MyMedR

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 57 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Assessing the Immunomodulatory Activity of Ethanol Extract of Sambucus javanica Berries and Leaves in Chloramphenicol-Induced Aplastic Anemia Mouse Model

Putra WE, Rifa'i M

Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Jul;31(2):175-185.
PMID: 32922674 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.2.9

Aplastic anemia, life-threatened disease, is a hematologic disorder characterised by bone marrow hypoplasia. Multiple modalities such as bone marrow transplantation and immunosuppression treatment have been proposed to ameliorate this entity, however it remains ineffective. Sambucus, a group of herb plants, possesses a broad spectrum of medicinal properties such as antioxidant, insulin-like activity, anticancer and antiviral. However, the study about its activity toward aplastic anemia incidence is based on limited data. Thus, the research aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory activities of Sambucus javanica in chloramphenicol-induced anemia aplastic mouse model. In this present study, BALB/c mice were administrated with chloramphenicol (CMP) to induce aplastic anemia then followed by S. javanica extracts treatment. Additionally, cellular and molecular aspects were evaluated by flow cytometry and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Further analysis showed that S. javanica extracts could promote the population number of regulatory T-cells and naive cytotoxic T-cells. Moreover, those extract also reduced the inflammation and necrotic incidence in CMP-induced mouse aplastic anemia model. Together, these results suggest that S. javanica has therapeutically effect to aplastic anemia by altering the immune system as an immunomodulatory agent.
Fulltext Bilateral brachymetatarsia: a rare case report

Norliyana, M., Mohd Yazid, B., Abdul Muhaimin, A.

Medicine & Health, 2018;13(1):279-285.
MyJurnal

Brachymetatarsia is a conditioned which has been described as abnormal short metatarsal bone due to premature closure of the epiphyseal growth plate. It usually involves a single metatarsal bone with the fourth metatarsal being the most common. It may be congenital or acquired. We here report a case in a 53-yearold lady who presented with foot pain and shoe wearing problem. Examination revealed shortening of the bilateral fourth toe and the toes were tilted dorsally. She was diagnosed with bilateral brachymetatarsia and operation was done mainly for cosmetic reasons. Gradual lengthening with distraction osteogenesis was performed using a MiniRail external fixator (Orthofix) and K-wiring of the right fourth metatarsophalangeal joint. Adequate length of fourth metatarsal and good bony union were achieved at the end of treatment.
Fulltext Improving the percentage of platelet concentrates that meet platelet count standard

Norsuzilawati Abdullah, Noor Hamizah Mohd Hassan, Mohd Muhaimin Kambali

Q Bulletin, 2019;1(28):18-25.
MyJurnal

The platelet concentrates (PCs) is used for the treatment and prevention of bleeding in patients with reduced platelet number or function. The prepared platelet concentrates (PCs) must meet the specified quality control (QC) test standards. PCs that do not meet QC standards will reduce the efficacy of patient care and increase the need of repeated PC transfusion. According to the standards, at least 75% PCs tested should contain more than 60 x 109 per platelet count units. Hence, the objective of this study was to increase the percentage of PCs that meet the platelet count standard to more or equal to 75%.
A cross sectional study was conducted from May 2015 to March 2016. Data were collected and analysed through monthly PCs QC test results. A retrospective QC data review in March and April 2015 showed only 30% PCs achieved the platelet count standard for QC tests. Intervention package was implemented to tackle the identified risk factors that lead to platelet count problems that do not meet the standards.
The post remedial results showed an increase to 90% of PCs that meet platelet count standards in January to February 2016. The study also found that the rate of platelet count increment in patients after PCs transfusion increased from 5 x 109 per ml to 9 x 109 per ml after the study. Additionally, the repeated PC transfusion rate decreased from 22% to 18%. Achievements were successfully maintained after the study which was 89% in March to April 2017. Continuous monitoring need to be carried out to ensure the achievement remains in compliance with the established standards. This quality improvement method has facilitated successful platelet transfusion to patient by improving the quality and performance of PCs. The improvement strategies of this study have the potential to be implemented at other blood collection centers in order to improve the quality of healthcare services.
Fulltext The effect of water and citric acid on sago starch bio-plastics

