also regulates the second hit PTZ induced behavioral impairment and rescued second hit PTZ related memory impairment as demonstrated by an increase in the inflection ratio (IR) at the 3 h and 24 h T-maze trial. GL inhibited seizure-induced neuronal activity as demonstrated by reduced C-fos mRNA expression. GL also modulated mRNA expression of BDNF, CREB-1, and NPY. The possible mechanism underlying the anticonvulsive effect of GL could be attributed to its anti-inflammatory activity, as demonstrated by the downregulated mRNA expression level of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-kB, and TNF-α. Overall, our finding suggests that GL exerts an anticonvulsive effect and ameliorates seizure-related memory disruption plausibly through regulating of the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-kB axis.
  5. MRI Imaging, Comparison of MRI with other Modalities, Noise in MRI Images and Machine Learning Techniques for Noise Removal: A Review
    Khan SU, Ullah N, Ahmed I, Ahmad I, Mahsud MI
    Curr Med Imaging Rev, 2019;15(3):243-254.
    PMID: 31989876 DOI: 10.2174/1573405614666180726124952
    BACKGROUND: Medical imaging is to assume greater and greater significance in an efficient and precise diagnosis process.

    DISCUSSION: It is a set of various methodologies which are used to capture internal or external images of the human body and organs for clinical and diagnosis needs to examine human form for various kind of ailments. Computationally intelligent machine learning techniques and their application in medical imaging can play a significant role in expediting the diagnosis process and making it more precise.

    CONCLUSION: This review presents an up-to-date coverage about research topics which include recent literature in the areas of MRI imaging, comparison with other modalities, noise in MRI and machine learning techniques to remove the noise.

  6. Fulltext Correction of failure in linear antenna arrays with greedy sparseness constrained optimization technique
    Khan SU, Rahim MKA, Aminu-Baba M, Murad NA
    PLoS One, 2017;12(12):e0189240.
    PMID: 29253852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189240
    This paper proposes the correction of faulty sensors using a synthesis of the greedy sparse constrained optimization GSCO) technique. The failure of sensors can damage the radiation power pattern in terms of sidelobes and nulls. The synthesis problem can recover the wanted power pattern with reduced number of sensors into the background of greedy algorithm and solved with orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) technique. Numerical simulation examples of linear arrays are offered to demonstrate the effectiveness of getting the wanted power pattern with a reduced number of antenna sensors which is compared with the available techniques in terms of sidelobes level and number of nulls.
  7. Fulltext Multimodal medical image fusion in NSST domain with structural and spectral features enhancement
    Khan SU, Khan F, Ullah S, YoungmoonLee, Sami ulQudoos, Lee B
    Heliyon, 2023 Jun;9(6):e17334.
    PMID: 37416636 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17334
    For the past 25 years, medical imaging has been extensively used for clinical diagnosis. The main difficulties in medicine are accurate disease recognition and improved therapy. Using a single imaging modality to diagnose disease is challenging for clinical personnel. In this paper, a novel structural and spectral feature enhancement method in NSST Domain for multimodal medical image fusion (MMIF) is proposed. Initially, the proposed method uses the Intensity, Hue, Saturation (IHS) method to generate two pairs of images. The input images are then decomposed using the Non-Subsampled Shearlet Transform (NSST) method to obtain low frequency and high frequency sub-bands. Next, a proposed Structural Information (SI) fusion strategy is employed to Low Frequency Sub-bands (LFS's). It will enhance the structural (texture, background) information. Then, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed as a fusion rule to High Frequency Sub-bands (HFS's) to obtain the pixel level information. Finally, the fused final image is obtained by employing inverse NSST and IHS. The proposed algorithm was validated using different modalities containing 120 image pairs. The qualitative and quantitative results demonstrated that the algorithm proposed in this research work outperformed numerous state-of-the-art MMIF approaches.
  8. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies for the discovery of novel neuraminidase inhibitors
    Lotfi B, Mebarka O, Khan SU, Htar TT
    J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2023 Jun 19.
