Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 27 in total

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  1. Fulltext The results of open reduction and pin fixation in displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children
    Srivastava S
    Med J Malaysia, 2000 Sep;55 Suppl C:44-8.
    PMID: 11200044
    The treatment of displaced supracondylar fracture humerus (Gartland Type III) in children continues to be a challenging problem. We did a retrospective study of such fractures treated in Hospital Muar, over a 2 years period (from January 1998 to December 1999). A total of 42 cases with displaced supracondylar fractures, treated with open reduction and internal fixation were studied. All cases were operated using a posterior triceps splitting approach and crossed kirschner wires were used to stabilize the fracture site. An excellent outcome was seen in 34 patients (81%) and a good outcome in 7 patients (17%). The incidence of complications such as pin tract infection (14%), nerve injury (2%) was very low. None of the patients had vascular complications or myositis ossificans.
  2. Fulltext Preventive orthodontic approach for functional mandibular shift in early mixed dentition: A case report
    Sharma DS, Srivastava S, Tandon S
    J Oral Biol Craniofac Res, 2018 05 03;9(2):209-214.
    PMID: 31211038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2018.05.004
    The case reported here highlights the importance of examination of functional occlusion along with static occlusion. Any undetected malocclusion during early mixed dentition has potency to alter the growth and function of stomatognathic system. Premature contacts in primary canine region is the most prevalent cause of functional mandibular shift and can lead to TMJ problems for the prevalence of self correction of such malocclusion is very low if not intervened. A case of functional mandibular shift due to faulty canine guidance because of premature contacts is discussed here. Selective grinding of premature contacts and myofunctional exercise resulted in well balanced centric occlusion coinciding with centric relation.
  3. Therapeutic potential of Curcuma longa, the golden spice of India, in drug discovery for ophthalmic diseases
    Agarwal R, Gupta SK, Srivastava S, Agarwal P, Agrawal SS
    Expert Opin Drug Discov, 2009 Feb;4(2):147-58.
    PMID: 23480513 DOI: 10.1517/13543770802668117
    Curcuma longa is among the most commonly used spices in India and other Asian countries. The herb has also been used in Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine for the prevention and treatment of a variety of ailments. Curcuminoids are the major chemical constituents of C. longa that are of medicinal importance. Today, a large body of scientific evidence exists to indicate potential therapeutic benefits of C. longa. Several preclinical and clinical studies have investigated the pharmacological properties of C. longa and results indicate strong therapeutic potential for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer and many other properties.
  4. Phospholipid Complex Formulation Technology for Improved Drug Delivery in Oncological Settings: a Comprehensive Review
    Patil J, Pawde DM, Bhattacharya S, Srivastava S
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2024 Apr 25;25(5):91.
    PMID: 38664316 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02813-x
    Addressing poor solubility and permeability issues associated with synthetic drugs and naturally occurring active compounds is crucial for improving bioavailability. This review explores the potential of phospholipid complex formulation technology to overcome these challenges. Phospholipids, as endogenous molecules, offer a viable solution, with drugs complexed with phospholipids demonstrating a similar absorption mechanism. The non-toxic and biodegradable nature of the phospholipid complex positions it as an ideal candidate for drug delivery. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the mechanisms underlying phospholipid complexes. Special emphasis is placed on the solvent evaporation method, with meticulous scrutiny of formulation aspects such as the phospholipid ratio to the drug and solvent. Characterization techniques are employed to understand structural and functional attributes. Highlighting the adaptability of the phospholipid complex, the review discusses the loading of various nanoformulations and emulsion systems. These strategies aim to enhance drug delivery and efficacy in various malignancies, including breast, liver, lung, cervical, and pancreatic cancers. The broader application of the drug phospholipid complex is showcased, emphasizing its adaptability in diverse oncological settings. The review not only explores the mechanisms and formulation aspects of phospholipid complexes but also provides an overview of key clinical studies and patents. These insights contribute to the intellectual and translational advancements in drug phospholipid complexes.
  5. Epigenetics in depression and gut-brain axis: A molecular crosstalk
    Begum N, Mandhare A, Tryphena KP, Srivastava S, Shaikh MF, Singh SB, et al.
    Front Aging Neurosci, 2022;14:1048333.