Zuraida, A., Yusliza, Y., Anuar, H., Mohd Khairul Muhaimin, R.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(2):715-719.
MyJurnal

Starch is a biodegradable polymer produced in abundance from many renewable resources. This study examined the influence of citric acid (0-40% w/wt%) ) and water (0-40% w/wt%) as secondary additive and glycerol as plasticizer on the mechanical properties of bio-plastic starch (BPS) from Malaysian sago. The CA content varies from 0 to 40 w/wt% while water was also varied from 0 to 40 w/wt%. FT-IR spectroscopy showed that acid citric improve the properties of BPS and water give negative effects to the carbon hydrogenbond. It is obvious that the addition of the CA at 30 wt/wt% improve the mechanical property of BPS to more than 40% compare to the addition of water.
Fulltext Effects of the number of nozzles on acoustic signals produced by a ranque-hilsch vortex tube

Khairil Muhaimin Abd Rahman, Wirachman, Wisnoe, Valliyappan, David Natarajan

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(104):315-324.
MyJurnal

This study was carried out to investigate effects of acoustic and thermofluid performance of a RanqueHilsch
Vortex Tube (RHVT) with different numbers of swirl generator nozzles. The number of nozzle
used in the experiment was 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 nozzle(s), respectively. Sound signal produced by the device
was recorded using two microphones located at hot side and cold side of the tube. The sound signal
was transformed using Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT) to obtain the frequency representation. Then, the
frequencies produced were related to its themofluid performance of each configuration.
Fulltext Feasibility accuracy of three-dimensional echocardiography colour flow measurement on duct pulmonary dependent circulation

Abdul Muhaimin, Mazlyfarina Mohamad, Abdul Muhaimin, Haifa Abdul Latif, Mazeni Alwi

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2017;15(22):121-125.
MyJurnal

The assessment for patient with duct-dependent pulmonary circulation (DDPC) during the inter-stage intervals before first
stage palliation commonly includes imaging of the heart with multiple imaging modalities. Recently, three-dimensional
echocardiography (3DE) was found with the ability to delineate cardiac structure that is able to do 360o
rotation. Therefore,
this study aimed at identifying the accuracy of 3DE colour flow in measuring PDA size compared to computer tomography
angiography (CTA). This study involves randomly selected 26 patients with DDPC undergoing CTA for palliation treatment
in one year. The mean patient age is 1.6 ± 0.261 months with mean weight of 3.65 ± 0.82 kg. The full-volume 3DE colour
flow acquisition was performed and analysed offline using Q-lab software. The PDA diameters at the origin as well as the
insertion site were measured. The data obtained by 3DE colour flow data were compared to the CTA, which was taken as
the gold standard. Results showed that the offline analysis of PDA size was feasible in all patients (100%) with the mean
diameter of PDA at the origin on 3DE colour flow and CTA of 0.51 mm ± 0.14 and 0.52 mm ± 0.11, respectively (p = 0.92)
. The PDA diameter at insertion site on 3DE colour flow and CTA was 0.29 mm ± 0.08 and 0.27 mm ± 0.97 respectively (p
= 0.5). Meanwhile, the measurement of 3DE colour flow is comparable to CTA in measurement PDA size. However, the use
of 3DE colour flow in infants with rapid heart rate is yet challenging to 3DE colour flow acquisitions.
Fulltext Review article: appropriate hydrothermal pretreatment of oil palm biomass in palm oil mill

Khairiatul Nabilah Jansar, Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan, Mohd Ali Hassan

The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2018;4(1):31-40.
MyJurnal