    PMID: 37334701 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2225007
    The in silico evaluation of 27 p-aminosalicylic acid derivatives, also referred to as neuraminidase inhibitors was the focus of the current study. To search and predict new potential neuraminidase inhibitors, this study was based on the ligand-based pharmacophore modeling, 3D QSAR, molecular docking, ADMET and MD simulation studies. The data was generated from recently reported inhibitors and divided into two groups, one of these group has 17 compounds for training and the second group has 10 compounds for testing purpose. The generated pharmacophore has known as ADDPR_4 was found statistically significant 3D-QSAR model owing the high trust scores (R2 = 0.974, Q2 = 0.905, RMSE = 0.23). Morever external validation was also employed to evaluate the prediction capacity of the built pharmacophore model (R2pred = 0.905). In addition, in silico ADMET, analyses were employed to evaluate the obtained hits for drug likeness properties. The stability of formed complexes was further evaluated using molecular dynamics. Top two hits showed stable complexes with Neuraminidase based on calculated total binding energy by MM-PBSA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
  9. Identification of dual active sites in Caenorhabditis elegans GANA-1 protein: an ortholog of the human α-GAL a and α-NAGA enzymes
    Cheong CSY, Khan SU, Ahmed N, Narayanan K
    J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2023 Jul;41(11):5261-5276.
    PMID: 35694994 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2084162
    Fabry disease (FD) is caused by a defective α-galactosidase A (α-GAL A) enzyme responsible for breaking down globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). To develop affordable therapeutics, more effort is needed to obtain insights into the underlying mechanism of FD and understanding human α-GAL A structure and function in related animal models. We adopted C. elegans as a model to elucidate the sequence and 3D structure of its GANA-1 enzyme and compared it to human α-GAL A. We constructed GANA-1 3D structure by homology modelling and validated the quality of the predicted GANA-1 structure, followed by computational docking of human ligands. The GANA-1 protein shared sequence similarities up to 42.1% with the human α-GAL A in silico and had dual active sites. GANA-1 homology modelling showed that 11 out of 13 amino acids in the first active site of GANA-1 protein overlapped with the human α-GAL A active site, indicating the prospect for substrate cross-reaction. Computational molecular docking using human ligands like Gb3 (first pocket), 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (second pocket), α-galactose (second pocket), and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (second pocket) showed negative binding energy. This revealed that the ligands were able to bind within both GANA-1 active sites, mimicking the human α-GAL A and α-NAGA enzymes. We identified human compounds with adequate docking scores, predicting robust interactions with the GANA-1 active site. Our data suggested that the C. elegans GANA-1 enzyme may possess structural and functional similarities to human α-GAL A, including an intrinsic capability to metabolize Gb3 deposits.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
  10. Fulltext Computational investigations of the binding mechanism of novel benzophenone imine inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer
    Shtaiwi A, Adnan R, Khairuddean M, Khan SU
    RSC Adv, 2019 Oct 31;9(61):35401-35416.
    PMID: 35541022 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04759j
    4-Hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT), the most common hormone used for the treatment of breast cancer, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) inhibitor that acts as an antagonist in breast tissue and a partial agonist in the endometrium. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of 4-OHT structure modification has not been well investigated to date. Herein, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations were performed to explore the mechanisms of the molecular interactions between newly designed benzophenone imines (BIs) and the three forms apo, antagonist and agonist of the human estrogen receptor hERα. The proposed inhibitors were designed by replacing the triarylethylene estrogenic scaffold found in 4-OHT with Schiff base triarylimine derivatives. The antiestrogen scaffold i.e. the O-alkyl side chain in 4-OHT was developed by incorporating an alanine amino acid side chain functionality into the triarylimine scaffold. Docking results reveal that the newly designed BIs bind to the hydrophobic open pocket of the apo and antagonist hERα conformations with higher affinity as compared to the natural and synthetic estrogen estradiol (E2) and 4-OHT. The analysis of the molecular dynamics simulation results based on six different systems of the best docked BI (5c) with hERα receptors demonstrates stable interactions, and the complex undergoes fewer conformational fluctuations in the open apo/antagonist hERα receptors as compared to the case of the closed agonist. In addition, the calculated binding free energies indicate that the main factor that contributes to the stabilization of the receptor-inhibitor complexes is hydrophobic interactions. This study suggests that the development of these Schiff base derivatives may be worth exploring for the preparation of new 4-OHT analogues.
  11. Driving behaviours, traffic risk and road safety: comparative study between Malaysia and Singapore
    Khan Su, Khalifah ZB, Munir Y, Islam T, Nazir T, Khan H
    Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot, 2015;22(4):359-67.
