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Fulltext Effect of pre-treatment on physical properties and sensory attributes of gelatin extracted from sutchi catfish (pangasius sutchi) skin

Normah Ismail, Wan Najma Farhaten Wan A Latiff

Scientific Research Journal, 2019;16(2):59-76.
MyJurnal

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pre-treatment on the fishy flavour and odour removal of gelatine extracted from the skin of sutchi catfish (Pangasius sutchi). Pre-treatment of the skin involved soaking at 4°C in distilled water (GC), lime followed by tamarind (GLT) or salt followed by activated carbon (GSC) prior to extraction in warm distilled water (50°C) for 12 hours. Yield, physical properties and sensory were determined. Results showed that GLT produced highest yield (19.72%) compared to GSC (15.01%) and GC (15.81%). Although, GLT exhibited lowest gel strength (282.29g), viscoelasticity (14.1ºC) and setting point (10.46ºC) compared to other pre-treatments, fishy flavour and odour of the gelatine were almost absent with the score of 1.68 and 1.74, respectively. These values were below those of reference which are 1.87 (fishy flavour) and 2.71 (fishy odour) denoting from ‘absent to weak’. Since fishy flavour and odour were almost absent, soaking sutchi catfish skin in lime followed by tamarind could be a good method for achieving the desired sensory attributes of the freshwater fish by the reduction of the gelatine off flavour.
Fulltext Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of essential oils from Etlingera sayapensis A.D. Poulsen & Ibrahim

Mahdavi B, Yaacob WA, Din LB

Asian Pac J Trop Med, 2017 Aug;10(8):819-826.
PMID: 28942832 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.08.006

OBJECTIVE: To report the chemical composition and bioactivity (including antioxidant and antimicrobial activity) of essential oils from the rhizomes, stems, and leaves of Etlingera sayapensis (E. sayapensis) A.D. Poulsen & Ibrahim for the first time.
METHODS: First, the essential oils were obtained using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Then, the essential oils compositions were identified by chromatography methods including GC-FID and GC-MS. For the next step, DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), β-carotene bleaching (BCB), and ferrous ion chelating ability (FIC) were chosen to evaluate the essential oils antioxidant activity. Finally, disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC) was applied to investigate antimicrobial activity of the rhizomes and leaves oils of E. sayapensis against 18 microorganisms.
RESULTS: All of the oils contained oxygenated monoterpenes (leaves: 74.18%, stems: 75.60%, and rhizome: 54.61%), The essential oil obtained from leaves contained high amount of carvone (21.38%), cis-carveol (13.49%); The rhizomes oil was rich in linalool formate (25.47%), eugenol (11.84%); and the stems oil was dominated by α-terpineol (39.86%), linalool formate (30.55%). The leaves oil represented the highest ability in all of the antioxidant activity tests. For antimicrobial activity, the rhizome oil presented more active when compared to leaves oil against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella sonnei, Serratia marcescens, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Candida albicans, and Candida parapsilosis.
CONCLUSIONS: The most components of the essential oils belong to oxygenated monoterpenes. Linalool formate, carvone, and α-terpineol are found as the most abundant compounds in the oils of the different parts of E. sayapensis. The rhizomes oil can prevent the growth of wide spectrum microorganisms; however, the oils are not highly potent in antioxidant assays.
The chemical constituents of ellipeia cuneifolia and Their antibacterial activity

Wan A. Yaacob, Bohari M. Yamin, Hasliza Yusof, Laily B. Din, Nazlina Ibrahim, A. Latiff

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1125-1128.

Chromatographic purification of chloroform extract of the twigs of Ellipeia cuneifolia has led to the discovery of three compounds comprising of 2´,4´-dihydroxy-4,6´-dimethoxychalcone; tepanone; and O-methylmoschatoline. Structures of the compounds were established by interpreting their spectral data and by comparing them with those of the literature. Two of them showed antibacterial activities.
Fulltext Lay beliefs about smoking in Kelantan, Malaysia

Jackson AA, Manan WA, Gani AS, Carter YH

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2004 Sep;35(3):756-63.
PMID: 15689100