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the most planted trees in Malaysia for the palm oil production. Thus, solid biomass had been generated from this industry such as empty fruit bunch, shell, mesocarp fibre, frond and trunk produced that causes problematic to the nation and expected to escalate up to 85-110 million tonnes by 2020. Besides that, palm oil mill effluent and excessive steam also generated from the production of palm oil. In situ hydrothermal pretreatment means the utilisation of excessive steam produced by the oil palm mill and at the same time, generating value added product as well as reducing the biomass. Oil palm biomass is rich in lignocellulosic materials which comprised of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. Refinement of lignocellulosic from oil palm biomass can be utilised to form fermentable sugar, bioethanol and other potential chemicals. Recalcitrant property of lignocellulosic reduces the ability of enzymes to penetrate, thus pretreatment is required prior to hydrolysis process. Pretreatment can be either physical, chemical, biological or combined. In this review paper, three types of hydrothermal pretreatment were discussed as suitable in situ pretreatment process for oil palm biomass; in palm oil mill. The suitability was measured based on the availability of excess steam and energy in the mill. Furthermore, physicochemical pretreatment also facilitate the saccharification process, whereby it loosened the lignocellulose structure and increase the surface area. The effects and factors in choosing right pretreatment are highlighted in this paper.
Assessment of bioethanol yield by S. cerevisiae grown on oil palm residues: Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis

Samsudin MD, Mat Don M

Bioresour Technol, 2015 Jan;175:417-23.
PMID: 25459850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.116

Oil palm trunk (OPT) sap was utilized for growth and bioethanol production by Saccharomycescerevisiae with addition of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as nutrients supplier. Maximum yield (YP/S) was attained at 0.464g bioethanol/g glucose presence in the OPT sap-POME-based media. However, OPT sap and POME are heterogeneous in properties and fermentation performance might change if it is repeated. Contribution of parametric uncertainty analysis on bioethanol fermentation performance was then assessed using Monte Carlo simulation (stochastic variable) to determine probability distributions due to fluctuation and variation of kinetic model parameters. Results showed that based on 100,000 samples tested, the yield (YP/S) ranged 0.423-0.501g/g. Sensitivity analysis was also done to evaluate the impact of each kinetic parameter on the fermentation performance. It is found that bioethanol fermentation highly depend on growth of the tested yeast.
Fulltext Knowledge and attitude towards blood donation among non blood donor residents of Kuala Terengganu at Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu

Sarah Mat Noh, Faraizah Abdul Karim, Mohd Muhaimin Kambali, Hafizuddin Mohamed Fauzi

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(1):53-62.
MyJurnal

Blood supply shortage is a worldwide problem including Malaysia. According to statistical data from 2011 to 2015, Terengganu which is one of the states in Malaysia has the lowest blood donation rate. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude score towards blood donation and their associated factors among nondonors of Kuala Terengganu. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire involving systematically random sampling of 320 nondonors attending Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah. Data were analysed using Multiple Logistic Regression and Pearson correlation. Results: The mean knowledge and attitude scores were 5.19 (1.87) and 70.79 (8.19), respectively. Sixty-four percent (64.69%) and 92.81% of the participants have good knowledge and attitude, respectively. Gender, education level, and occupation have a significant association with knowledge, while education level and occupation were found to be significantly associated with attitude. No significant association found between the knowledge and attitude level. Most reported barriers to blood donation were a refusal to give blood to other religion and race. The main source to acquire information pertaining to blood donation was mainly from social media. Conclusion: Refusal of giving blood to other religion and race is recognised as the main issue that hinders participants to donate their blood. Thus, proper education and aggressive promotion regarding blood donation are needed especially among the nondonor in this region of Malaysia.
Fulltext Reasons for seeking dental care among adults at an academic dental centre and the associated factors

Azlan Jaafar, Wan Mohamad Nasir, Nazirah Ab Mumin, Nur Najwa Athirah Elias, Muhaimin Afnan Mohd Sabri

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2018;13(2):1-8.
MyJurnal

One of the roles expected of dental personnel is to promote dental seeking behaviour to the public. It is to ensure that adults maintain an optimum number of teeth for overall health and quality of life by enabling them to eat, speak and socialise without pain, discomfort or embarrassment. The objective of this study was to determine the reasons for seeking dental care and the factors that influence this decision among adult patients. This was a retrospective study of clinical records among patients of 18 years old and above who attended Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Dental Polyclinic, an academic dental centre, for the first time from January 2015 to December 2016. Socio-demographic data on age, gender and occupation as well as the reason for the visit were retrieved from the clinical records. Analysis of data was conducted using SPSS software version 21.0 and the pvalue was set at p
Fulltext Psychological disorders and help seeking behaviour among Malaysian medical students in their clinical years

Aida, J., Hizlinda, T., Siti Fatimah, S., Mohd Muhaimin, A., Chai, S.Y., Sahrina, W., et al.