    PMID: 24974915 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2014.925938
    The present study aims to investigate differences in road safety attitude, driver behaviour and traffic risk perception between Malaysia and Singapore. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among a sample of Singaporean (n = 187) and Malaysian (n = 313) road users. The data was analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling applied to measure comparative fit indices of Malaysian and Singaporean respondents. The results show that the perceived traffic risk of Malaysian respondents is higher than Singaporean counterparts. Moreover, the structural equation modelling has confirmed perceived traffic risk performing the role of full mediation between perceived driving skills and perceived road safety for both the countries, while perceived traffic skills was found to perform the role of partial mediation between aggression and anxiety, on one hand, and road safety, on the other hand, in Malaysia and Singapore. In addition, in both countries, a weak correlation between perceived driving skills, aggression and anxiety with perceived road safety was found, while a strong correlation exists with traffic risk perception. The findings of this study have been discussed in terms of theoretical, practical and conceptual implications for both scholars and policy-makers to better understand the young drivers' attitude and behaviour relationship towards road safety measures with a view to future research.
  12. Fulltext A preliminary investigation of user perception and behavioral intention for different review types: customers and designers perspective
    Qazi A, Raj RG, Tahir M, Waheed M, Waheed M, Khan SU, et al.
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:872929.
    PMID: 24711739 DOI: 10.1155/2014/872929
    Existing opinion mining studies have focused on and explored only two types of reviews, that is, regular and comparative. There is a visible gap in determining the useful review types from customers and designers perspective. Based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and statistical measures we examine users' perception about different review types and its effects in terms of behavioral intention towards using online review system. By using sample of users (N = 400) and designers (N = 106), current research work studies three review types, A (regular), B (comparative), and C (suggestive), which are related to perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention. The study reveals that positive perception of the use of suggestive reviews improves users' decision making in business intelligence. The results also depict that type C (suggestive reviews) could be considered a new useful review type in addition to other types, A and B.
  13. Fulltext Corrigendum to "A preliminary investigation of user perception and behavioral intention for different review types: customers and designers perspective"
    Qazi A, Raj RG, Tahir M, Waheed M, Khan SU, Abraham A
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2015;2015:258150.
    PMID: 25945359 DOI: 10.1155/2015/258150
  14. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1: homology modeling approaches and application in screening new GPER-1 modulators
    Khan SU, Ahemad N, Chuah LH, Naidu R, Htar TT
    J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2020 Nov 08.
    PMID: 33164654 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1844059
    G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to the largest family of protein targets comprising over 800 members in which at least 500 members are the therapeutic targets. Among the GPCRs, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER-1) has shown to have the ability in estrogen signaling. As GPER-1 plays a critical role in several physiological responses, GPER-1 has been considered as a potential therapeutic target to treat estrogen-based cancers and other non-communicable diseases. However, the progress in the understanding of GPER-1 structure and function is relatively slow due to the availability of a only a few selective GPER-1 modulators. As with many GPCRs, the X-ray crystal structure of GPER-1 is yet to be resolved and thus has led the researchers to search for new GPER-1 modulators using homology models of GPER-1. In this review, we aim to summarize various approaches used in the generation of GPER-1 homology model and their applications that have resulted in new GPER-1 ligands.
  15. Natural bioactive compounds as a new source of promising G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) modulators: comprehensive in silico approach
    Khan SU, Ahemad N, Chuah LH, Naidu R, Htar TT
    J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2020 Oct 15.
    PMID: 33054574 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1830853
    Cancer ranks in second place among the cause of death worldwide. Cancer progress in multiple stages of carcinogenesis and metastasis programs through complex pathways. Sex hormones and their receptors are the major factors in promoting cancer progression. Among them, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER) has shown to mediate cellular signaling pathways and cancer cell proliferation. However, the lack of GPER protein structure limited the search for new modulators. In this study, we curated an extensive database of natural products to discover new potential GPER modulators. We used a combination of virtual screening techniques to generate a homology model of GPER and subsequently used that for the screening of 30,926 natural products from a public database to identify potential active modulators of GPER. The best hits were further screened through the ADMET filter and confirmed by docking analysis. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations of best hits were also carried out to assess the stability of the ligand-GPER complex. This study predicted several potential GPER modulators with novel scaffolds that could be further investigated and used as the core for the development of novel GPER modulators.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
  16. Fulltext Isolation, Structure Elucidation and In Silico Prediction of Potential Drug-Like Flavonoids from Onosma chitralicum Targeted towards Functionally Important Proteins of Drug-Resistant Bad Bugs
    Khan SA, Khan SU, Fozia, Ullah N, Shah M, Ullah R, et al.