Studies have shown that smokers rationalize smoking by self-exempting beliefs. This study explored lay beliefs about smoking in Kelantan, Malaysia, using focus groups among outpatients, medical students and staff, and a questionnaire survey of 193 male smokers. In focus groups, patients said they could do something to make smoking safe. When asked, 'Do you think there are any safe ways to smoke?' 132/193 (68%) male smokers described at least one way. The commonest were 'drink water' (69/193, 36%), 'use a filter' (60/193, 31%), 'smoke after food' (27/193, 14%), and 'take sour fruit' (21/193, 11%). At three- or six-month follow-up, numbers agreeing with these beliefs were: for 'drink water' 67/115 (58%), for 'take sour fruit' 61/115 (53%), and for 'smoke after food' 38/115 (33%), with 88/115 (77%) supporting at least one. The main explanations for water were that it cleaned or moistened the lungs or throat. Sour fruit was described as cleaning, and sometimes as 'sharp', able to scrape out the essence of cigarettes. The conclusion is that self-exempting false beliefs about smoking are widespread, and here they probably represent an extension of the traditional humoral system. Anti-smoking campaigns and health workers in smoking cessation services should address these beliefs.
Study site: outpatients clinic (Klinik Perubatan Masyarakat, KPM), Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia
Pediatric Vaginal Yolk Sac Tumor: Reappraisal of Treatment Strategy in a Rare Tumor at a Unique Location

Rajagopal R, Ariffin H, Krishnan S, Abdullah WA, Lin HP

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 2015 Jul;37(5):391-5.
PMID: 25929614 DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000344

Review of the management of 6 young girls with vaginal yolk sac tumor over 25 years showed that the α-fetoprotein levels normalized in 5/6 within 4 cycles of primary cisplatin, bleomycin, etoposide (PEB)/carboplatin, etoposide, bleomycin (JEB)/cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin (PVB) chemotherapy. Radioimaging revealed residual tissue but viable tumor was found in only 1 of 2 biopsied. Resection/biopsy is necessary to avoid giving additional primary chemotherapy or to identify patients who need different treatment. If markers do not decay appropriately, PEB/JEB/PVB chemotherapy should not be continued. Taxol-containing salvage chemotherapy regimens, adjuvant modern radiotherapeutic treatment, and fertility-saving curative surgery should then be considered. Despite having mostly advanced disease, 5/6 patients were cured, 2 with chemotherapy alone.
Anticoagulant-related nephropathy: A case report

Lee KT, Kammal WSWA, Kong BH

Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2021 2 11;31(6):1403-1406.
PMID: 33565454 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.308356

Anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN) is a recently described disease entity which is an underdiagnosed complication of anticoagulation. Despite widespread usage of anticoagulants, ARN is not commonly reported. We report a case of a 64-year old man with biopsy-proven ARN who presented with over anticoagulation and acute chronic kidney injury while on warfarin therapy for his left lower limb deep-vein thrombosis. Various investigations were performed and renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of anticoagulant-related nephropathy.
Staff/internal customer satisfaction in the department of pathology, Hospital Tuanku Jaafar Seremban as a prerequisite for organisational excellence

Azizon, O., Wan, A., Suryani, Ibtisam, Noor Hasni, Nik Hafizah, et al.

Journal of Health Management, 2008;4(1):96-108.
MyJurnal

Studies have shown that organisational excellence is influenced amongst others by top management leadership and management quality, human resource management and customer focus. This is clearly illustrated by international organisational excellence models, e.g the Malaysian Prime Minister Quality Award, the American Quality Award, EFQM Excellence and Deming Prize Criteria Models.

With the objective of finding out how well the Pathology Department, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban fares, a study was conducted in early 2006 and a repeated study performed in 2007 after remedial actions and continuous improvement activities have been undertaken by the department leadership and top management. The study was performed on the staff (internal customer) to gauge the degree of satisfaction in the areas of leadership, resource management and customer focus.

The study showed an increased in the overall satisfaction i.e. 65.43% in 2007 compared to 18.29% in 2006. The staff of the department have appreciated that the current leadership has been strengthened and the management has shown improved caring, professionalism and team work as stipulated by the Ministry of Health's Corporate Culture. There has also been increased sense of belonging, feeling being cared for, appreciated and loved by the management. This has led staff being more proud of the organisation and 88.1% have maintained that they have worked very hard in 2007 study compared to 57.69% in 2006 study. This study has shown that top management and leadership commitment and being staff or internal customer focus, while instituting changes in the organisation would inevitably lead to increased staff satisfaction and this in turn leads to improved staff participation and contribution to the organisation.
Partial vs full glottic view with CMACTM D blade intubation of airway with simulated cervical spine injury: a randomized controlled trial

Cheong CC, Ong SY, Lim SM, Wan A WZ, Mansor M, Chaw SH

Expert Rev Med Devices, 2023 Feb;20(2):151-160.
PMID: 36715659 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2174850