Medicine & Health, 2014;9(2):114-123.
MyJurnal

The present study is to determine the level of depression, anxiety and stress among Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) clinical year medical students and their help seeking behaviour in relation to their psychological aspect. A cross-sectional study was conducted in UKM Medical Centre for three months duration. The study population was the third, fourth and fifth year medical students via proportional sampling. They were given questionnaires consisting of socio-demographic items, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 – Bahasa Malaysia version BM-DASS21 and questions regarding help-seeking behaviors. Psychometric assessment (BMDASS21) estimated the level of depression, anxiety and stress among medical students. Help-seeking behavior questions assessed the use of medical facilities and other help-seeking sources. Regarding questions on the barriers towards seeking help from the primary health-care, three parts were evaluated: structural barriers, barriers towards perceptions on mental-health disorder and barriers towards use of primary health-care services. There were 380 medical students who were involved in this research. It was found that some students experienced depression (1.3%), anxiety (2.4%) and stress (2.4%). Majority of them preferred to seek help from friends (283; 74.5%) followed by parents (275; 72.4%). There was a significant association between students who were anxious and help seeking behaviour from formal sources: counselor (p=0.001) and religious personnel (p=0.03). Hence, it is essential to increase their awareness on psychological disorders and more efficient screening programme should be used to recognize medical students with possible emotional disorders.
Fulltext Distribution of dissolved and particulate fe in an estuarine system at Bagan Pasir, Perak

Syaza Syafiqah Muhamad Kamel, Khairul Nizam Mohamed, Ferdius@Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff, Abd Muhaimin Amiruddin

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2019;27(4):2317-2331.
MyJurnal

The distribution of dissolved iron (dFe) and particulate iron in the estuarine system was studied where in-situ water sampling stations were selected at Bagan Pasir, Perak. The concentration of dFe was 1.17±0.28 mg/L on average at the estuary, while in freshwater samples its concentration was 0.08±0.00 mg/L. This study found that the concentration of particulate Fe in freshwater system was higher than that in the estuary system. The Fe concentration was 0.95±0.03 mg/kg and 0.80±0.18 mg/kg at the freshwater and estuary systems, respectively. We have applied a distribution coefficient (KD) in order to quantify the partitioning of Fe between the particulate (>0.45 µm) and dissolved (
Fulltext Ruling out PE: anovelapproach usingend-tidal CO2 with compression Ultrasonography and transthoracic Echocardiography in Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (CUEPED)

Cheong, Chee Yen, Rashidi Ahmad, Nesarajah, Kiran, Aida Bustam, Muhaimin Noor Azhar

Malaysian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2017;2(1):1-8.
MyJurnal

Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a challenge in clinical practice, especially in emergency setting despite availability of various diagnostic tools. It is desirable to have a rapid and accurate bedside test to rule out PE.The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracyof CUEPED, a novel method of ruling out pulmonary embolism using a combination of end-tidal CO2(ETCO2), Compression Ultrasonography (CUS) and Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE).In this pilot study, patients who presented to the Emergency Department at Univers it y Malaya Medical Centre with suspected acute PE from December 2013 to October 2014,who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were assessed using CUEPED. CUEPED was considered positive if the measured ETCO2 was less than 35 mmHg, or if there was presence of venous incompressibility in lower limb ultrasonography orif tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in transthoracic echocardiography was less than 1.6. All patients received a computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for confirmation of diagnosis. Data obtained was analyzed to determine if a negative CUEPED has the potential to accurately rule out a PE. 30 patients (mean age = 48 years [SD = 13.6]) were involved with an equal distribut io nbetween gender. The incidence of PE was 56.7%. CUEPED had a sensitivity of 100% for PE. Negative CUEPED ruled out PE with a negative predictive value of 100%. Positive CUEPED ruled in PE with a low specificity of 53.8% and moderate positive predictive value of 73.9%. This diagnostic study showedthat a negative CUEPED is potentially accurate in ruling out PE.
Performance of emergency physicians in point-of-care echocardiography following limited training