    PMID: 36583185 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1048333
    Gut-brain axis is a dynamic, complex, and bidirectional communication network between the gut and brain. Changes in the microbiota-gut-brain axis are responsible for developing various metabolic, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. According to clinical and preclinical findings, the gut microbiota is a significant regulator of the gut-brain axis. In addition to interacting with intestinal cells and the enteric nervous system, it has been discovered that microbes in the gut can modify the central nervous system through metabolic and neuroendocrine pathways. The metabolites of the gut microbiome can modulate a number of diseases by inducing epigenetic alteration through DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing. Short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, are well-known histone deacetylases inhibitors. Similarly, other microbial metabolites such as folate, choline, and trimethylamine-N-oxide also regulate epigenetics mechanisms. Furthermore, various studies have revealed the potential role of microbiome dysbiosis and epigenetics in the pathophysiology of depression. Hence, in this review, we have highlighted the role of gut dysbiosis in epigenetic regulation, causal interaction between host epigenetic modification and the gut microbiome in depression and suggest microbiome and epigenome as a possible target for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of depression.
  6. Shape Dependent Therapeutic Potential of Nanoparticulate System: Advance Approach for Drug Delivery
    Verma S, Malviya R, Srivastava S, Ahmad I, Singh B, Almontasheri R, et al.
    Curr Pharm Des, 2024 Jul 18.
    PMID: 39034725 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128314618240628110218
    Drug delivery systems rely heavily on nanoparticles because they provide a targeted and monitored release of pharmaceuticals that maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize side effects. To maximize drug internalization, this review focuses on comprehending the interactions between biological systems and nanoparticles. The way that nanoparticles behave during cellular uptake, distribution, and retention in the body is determined by their shape. Different forms, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles, micelles, and nanorods, each have special properties that influence how well drugs are delivered to cells and internalized. To achieve the desired particle morphology, shape-controlled nanoparticle synthesis strategies take into account variables like pH, temperatures, and reaction time. Top-down techniques entail dissolving bulk materials to produce nanoparticles, whereas bottom-up techniques enable nanostructures to self-assemble. Comprehending the interactions at the bio-nano interface is essential to surmounting biological barriers and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems. In general, drug internalization and distribution are greatly influenced by the shape of nanoparticles, which presents an opportunity for tailored and efficient treatment plans in a range of medical applications.
  7. Zingiber officinale attenuates retinal microvascular changes in diabetic rats via anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic mechanisms
    Dongare S, Gupta SK, Mathur R, Saxena R, Mathur S, Agarwal R, et al.
    Mol Vis, 2016;22:599-609.
    PMID: 27293376
    PURPOSE: Diabetic retinopathy is a common microvascular complication of long-standing diabetes. Several complex interconnecting biochemical pathways are activated in response to hyperglycemia. These pathways culminate into proinflammatory and angiogenic effects that bring about structural and functional damage to the retinal vasculature. Since Zingiber officinale (ginger) is known for its anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties, we investigated the effects of its extract standardized to 5% 6-gingerol, the major active constituent of ginger, in attenuating retinal microvascular changes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

    METHODS: Diabetic rats were treated orally with the vehicle or the ginger extract (75 mg/kg/day) over a period of 24 weeks along with regular monitoring of bodyweight and blood glucose and weekly fundus photography. At the end of the 24-week treatment, the retinas were isolated for histopathological examination under a light microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and determination of the retinal tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels.

    RESULTS: Oral administration of the ginger extract resulted in significant reduction of hyperglycemia, the diameter of the retinal vessels, and vascular basement membrane thickness. Improvement in the architecture of the retinal vasculature was associated with significantly reduced expression of NF-κB and reduced activity of TNF-α and VEGF in the retinal tissue in the ginger extract-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated group.

    CONCLUSIONS: The current study showed that ginger extract containing 5% of 6-gingerol attenuates the retinal microvascular changes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes through anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic actions. Although precise molecular targets remain to be determined, 6-gingerol seems to be a potential candidate for further investigation.

  8. Cardiovascular Disease and Thrombosis: Intersections with the Immune System, Inflammation, and the Coagulation System
    Rajput S, Malviya R, Srivastava S, Ahmad I, Obaidur Rab S, Uniyal P
    Ann Pharm Fr, 2024 Aug 17.