PURPOSE: A previous study reported a shorter time to tracheal intubation by reducing percentage of glottic opening (POGO) view to <50% when intubating a normal adult airway using the GlidescopeTM blade. We evaluate the efficacy of reducing POGO to <50% when intubating patients with rigid cervical immobilization using CMACTM D blade.
METHODS: One hundred and four adult patients were randomized to group POGO 100% or POGO <50% . Laryngoscopy was performed by advancing tip of the D blade at vallecula. POGO 100% was achieved by exerting upward force to displace epiglottis until glottic opening from the anterior commissure to inter arytenoid notch. POGO < 50% was acquired by withdrawing the D blade tip dorsally from vallecula. The primary outcome was time to intubation.
RESULTS: The median time (IQR) to successful intubation was 29 (25-35) seconds for group POGO < 50% and 34 (28-40) seconds for group with POGO 100% (difference in medians, 5 seconds; 95% confidence interval, 2 to 8, p = 0.003). Complications were minor.
CONCLUSION: Using the CMACTM D blade with a reduced POGO in patients with cervical spine immobilization resulted in faster tracheal intubation.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial is registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (CT.gov identifier: NCT04833166).
Fulltext Development of an air pneumatic suspension system for transtibial prostheses

Pirouzi G, Abu Osman NA, Oshkour AA, Ali S, Gholizadeh H, Abas WA

Sensors (Basel), 2014;14(9):16754-65.
PMID: 25207872 DOI: 10.3390/s140916754

The suspension system and socket fitting of artificial limbs have major roles and vital effects on the comfort, mobility, and satisfaction of amputees. This paper introduces a new pneumatic suspension system that overcomes the drawbacks of current suspension systems in donning and doffing, change in volume during daily activities, and pressure distribution in the socket-stump interface. An air pneumatic suspension system (APSS) for total-contact sockets was designed and developed. Pistoning and pressure distribution in the socket-stump interface were tested for the new APSS. More than 95% of the area between each prosthetic socket and liner was measured using a Tekscan F-Scan pressure measurement which has developed matrix-based pressure sensing systems. The variance in pressure around the stump was 8.76 kPa. APSS exhibits less pressure concentration around the stump, improved pressure distribution, easy donning and doffing, adjustability to remain fitted to the socket during daily activities, and more adaptability to the changes in stump volume. The volume changes were adjusted by utility of air pressure sensor. The vertical displacement point and reliability of suspension were assessed using a photographic method. The optimum pressure in every level of loading weight was 55 kPa, and the maximum displacement was 6 mm when 90 N of weight was loaded.
Algal biomass conversion to bioethanol - a step-by-step assessment

Harun R, Yip JW, Thiruvenkadam S, Ghani WA, Cherrington T, Danquah MK

Biotechnol J, 2014 Jan;9(1):73-86.
PMID: 24227697 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200353

The continuous growth in global population and the ongoing development of countries such as China and India have contributed to a rapid increase in worldwide energy demand. Fossil fuels such as oil and gas are finite resources, and their current rate of consumption cannot be sustained. This, coupled with fossil fuels' role as pollutants and their contribution to global warming, has led to increased interest in alternative sources of energy production. Bioethanol, presently produced from energy crops, is one such promising alternative future energy source and much research is underway in optimizing its production. The economic and temporal constraints that crop feedstocks pose are the main downfalls in terms of the commercial viability of bioethanol production. As an alternative to crop feedstocks, significant research efforts have been put into utilizing algal biomass as a feedstock for bioethanol production. Whilst the overall process can vary, the conversion of biomass to bioethanol usually contains the following steps: (i) pretreatment of feedstock; (ii) hydrolysis; and (iii) fermentation of bioethanol. This paper reviews different technologies utilized in the pretreatment and fermentation steps, and critically assesses their applicability to bioethanol production from algal biomass. Two different established fermentation routes, single-stage fermentation and two-stage gasification/fermentation processes, are discussed. The viability of algal biomass as an alternative feedstock has been assessed adequately, and further research optimisation must be guided toward the development of cost-effective scalable methods to produce high bioethanol yield under optimum economy.
Effect of exercise and gait retraining on knee adduction moment in people with knee osteoarthritis

Khalaj N, Abu Osman NA, Mokhtar AH, Mehdikhani M, Wan Abas WA

Proc Inst Mech Eng H, 2014 Feb;228(2):190-9.
PMID: 24458100 DOI: 10.1177/0954411914521155