    Molecules, 2021 Apr 02;26(7).
    PMID: 33918531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072048
    Admittedly, the disastrous emergence of drug resistance in prokaryotic and eukaryotic human pathogens has created an urgent need to develop novel chemotherapeutic agents. Onosma chitralicum is a source of traditional medicine with cooling, laxative, and anthelmintic effects. The objective of the current research was to analyze the biological potential of Onosma chitralicum, and to isolate and characterize the chemical constituents of the plant. The crude extracts of the plant prepared with different solvents, such as aqueous, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol, were subjected to antimicrobial activities. Results corroborate that crude (methanol), EtoAc, and n-C6H14 fractions were more active against bacterial strains. Among these fractions, the EtoAc fraction was found more potent. The EtoAc fraction was the most active against the selected microbes, which was subjected to successive column chromatography, and the resultant compounds 1 to 7 were isolated. Different techniques, such as UV, IR, and NMR, were used to characterize the structures of the isolated compounds 1-7. All the isolated pure compounds (1-7) were tested for their antimicrobial potential. Compounds 1 (4',8-dimethoxy-7-hydroxyisoflavone), 6 (5,3',3-trihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavanone), and 7 (5',7,8-trihydroxy-6,3',4'-trimethoxyflavanone) were found to be more active against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhi. Compound 1 inhibited S. typhi and S. aureus to 10 ± 0.21 mm and 10 ± 0.45 mm, whereas compound 6 showed inhibition to 10 ± 0.77 mm and 9 ± 0.20 mm, respectively. Compound 7 inhibited S. aureus to 6 ± 0.36 mm. Compounds 6 and 7 showed significant antibacterial potential, and the structure-activity relationship also justifies their binding to the bacterial enzymes, i.e., beta-hydroxyacyl dehydratase (HadAB complex) and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. Both bacterial enzymes are potential drug targets. Further, the isolated compounds were found to be active against the tested fungal strains. Whereas docking identified compound 7, the best binder to the lanosterol 14α-demethylase (an essential fungal cell membrane synthesizing enzyme), reported as an antifungal fluconazole binding enzyme. Based on our isolation-linked preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) data, we conclude that O. chitralicum can be a good source of natural compounds for drug development against some potential enzyme targets.
  17. Polyphenolic profiling of Ipomoea carnea Jacq. by HPLC-DAD and its implications in oxidative stress and cancer
    Khan MZI, Zahra SS, Ahmed M, Fatima H, Mirza B, Haq IU, et al.
    Nat Prod Res, 2019 Jul;33(14):2099-2104.
    PMID: 29873254 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1482551
    Ipomoea carnea Jacq. is an important folklore medicinal plant, assessed for its underexplored biological potential. Antioxidant, cytotoxic, antiproliferative and polyphenolic profile of whole plant was evaluated using various techniques. Maximum extract recovery (29% w/w), phenolic [13.54 ± 0.27 μg GAE/mg dry weight (DW)] and flavonoid (2.11 ± 0.10 μg QE /mg DW) content were recorded in methanol-distilled water (1:1) flower extract. HPLC-DAD analysis quantified substantial amount of six different polyphenols ranging from 0.081 to 37.95 μg/mg extract. Maximum total antioxidant and reducing potential were documented in methanol-distilled water and acetone-distilled water flower extracts (42.62 ± 0.47 and 24.38 ± 0.39 μg AAE/mg DW) respectively. Ethanol-chloroform root extract manifested highest free radical scavenging (IC50 of 61.22 μg/mL) while 94.64% of the extracts showed cytotoxicity against brine shrimps. Ethanol leaf extract exhibited remarkable activity against THP-1 cell line (IC50 = 8 ± 0.05 μg/mL) and protein kinases (31 mm phenotype bald zone).
  18. Antidiabetic activities of chloroform fraction of Anthocleista vogelii Planch root bark in rats with diet- and alloxan-induced obesity-diabetes
    Anyanwu GO, Iqbal J, Khan SU, Zaib S, Rauf K, Onyeneke CE, et al.
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2018 Oct 18.