Bustam A, Noor Azhar M, Singh Veriah R, Arumugam K, Loch A

Emerg Med J, 2014 May;31(5):369-73.
PMID: 23428721 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2012-201789

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate if emergency medicine trainees with a short duration of training in echocardiography could perform and interpret bedside-focused echocardiography reliably on emergency department patients.
METHODS: Following a web-based learning module and 3 h of proctored practical training, emergency medicine trainees were evaluated in technical and interpretative skills in estimating left ventricular function, detection of pericardial effusion and inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter measurements using bedside-focused echocardiography on emergency department patients. An inter-rater agreement analysis was performed between the trainees and a board-certified cardiologist.
RESULTS: 100 focused echocardiography examinations were performed by nine emergency medicine trainees. Agreement between the trainees and the cardiologist was 93% (K=0.79, 95% CI 0.773 to 0.842) for visual estimation of left ventricular function, 92.9% (K=0.80, 95% CI 0.636 to 0.882) for quantitative left ventricular ejection fraction by M-mode measurements, 98% (K=0.74, 95% CI 0.396 to 1.000) for the detection of pericardial effusion, and 64.2% (K=0.45, 95% CI 0.383 to 0.467) for IVC diameter assessment. The Bland-Altman limits of agreement for left ventricular function was -9.5% to 13.7%, and a Pearson's correlation yielded a value of 0.82 (p<0.0001, 95% CI 0.734 to 0.881). The trainees detected pericardial effusion with a sensitivity of 60%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 97.9%.
CONCLUSIONS: Emergency medicine trainees were found to be able to perform and interpret focused echocardiography reliably after a short duration of training.
Study site: Trauma and emergency department, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur
Fulltext A single epitope of Epstein-Barr Virus stimulate IgG production in mice

Widodo, Pristiwanto B, Rifa'i M, Mustafa I, Huyop FZ

Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2018 Nov;35:55-58.
PMID: 30294429 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2018.09.014

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with the high incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in worldwide. Vaccination is one strategy with the potential to prevent the occurrence of EBV-associated cancers, but a suitable vaccine is yet to be licensed. Much vaccine development research focuses on the GP350/220 protein of EBV as it contains an immunogenic epitope at residues 147-165, which efficiently stimulates IgG production in vitro. We examined the ability of this epitope (EBVepitope) to induce IgG production in mice.
Methods: The antibody binding pattern of the epitope was analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The IgG production in mice were examined by FACS Calibur™ Flow cytometer.
Results: The epitope bound the 72A1 monoclonal antibody at the same site as GP350/220 protein, indicating that the epitope should stimulate B cells to produce antibody. Moreover, in vivo administration of EBVepitope successfully induced IgG expression from B cells, compared with controls. Further investigation indicated that the relative number of B cells expressing IgE in EBVepitope-treated mice was lower than controls.
Conclusions: Our data suggest that this EBV GP350 epitope is able to induce IgG expression in vivo without causing allergic reactions, and represents a potential EBV vaccine candidate.
Fulltext Improved Biobutanol Production in 2-L Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation with Delayed Yeast Extract Feeding and in-situ Recovery

Salleh MSM, Ibrahim MF, Roslan AM, Abd-Aziz S

Sci Rep, 2019 05 15;9(1):7443.
PMID: 31092836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43718-1

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with delayed yeast extract feeding (DYEF) was conducted in a 2-L bioreactor equipped with in-situ recovery using a gas stripping in order to enhance biobutanol production from lignocellulosic biomass of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). This study showed that 2.88 g/L of biobutanol has been produced from SSF with a similar yield of 0.23 g/g as compared to separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). An increase of 42% of biobutanol concentration was observed when DYEF was introduced in the SSF at 39 h of fermentation operation. Biobutanol production was further enhanced up to 11% with a total improvement of 72% when in-situ recovery using a gas stripping was implemented to reduce the solvents inhibition in the bioreactor. In overall, DYEF and in-situ recovery were able to enhance biobutanol production in SSF.
Fulltext Diagnostic accuracy of the tongue blade test combined with clinical signs to detect maxillary and mandibular fractures in the emergency department