The knee adduction moment represents the medial knee joint load, and greater value is associated with higher load. In people with knee osteoarthritis, it is important to apply proper treatment with the least side effects to reduce knee adduction moment and, consequently, reduce medial knee joint load. This reduction may slow the progression of knee osteoarthritis. The research team performed a literature search of electronic databases. The search keywords were as follows: knee osteoarthritis, knee adduction moment, exercise program, exercise therapy, gait retraining, gait modification and knee joint loading. In total, 12 studies were selected, according to the selection criteria. Findings from previous studies illustrated that exercise and gait retraining programs could alter knee adduction moment in people with knee osteoarthritis. These treatments are noninvasive and nonpharmacological which so far have no or few side effects, as well as being low cost. The results of this review revealed that gait retraining programs were helpful in reducing the knee adduction moment. In contrast, not all the exercise programs were beneficial in reducing knee adduction moment. Future studies are needed to indicate best clinical exercise and gait retraining programs, which are most effective in reducing knee adduction moment in people with knee osteoarthritis.
Study design: systematic review
Fulltext Acuminatol and other antioxidative resveratrol oligomers from the stem bark of Shorea acuminata

Muhammad N, Din LB, Sahidin I, Hashim SF, Ibrahim N, Zakaria Z, et al.

Molecules, 2012 Jul 30;17(8):9043-55.
PMID: 22847143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089043

A new resveratrol dimer, acuminatol (1), was isolated along with five known compounds from the acetone extract of the stem bark of Shorea acuminata. Their structures and stereochemistry were determined by spectroscopic methods, which included the extensive use of 2D NMR techniques. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (RSA) and the β-carotene-linoleic acid (BCLA) assays, and compared with those of the standards of ascorbic acid (AscA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). All compounds tested exhibited good to moderate antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (IC₅₀s 0.84 to 10.06 mM) and displayed strong inhibition of β-carotene oxidation (IC₅₀s 0.10 to 0.22 mM). The isolated compounds were evaluated on the Vero cell line and were found to be non-cytotoxic with LC₅₀ values between 161 to 830 µM.
Asia's heart for diversity

Ahmad WA, Fong AY, Quek DK, Sim KH, Zambahari R

Eur Heart J, 2012 Jan;33(2):155-6.
PMID: 22351968
Fulltext Beliefs and behavior of deceivers in a randomized, controlled trial of anti-smoking advice at a primary care clinic in Kelantan, Malaysia

Jackson AA, Manan WA, Gani AS, Eldridge S, Carter YH

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2004 Sep;35(3):748-55.
PMID: 15689099

Smoking deception is often ignored, but is important in health care. In this trial it was assessed at both study entry and outcome. At study entry, 1,044 males at a primary care clinic were asked smoking status and tested for breath carbon monoxide (CO). Of self-reported non-smokers, 57/402 (14%) were actually smokers, as were 59/251 (24%) of self-reported ex-smokers. The self-reported smokers (n=387) entered a randomized, controlled trial where the intervention comprised four questions on knowledge and beliefs about smoking, standardized verbal advice against smoking, and a leaflet. At follow-up, subjects were also questioned about beliefs. Follow-up was difficult, but 191/387 (49%) attended at three or six months. Of 27 who claimed to have quit, 6 (22%) were deceivers and 21 were confirmed quitters. Cessation did not differ between intervention and control groups. Overall confirmed cessation at six months was 16/387 (4.1 %). Confirmed quitters were significantly lighter smokers than deceivers and still smokers. There were non-significant trends between the outcome groups whereby deceivers had least knowledge and most lay beliefs, and quitters had most knowledge and fewest lay beliefs. The lay beliefs may prevent some smokers from quitting.

Study site: open-access outpatients
clinic (KPM) attached to the teaching hospital
(HUSM) of Universiti Sains Malaysia
Wide-field time-gated photoluminescence microscopy for fast ultrahigh-sensitivity imaging of photoluminescent probes

Razali WA, Sreenivasan VK, Bradac C, Connor M, Goldys EM, Zvyagin AV

J Biophotonics, 2016 08;9(8):848-58.
PMID: 27264934 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600050