    PMID: 39159826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2024.08.005
    The coagulation and immune system, both essential physiological systems in the human body, are intricately interconnected and play a critical role in determining the overall health of patients. These systems collaborate via various shared regulatory pathways, such as the Tissue Factor (TF) Pathway. Immunological cells that express TF and generate pro-inflammatory cytokines have the ability to affect coagulation. Conversely, coagulation factors and processes have a reciprocal effect on immunological responses by stimulating immune cells and regulating their functions. These interconnected pathways play a role in both preserving well-being and contributing to a range of pathological disorders. The close relationship between blood clotting and inflammation in the development of vascular disease has become a central focus of clinical study. This research specifically examines the crucial elements of this interaction within the contexts of cardiovascular disease and acute coronary syndrome. Tissue factor, the primary trigger of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, has a crucial function by inducing a proinflammatory reaction through the activation of coagulation factors. This, in turn, initiates coagulation and subsequent cellular signalling pathways. Protease-activated receptors establish the molecular connection between coagulation and inflammation by interacting with activated clotting factors II, X, and VII. Thrombosis, a condition characterised by the formation of blood clots, is the most dreaded consequence of cardiovascular disorders and a leading cause of death globally. Consequently, it poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems. Antithrombotic treatments efficiently target platelets and the coagulation cascade, but they come with the inherent danger of causing bleeding. Furthermore, antithrombotics are unable to fully eliminate thrombotic events, highlighting a treatment deficiency caused by a third mechanism that has not yet been sufficiently addressed, namely inflammation. Understanding these connections may aid in the development of novel approaches to mitigate the harmful mutual exacerbation of inflammation and coagulation. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interaction among these systems is crucial for the management of diseases and the creation of efficacious remedies. Through the examination of these prevalent regulatory systems, we can discover novel therapeutic approaches that specifically target these complex illnesses. This paper provides a thorough examination of the reciprocal relationship between the coagulation and immune systems, emphasising its importance in maintaining health and understanding disease processes. This review examines the interplay between inflammation and thrombosis and its role in the development of thrombotic disorders.
  9. 3D Printed Nanosensors for Cancer Diagnosis: Advances and Future Perspective
    Gupta B, Malviya R, Srivastava S, Ahmad I, Rab SO, Singh DP
    Curr Pharm Des, 2024 Aug 16.
    PMID: 39161144 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128322300240725052530
    Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, requiring continuous advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Traditional methods often lack sensitivity and specificity, leading to the need for new methods. 3D printing has emerged as a transformative tool in cancer diagnosis, offering the potential for precise and customizable nanosensors. These advancements are critical in cancer research, aiming to improve early detection and monitoring of tumors. In current times, the usage of the 3D printing technique has been more prevalent as a flexible medium for the production of accurate and adaptable nanosensors characterized by exceptional sensitivity and specificity. The study aims to enhance early cancer diagnosis and prognosis by developing advanced 3D-printed nanosensors using 3D printing technology. The research explores various 3D printing techniques, design strategies, and functionalization strategies for cancer-specific biomarkers. The integration of these nanosensors with detection modalities like fluorescence, electrochemical, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is also evaluated. The study explores the use of inkjet printing, stereolithography, and fused deposition modeling to create nanostructures with enhanced performance. It also discusses the design and functionalization methods for targeting cancer indicators. The integration of 3D-printed nanosensors with multiple detection modalities, including fluorescence, electrochemical, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, enables rapid and reliable cancer diagnosis. The results show improved sensitivity and specificity for cancer biomarkers, enabling early detection of tumor indicators and circulating cells. The study highlights the potential of 3D-printed nanosensors to transform cancer diagnosis by enabling highly sensitive and specific detection of tumor biomarkers. It signifies a pivotal step forward in cancer diagnostics, showcasing the capacity of 3D printing technology to produce advanced nanosensors that can significantly improve early cancer detection and patient outcomes.
  10. Dual-ligand functionalized liposomes with iRGD/trastuzumab co-loaded with gefitinib and lycorine for enhanced metastatic breast cancer therapy
    Arya DK, Pandey P, Kumar A, Chidambaram K, Fatease AA, Pandey G, et al.
    J Liposome Res, 2025 Feb 02.