Kuck JY, Azhar AMN, Wee N, Manikam R

World J Emerg Med, 2023;14(2):122-127.
PMID: 36911056 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2023.032

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical signs combined with the tongue blade test (TBT) to detect maxillary and mandibular fractures.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study enrolled patients with maxillary and mandibular injuries in the emergency department. Physical examination and the TBT were performed, followed by radiological imaging (facial X-ray or computed tomography [CT]). The diagnostic accuracy was calculated for individuals and a combination of clinical findings at predicting maxillary and mandibular fractures.
RESULTS: A total of 98 patients were identified, of whom 31.6% had maxillary fractures and 9.2% had mandibular fractures. The combination of malocclusion, tenderness on palpation and swelling with positive TBT had 100% specificity to detect maxillary and mandibular fractures. In the absence of malocclusion, the combination of tenderness on palpation and swelling with positive TBT produced a specificity of 97.8% for maxillary fracture and a specificity of 96.2% for mandibular fracture. A clinical decision tool consisting of malocclusion, tenderness on palpation, swelling and TBT revealed a specificity of 100% and a positive predictive value of 100%.
CONCLUSION: The clinical decision tool is potentially useful to rule out mandibular fractures, thus preventing unnecessary radiation exposure.
Authors' response to comments on 'Subcutaneous versus intravenous tramadol for extremity injury with moderate pain in the emergency department: a randomised controlled noninferiority trial'

Bustam A, Poh K, Zambri A, Noor Azhar AM

Eur J Emerg Med, 2024 Jun 01;31(3):226-227.
PMID: 38661509 DOI: 10.1097/MEJ.0000000000001132
Fulltext Species composition and biodiversity of organisms in University of Technology Mara (uitm) Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Rosli Noormi, Raba’atun Adawiyah Shamsuddin, Amir Muhaimin Akmal Shukri, Nur Syamimi Liyana Sahabudin, Razia Abdul Rahman, Sharatul Nurhafiezah Abdul Mutalib

Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2018;6(2):18-27.
MyJurnal

The knowledge of biological diversity serves new insights and opportunities for sustainable environment. However, information pertaining to the species composition and biodiversity of University of Technology MARA (UiTM) Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan is scanty. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the species and diversity of organisms at UiTM Kuala Pilah. Using the quadrat sampling technique, 4 plots (labelled as A, B, C and D) with a size of 50 m2 were established to obtain the organisms present in the study area. Twelve different plant species (Sensitive plant, White Spider Lily, Golden Trumpet, Weeds, Dandotapala, Camphor Grass, Love Grass, Evergreen Rose, Dandelion, Closed Gentian, Flatweed and Chinese Violet) were observed. Meanwhile, a total of ten species were identified as animals (toad, snail, earthworm, grasshopper, millipede, carpenter bee, moth, rhinoceros beetle, bird and gray’s leaf). However, only four species were obtained as fungi (mushroom, orange sea lichen, tree-dwelling lichen and button jelly lichen) in the entire plots. The findings of this study suggest that UiTM Kuala Pilah environments can provide baseline information as well as offers the contemporary strategies for preserving cultural and ecological diversity.
Fulltext Covid-19 distance and online learning: a systematic literature review in pharmacy education

Muhaimin M, Habibi A, Riady Y, Alqahtani TM, Chaerunisaa AY, Wijaya TT, et al.

BMC Med Educ, 2023 May 23;23(1):367.
PMID: 37221539 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04346-6

The Covid-19 outbreak necessitated the implementation of social distancing mechanisms, such as the enforcement of lockdowns in numerous nations. The lockdown has disrupted many parts of everyday life, but this unusual event has particularly affected education. The temporary closure of educational institutions ushered in dozens of new reforms, including a shift into the distance and online learning. This study investigates the transition from traditional education in physical classrooms to online and distance and online learning in pharmacy education during Covid-19, especially about the challenges and benefits of distance and online learning. We did Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for literature sources between 2020 and 2022 (n.14). The study elaborates on how the transition has influenced teachers and students of pharmacy education. The research also summarizes several recommendations, which may assist in minimizing the adverse impacts of lockdown and encourage streamlined processes to distance and online learning, particularly in pharmacy education.

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links