Fluorescence microscopy is a fundamental technique for the life sciences, where biocompatible and photostable photoluminescence probes in combination with fast and sensitive imaging systems are continually transforming this field. A wide-field time-gated photoluminescence microscopy system customised for ultrasensitive imaging of unique nanoruby probes with long photoluminescence lifetime is described. The detection sensitivity derived from the long photoluminescence lifetime of the nanoruby makes it possible to discriminate signals from unwanted autofluorescence background and laser backscatter by employing a time-gated image acquisition mode. This mode enabled several-fold improvement of the photoluminescence imaging contrast of discrete nanorubies dispersed on a coverslip. It enabled recovery of the photoluminescence signal emanating from discrete nanorubies when covered by a layer of an organic fluorescent dye, which were otherwise invisible without the use of spectral filtering approaches. Time-gated imaging also facilitated high sensitivity detection of nanorubies in a biological environment of cultured cells. Finally, we monitor the binding kinetics of nanorubies to a functionalised substrate, which exemplified a real-time assay in biological fluids. 3D-pseudo colour images of nanorubies immersed in a highly fluorescent dye solution. Nanoruby photoluminescence is subdued by that of the dye in continuous excitation/imaging (left), however it can be recovered by time-gated imaging (right). At the bottom is schematic diagram of nanoruby assay in a biological fluid.
Re: Re: "Quantitative and Qualitative Comparison of a New Prosthetic Suspension System with Two Existing Suspension Systems for Lower Limb Amputees"

Eshraghi A, Osman NA, Karimi MT, Gholizadeh H, Ali S, Wan Abas WA

Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2015 Jul;94(7):e60.
PMID: 25888670 DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000304
Hypercalcaemia: an unusual presenting feature of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Rajagopal R, Lum SH, Jalaludin MY, Krishnan S, Abdullah WA, Ariffin H

Br J Haematol, 2013 Oct;163(2):147.
PMID: 23961807 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12500
Online preconcentration by electrokinetic supercharging for separation of endocrine disrupting chemical and phenolic pollutants in water samples

Abdul Karim N', Wan Ibrahim WA, Sanagi MM, Abdul Keyon AS

Electrophoresis, 2016 10;37(20):2649-2656.
PMID: 27434368 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600207

Online preconcentration using electrokinetic supercharging (EKS) was proposed to enhance the sensitivity of separation for endocrine disrupting chemical (methylparaben (MP)) and phenolic pollutants (2-nitrophenol (NP) and 4-chlorophenol (CP)) in water sample. Important EKS and separation conditions such as the concentration of BGE; the choice of terminating electrolyte (TE); and the injection time of leading electrolyte (LE), sample, and TE were optimized. The optimum EKS-CE conditions were as follows: BGE comprising of 12 mM sodium tetraborate pH 10.1, 100 mM sodium chloride as LE hydrodynamically injected at 50 mbar for 30 s, electrokinetic injection (EKI) of sample at -3 kV for 200 s, and 100 mM CHES as TE hydrodynamically injected at 50 mbar for 40 s. The separation was conducted at negative polarity mode and UV detection at 214 nm. Under these conditions, the sensitivity of analytes was enhanced from 100- to 737-fold as compared to normal CZE with hydrodynamic injection, giving LOD of 4.89, 5.29, and 53 μg/L for MP, NP and CP, respectively. The LODs were adequate for the analysis of NP and CP in environmental water sample having concentration at or lower than their maximum admissible concentration limit (240 and 2000 μg/L for NP and CP). The LOD of MP can be suitable for the analysis of MP exists at mid-microgram per liter level, even though the LOD was slightly higher than the concentration usually found in water samples (from ng/L to 1 μg/L). The method repeatabilities (%RSD) were in the range of 1.07-2.39% (migration time) and 8.28-14.0% (peak area).
Fulltext Is Ebola a sexually transmitted disease? Implication of Ebola RNA persistence in the semen

Sulaiman WAW, Mat LNI, Hoo FK, Mohamed MH, Lim SMS

J Infect Public Health, 2017 07 27;11(2):299.
PMID: 28757292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.07.015
Fulltext Management of neonatal jaundice in primary care

Wan A, Mat Daud S, Teh SH, Choo YM, Kutty FM

Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(2-3):16-19.
PMID: 28461853

The Clinical Practice Guidelines on Management of Neonatal Jaundice 2003 was updated by a multidisciplinary development group and approved by the Ministry of Health Malaysia in 2014. A systematic review of 13 clinical questions was conducted using evidence retrieved mainly from Medline and Cochrane databases. Critical appraisal was done using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Recommendations were formulated based on the accepted 103 evidences and tailored to local setting as stated below. Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is a common condition seen in primary care. Multiple risk factors contribute to severe NNJ, which if untreated can lead to adverse neurological outcomes. Visual assessment, transcutaneous bilirubinometer (TcB) and total serum bilirubin (TSB) are the methods used for the detection of NNJ. Phototherapy remains the mainstay of the treatment. Babies with severe NNJ should be followed-up to detect and manage sequelae. Strategies to prevent severe NNJ include health education, identification of risk factors, proper assessment and early referral.

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