    PMID: 39895032 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2025.2457453
    Personalized treatment strategies have greatly improved the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Nanocarriers, especially liposomes, function as excellent platform for the delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents. iRGD is a peptide composed of 9-amino acid denoted as (iRGDP), enhances selective and intratumoral delivery of anticancer drugs. Trastuzumab (TMAB), mainly targets HER2-positive advanced stage breast cancer is an FDA-approved monoclonal antibody. Gefitinib (GEB) is an anticancer drug, effective against metastatic breast cancer (MBC), while Lycorine hydrochloride (LCOH), a naturally derived compound, possess both anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. This research is mainly emphasizing on the preparation of GEB and LCOH-entrapped TPGS-COOH coated-liposomes, camouflaged with an antibody (TMAB) and cyclic peptide (iRGDP) for targeted delivery in MBC therapy. The developed multifunctional liposomes were studied for extensive in vitro cell line studies on MCF-7 cells. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC-50) values of GEB and LCOH co-loaded single functionalized liposome (SFL) (iRGDP-LiP, and TMAB-LiP) and dual-functionalized liposome (DFL) (iRGDP-TMAB-LiP) on MCF-7 cells were 1.04 ± 0.023 μg/mL, 0.71 ± 0.018 μg/mL, and 0.56 ± 0.028 μg/mL, respectively. Inverted confocal laser scanning microscopy (ICLSM) revealed enhanced cellular internalization in SFL and DFL-treated groups tagged with coumarin-6 and rhodamine-B dye as compared to conventional liposome. The scratch assay revealed a marked reduction in cell migration, while DAPI staining confirmed enhanced nuclear condensation (NC) and nuclear fragmentation (NF) in SFL and DFL-treated groups. Moreover, flow cytometry demonstrated enhanced early and late apoptosis in SFL and DFL groups. These findings indicate that GEB and LCOH co-loaded multifunctional liposome holds promise as a multifaceted therapeutic approach for MBC therapy.
  11. Therapeutic Potential of Simvastatin: Cellular Mechanism, Binding Energetics, and Resistance Developments
    Verma S, Malviya R, Sundaram S, Srivastava S, Sridhar SB, Rab SO, et al.
    Curr Top Med Chem, 2025 Jan 30.
    PMID: 39901550 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266327892241223052456
    Statins are a class of hypolipidemic agents that have been shown to promote osteogenic differentiation through enhanced alveolar bone recovery, inserted osseointegration, and cartilage regeneration. This review uses Molecular Docking (MD) simulations and additional Computer- Aided Drug Design (CADD) methods to present the state of the art in statin therapy. Furthermore, several studies have shown that factors such as limited overall absorption, metabolism in the first pass, and systemic side effects are among those that affect the oral administration of statins. In addition, these variables include susceptibility to efflux mechanisms, drug permeability, dissolution percentage, aqueous solubility, initial metabolism, and pre-systemic metabolism. Additionally examined are the pharmacokinetics of the statin and in vivo mechanisms of action. As a result of the numerous problems associated with the consumption of statins, including their low total bioavailability, first-pass metabolism, low aqueous solubility, and systemic adverse reactions, a non-oral mode of administration was looked into for this crucial and primary class of pharmacokinetic agents. However, to optimize bioavailability and minimize side effects, more research is required.
  12. Infrared spectrum, NBO, HOMO-LUMO, MEP and molecular docking studies (2E)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)-1-[4-piperidin-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one
    Panicker CY, Varghese HT, Nayak PS, Narayana B, Sarojini BK, Fun HK, et al.
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2015 Sep 5;148:18-28.
    PMID: 25863456 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.065
    FT-IR spectrum of (2E)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)-1-[4-piperidin-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one was recorded and analyzed. The vibrational wavenumbers were computed using HF and DFT quantum chemical calculations. The data obtained from wavenumber calculations are used to assign IR bands. Potential energy distribution was done using GAR2PED software. The geometrical parameters of the title compound are in agreement with the XRD results. NBO analysis, HOMO-LUMO, first and second hyperpolarizability and molecular electrostatic potential results are also reported. The possible electrophile attacking sites of the title molecule is identified using MEP surface plot study. Molecular docking results predicted the anti-leishmanic activity for the compound.
  13. Unlocking the possibilities of therapeutic potential of silymarin and silibinin against neurodegenerative Diseases-A mechanistic overview
    Ashique S, Mohanto S, Kumar N, Nag S, Mishra A, Biswas A, et al.
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2024 Oct 15;981:176906.