    PMID: 30342966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.021
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Anthocleista vogelii Planch is a medicinal plant traditionally used in West Africa for the management and treatment of diabetes mellitus.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine the antidiabetic activities of chloroform fraction (CF) of Anthocleista vogelii Planch root bark in rats with diet- and alloxan-induced obesity-diabetes.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inhibitory activities of CF against α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities were determined in vitro. Three weeks old rats were fed with high-fat diet for 9 weeks to induce obesity prior to further induction of diabetes using alloxan (150mg/kg body weight, i.p.). Blood glucose levels and body weight were measured every 7 days throughout the experiment. Glucose tolerance was assessed in normal and CF-treated rats on day 21. Terminal blood samples were collected from sacrificed animals for the measurement of serum insulin levels. Pancreases were excised from treated and untreated animals for histopathological examination.

    RESULTS: LCMS/MS chromatographic profile of CF via positive and negative modes revealed 13 and 23 compounds respectively. Further analysis revealed quebrachitol (QCT), loganin, sweroside, oleoside 11-methyl ester and ferulic acid, which have been previously reported for their antidiabetic activities, as constituents of CF. CF inhibited activities of α-amylase (IC50 = 51.60 ± 0.92µg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 5.86 ± 0.97µg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of animals with obesity-diabetes with 100 and 200mg/kg CF significantly improved glucose tolerance (P<0.001) and enhanced serum insulin levels (P<0.05) compared to diabetic control rats.

    CONCLUSIONS: Antidiabetic activities of CF might be mediated via inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, elevation of serum insulin concentration, and enhancement of insulin and leptin sensitivity in obesity-diabetes rats. This study further substantiates the traditional use of A. vogelii in the management and treatment of diabetes in Africa and encourages further studies to investigate its mechanism of action.

  19. Metabolites of the ellagitannin, geraniin inhibit human ACE; in vitro and in silico evidence
    Looi D, Goh BH, Khan SU, Ahemad N, Palanisamy UD
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2021 Jun;72(4):470-477.
    PMID: 33032478 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1830263
    Hypertension is defined as the persistence of elevated blood pressure in the circulation system. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a major modulator of blood pressure. Among the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, hypertension is the most preventable and treatable, with drugs such as ACE inhibitors. Many ACE inhibitors are known to have undesirable side effects and hence, natural alternatives are being sought. Dietary polyphenols, particularly ellagitannins, are derived from plant products and are known to exhibit a variety of bioactivities. Geraniin, an ellagitannin has been shown to have antihypertensive activity in animal experiments. It is speculated that the metabolites of geraniin are responsible for its ACE inhibitory activity. We have performed in vitro ACE inhibition and in silico studies with geraniin and its metabolites (ellagic acid, urolithins). Our studies confirm that ellagic acid exhibited similar inhibitory potential to ACE as the positive control captopril.
  20. Fulltext Experimental Study on Cementless PET Mortar with Marble Powder and Iron Slag as an Aggregate
    Khan SU, Rahim A, Md Yusoff NI, Khan AH, Tabassum S
    Materials (Basel), 2023 Jul 27;16(15).
    PMID: 37569974 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155267
    There has been an increase in plastic production during the past decades, yet the recycling of plastic remains relatively low. Incorporating plastic in concrete can mitigate environmental pollution. The use of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles as an aggregate weakens properties of concrete. An alternative is to use PET bottles as a binder in the mortar. The PET binder mixed with sand results in weak mortar. Marble and iron slag can enhance PET mortar properties by preventing alkali reactions. This study examines the mechanical and durability properties of PET mortar with different mixes. The mixes were prepared as plastic and marble (PM); plastic and iron slag (PI); plastic, sand, and marble (PSM); plastic, iron slag, and marble (PIM); and plastic, sand, and iron slag (PSI). PM with 30-45% plastic content had increased compressive and flexural strength up to 35.73% and 20.21%, respectively. PI with 30-35% plastic content showed strength improvements up to 29.19% and 5.02%, respectively. However, at 45% plastic content, strength decreased by 8.8% and 27.90%. PSM, PIM, and PSI specimens had nearly double the strength of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortar. The durability of PET mortar in chemical solutions, mainly 5% HCl and 20% NaOH, indicate that mass decreased after 3, 7, and 28 days. All specimens showed good resistance to HCl and NaCl solutions compared to OPC mortar. However, its resistance to NaOH is low compared to OPC mortar. PET mortar without cement showed higher strength and durability than cement mortar, making it suitable for paver tiles, drainage systems, and roads.
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