    PMID: 39154829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176906
    Silymarin, a bioflavonoid derived from the Silybum marianum plant, was discovered in 1960. It contains C25 and has been extensively used as a therapeutic agent against liver-related diseases caused by alcohol addiction, acute viral hepatitis, and toxins-inducing liver failure. Its efficacy stems from its role as a potent anti-oxidant and scavenger of free radicals, employed through various mechanisms. Additionally, silymarin or silybin possesses immunomodulatory characteristics, impacting immune-enhancing and immune-suppressive functions. Recently, silymarin has been recognized as a potential neuroprotective therapy for various neurological conditions, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, along with conditions related to cerebral ischemia. Its hepatoprotective qualities, primarily due to its anti-oxidant and tissue-regenerating properties, are well-established. Silymarin also enhances health by modifying processes such as inflammation, β-amyloid accumulation, cellular estrogenic receptor mediation, and apoptotic machinery. While believed to reduce oxidative stress and support neuroprotective mechanisms, these effects represent just one aspect of the compound's multifaceted protective action. This review article further delves into the possibilities of potential therapeutic advancement of silymarin and silibinin for the management of neurodegenerative disorders via mechanics modules.
  14. ERG oncoprotein expression in prostate carcinoma patients of different ethnicities
    Kelly GM, Kong YH, Dobi A, Srivastava S, Sesterhenn IA, Pathmanathan R, et al.
    Mol Clin Oncol, 2015 Jan;3(1):23-30.
    PMID: 25469265
    Overexpression of the erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene (ERG) oncoprotein due to transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2)-ERG fusion, the most prevalent genomic alteration in prostate cancer (CaP), is more frequently observed among Caucasian patients compared to patients of African or Asian descent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the prevalence of ERG alterations in a multiethnic cohort of CaP patients. A total of 191 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy specimens, collected from 120 patients treated at the Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia, were analyzed for ERG protein expression by immunohistochemistry using the anti-ERG monoclonal antibody 9FY as a surrogate for the detection of ERG fusion events. The overall frequency of ERG protein expression in the population evaluated in this study was 39.2%. Although seemingly similar to rates reported in other Asian communities, the expression of ERG was distinct amongst different ethnic groups (P=0.004). Malaysian Indian (MI) patients exhibited exceedingly high expression of ERG in their tumors, almost doubling that of Malaysian Chinese (MC) patients, whereas ERG expression was very low amongst Malay patients (12.5%). When collectively analyzing data, we observed a significant correlation between younger patients and higher ERG expression (P=0.04). The prevalence of ERG expression was significantly different amongst CaP patients of different ethnicities. The higher number of ERG-expressing tumors among MI patients suggested that the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion may be particularly important in the pathogenesis of CaP amongst this group of patients. Furthermore, the more frequent expression of ERG among the younger patients analyzed suggested an involvement of ERG in the early onset of CaP. The results of this study underline the value of using ERG status to better understand the differences in the etiology of CaP initiation and progression between ethnic groups.
  15. Influencing hair regrowth with EGCG by targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity: a molecular dynamics study
    Moqaddasi HR, Singh A, Mukherjee S, Rezai F, Gupta A, Srivastava S, et al.
    J Recept Signal Transduct Res, 2025 Apr;45(2):95-106.
    PMID: 39964119 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2025.2465240
    Hair follicle growth process through several well-organized stages with specific input by several signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin and Sonic Hedgehog with GSK3β in this process. As such, this research focus on investigating the efficacy of molecules that are able to inhibit GSK3β action in inducing hair regrowth. Applying computational techniques, three compounds NMN, Resveratrol and EGCG were analyzed for their GSK3β inhibition. It was established that EGCG has the highest values of molecular docking scores and, in the case of the stability criteria such as RMSD and RMSF, presented the most stable dynamic simulation. EGCG has shown considerable TEMPORAL STABILITY with GSK3β in the complex, because over a period of 200 nanoseconds the molecules remained bound through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts. As confirmed by PCA, the largest conformational changes in GSK3β suggest significant inhibitory interaction. Out of all the studied compounds, EGCG turns out to be the most potent GSK3β inhibitor for hair regrowth purposes. The result obtained from the molecular dynamics simulation indicates that EGCG might exert a favorable impact to extract signaling pathways related with hair follicle cycling which is a significant objective. These outcome sets the phase for further experimental testing to discover the potential of EGCG in the treatment of alopecia.
  16. Cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides from plants: The future of antimicrobial therapy
    Srivastava S, Dashora K, Ameta KL, Singh NP, El-Enshasy HA, Pagano MC, et al.
    Phytother Res, 2021 Jan;35(1):256-277.
    PMID: 32940412 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6823
    There has been a spurt in the spread of microbial resistance to antibiotics due to indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents in human medicine, agriculture, and animal husbandry. It has been realized that conventional antibiotic therapy would be less effective in the coming decades and more emphasis should be given for the development of novel antiinfective therapies. Cysteine rich peptides (CRPs) are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that modulate the innate immune system of different life forms such as bacteria, protozoans, fungi, plants, insects, and animals. These are also expressed in several plant tissues in response to invasion by pathogens, and play a crucial role in the regulation of plant growth and development. The present work explores the importance of CRPs as potent antimicrobial agents, which can supplement and/or replace the conventional antibiotics. Different plant parts of diverse plant species showed the presence of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which had significant structural and functional diversity. The plant-derived AMPs exhibited potent activity toward a range of plant and animal pathogens, protozoans, insects, and even against cancer cells. The cysteine-rich AMPs have opened new avenues for the use of plants as biofactories for the production of antimicrobials and can be considered as promising antimicrobial drugs in biotherapeutics.
  17. AI in search of human help
    Heim AB, Bharani T, Konstantinides N, Powell JR, Srivastava S, Cao XE, et al.
    Science, 2023 Jul 14;381(6654):162-163.
    PMID: 37440643 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi8740
  18. Unraveling cancer progression pathways and phytochemical therapeutic strategies for its management
    Sharma V, Chaudhary AA, Bawari S, Gupta S, Mishra R, Khan SU, et al.
    Front Pharmacol, 2024;15:1414790.
    PMID: 39246660 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1414790
    Cancer prevention is currently envisioned as a molecular-based approach to prevent carcinogenesis in pre-cancerous stages, i.e., dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. Cancer is the second-leading cause of mortality worldwide, and a more than 61% increase is expected by 2040. A detailed exploration of cancer progression pathways, including the NF-kβ signaling pathway, Wnt-B catenin signaling pathway, JAK-STAT pathway, TNF-α-mediated pathway, MAPK/mTOR pathway, and apoptotic and angiogenic pathways and effector molecules involved in cancer development, has been discussed in the manuscript. Critical evaluation of these effector molecules through molecular approaches using phytomolecules can intersect cancer formation and its metastasis. Manipulation of effector molecules like NF-kβ, SOCS, β-catenin, BAX, BAK, VEGF, STAT, Bcl2, p53, caspases, and CDKs has played an important role in inhibiting tumor growth and its spread. Plant-derived secondary metabolites obtained from natural sources have been extensively studied for their cancer-preventing potential in the last few decades. Eugenol, anethole, capsaicin, sanguinarine, EGCG, 6-gingerol, and resveratrol are some examples of such interesting lead molecules and are mentioned in the manuscript. This work is an attempt to put forward a comprehensive approach to understanding cancer progression pathways and their management using effector herbal molecules. The role of different plant metabolites and their chronic toxicity profiling in modulating cancer development pathways has also been highlighted.
  19. Cellular immune breadth of an Omicron-specific, self-amplifying monovalent mRNA vaccine booster for COVID-19
    Kumar D, Gaikwad K, Gunnale R, Vishwakarma S, Shukla S, Srivastava S, et al.
    NPJ Vaccines, 2025 Mar 01;10(1):42.
    PMID: 40025095 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-025-01076-2
    Selecting a booster vaccine strategy that generates cellular immune breadth is crucial for effectively recalling cellular reservoirs upon infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. This post hoc analysis from a multicentre, randomized phase 3 study (CTRI/2022/10/046475) compared the cellular immune breadth induced by self-replicating mRNA (samRNA) vaccine GEMCOVAC-OM, encoding Omicron B.1.1.529 Spike protein, with the adenovector vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, encoding Wuhan variant Spike protein, when administered as a booster. GEMCOVAC-OM elicited significant expansion of memory B-cells (MBCs) specific to Omicron B.1.1.529, compared to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. GEMCOVAC-OM also induced more B-cells reactive to Omicron XBB.1.5 and BA.2.86 Spike proteins. Additionally, GEMCOVAC-OM triggered higher frequencies of Omicron-Spike-specific T-cells, including stem cell, central, and effector memory subsets. In summary, while ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 showed some cross-reactivity, GEMCOVAC-OM induced a more targeted immune response. GEMCOVAC-OM offers a broader, longer-lasting immunity, making it a promising candidate for future vaccine development and global distribution.
  20. News from a postpandemic world
    Ellwanger JH, Lekgoathi MDS, Nemani K, Tarselli MA, Al Harraq A, Uzonyi A, et al.
    Science, 2020 07 03;369(6499):26-29.
    PMID: 32631879 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd1320
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