Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 148 in total

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  1. Fulltext An integration based optimization approach (ABC and PSO) for parameter estimation in BLRP model for disaggregating daily rainfall
    Zulkarnain Hassan
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2020;28(1):385-402.
    MyJurnal
    Fine resolution (hourly rainfall) of rainfall series for various hydrological systems is widely used. However, observed hourly rainfall records may lack in the quality of data and resulting difficulties to apply it. The utilization of Bartlett-Lewis rectangular pulse (BLRP) is proposed to overcome this limitation. The calibration of this model is regarded as a difficult task due to the existence of intensive estimation of parameters. Global optimization algorithms, named as artificial bee colony (ABC) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) were introduced to overcome this limitation. The issues and ability of each optimization in the calibration procedure were addressed. The results showed that the BLRP model with ABC was able to reproduce well for the rainfall characteristics at hourly and daily rainfall aggregation, similar to PSO. However, the fitted BLRP model with PSO was able to reproduce the rainfall extremes better as compared to ABC.
  2. Fulltext Recurrent focal Myositis of the left thigh– rare but treatable inflammatory Myopathy - a case report
    Wahinuddin Sulaiman, Eskandar @ Zulkarnain Hassan
    Asian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;1(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Focal myositis presents as an acute and localized inflammation of the muscle without systemic involvement. The etiology is unknown. Several case reports in the literature have described different presentations of the condition, the majority affecting the limbs with a spectrum of clinical progression, laboratory, and radiological findings.

    It is often confused with infection, muscle tumor such as sarcoma, paraneoplastic syndrome or even immune-mediated polymyositis. Delay in diagnosis and inappropriate treatment may lead to recurrence of the condition.

    We report a case of recurrent focal myositis of the left thigh in a man in whom optimal treatment commenced six months after the onset led to regression of his symptoms and signs.
  3. Ultrasound reports standardisation using rhetorical structure theory and domain ontology
    Zulkarnain NZ, Meziane F
    J Biomed Inform, 2019;100S:100003.
    PMID: 34384578 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjbinx.2019.100003
    Ultrasound reporting plays an important role in diagnosis as images produced during an ultrasound examination do not give the whole view of the medical conditions. However, in practice there are many issues that are inherent to ultrasound reporting and the most important was identified to be the lack of standardisation when producing these reports. There is a resistance to change from some radiologists preferring the free writing style, making any attempt to computerise the processing of these reports difficult. This paper explores the possibility of using Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) together with a domain ontology to transform free-form ultrasound reports into a structured form. It discusses a new approach in segmenting and identifying rhetorical relations that are more applicable to ultrasound reports from classical RST relations. The approach was evaluated on a sample ultrasound reports where the system's parsing was compared to the manual parsing performed by experts. The results show that discourse parsing using RST in ultrasound reports can be performed effectively using the support of a domain ontology. The results also demonstrate that the transformation of free-form ultrasound reports into a structured form can be performed with the support of RST relations identified and the domain ontology.
  4. Fulltext Psychological insulin resistance (PIR) among type 2 diabetes patients at public health clinics in Federal Territory of Malaysia
    Nur Azmiah Z, Zulkarnain AK, Tahir A
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2011;10(2):7-12.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Insulin has been viewed as a treatment option of last resort in type 2 diabetes management. The decision to start insulin therapy is often diffi cult. Patients are usually reluctant to begin insulin and many cases delay the initiation of insulin therapy. The aim of this study is to determine the magnitude of insulin refusal or recognize as psychological insulin resistance (PIR) and to identify its predictors. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study and data was collected from two primary public health clinics in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. The study sample consisted of 404 insulin naive patients with type 2 diabetes. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and clinical information. Results: Fifty-one percent of patients with type 2 diabetes were found to be unwilling to take insulin. Regression analysis revealed that females were 2.7 times more likely to resist insulin treatment compared to males and those with uncontrolled diabetes were 1.8 times more likely to resist insulin treatment compared to controlled diabetics. Patients will refuse insulin if they perceived their diabetes worsen with insulin use. After controlling for other attitudinal belief factors in the model, an increase in one unit of perceived disease severity will increase the likelihood of PIR around 2 times. Conclusion: Several misconceptions regarding insulin therapy were identified and specifi c education intervention is recommended for successful transition to insulin therapy.
  5. Diagnostic Accuracy of Cytology Smear and Frozen Section in Glioma
    Mat Zin AA, Zulkarnain S
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 Feb 26;20(2):321-325.
    PMID: 30803189
    Glioma is the commonest primary intracranial tumour and it has been the most predominant tumour in many studies.
    It accounts for 24.7% of all primary brain tumour and 74.6% of malignant brain tumour. Intraoperative diagnosis
    plays a crucial role in determining the patient management. Frozen section has been the established technique in
    providing rapid and accurate intraoperative diagnosis. However due to some disadvantages like ice crystal artefact,
    high expenditure and requirement of skilled technician, there is increase usage of cytology smear either replacing or
    supplementing frozen section technique. The aim of this review is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of cytology
    smear and frozen section in glioma and to see whether there is significant difference between those techniques. The
    overall diagnostic accuracy for frozen section in glioma ranging from 78.4% to 95% while for cytology smear, the
    diagnostic accuracy ranging from 50% to 100%. Based on certain literatures, no statistically difference was observed
    in diagnostic accuracy of cytology smear and frozen section. Thus, cytology smear provides an alternative method in
    establishing intraoperative diagnosis. Both cytology smear and frozen section are complimentary to each other. It is
    recommended to use both techniques to improve the diagnostic accuracy in addition with adequate knowledge, clinical
    history, neuroimaging and intraoperative findings.
  6. Fulltext Bcl-2 expression and clinico-pathological correlations in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast
    Al-Joudi, Fawwaz S., Iskandar Zulkarnain A.
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2010;8(2):59-64.
    MyJurnal
    Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic protein belonging to a family of proteins that act as regulators of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Bcl-2 expression has previously been reported in normal breast ductal cells and its involvement in the hormonal regulation of hyperplasia and involution was further suggested, and it was thought to be expressed through hormonedependent pathways. Bcl-2 is a cytoplasmic oncoprotein which is highly expressed in human solid tumours. In breast cancer cells, however, Bcl-2 expression is down regulated, the exact mechanism and the effects of which are not clearly defined, as bcl-2 expression appears to be inversely correlated with the presence of p53 mutations. This work aimed at investigating the expression of bcl-2 in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast utilizing an immunohistochemistry assay as well as studying the clinical correlations of bcl-2. Bcl-2 was detected in 43.7% of 382 invasive ductal carcinoma study cases. Its expression correlated positively, with lower age of patients, higher histological grades, large tumour sizes, estrogen receptor positivity and progesterone receptor negativity. However, the statistical correlations were weak. With the data obtained, it was found that the expression of bcl-2 correlated with unfavourable prognoses. Furthermore, bcl-2 detection alone may not be very helpful in consolidating a clinical diagnosis.







    59-64

  7. Kesan lapisan berliang dan nisbah keluasan plat berlubang terhadap ciri akustik serabut sabut kelapa sebagai bahan penyerap bunyi
    Zulkarnain, Rozli Zulkifli, Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1179-1186.
    Penyelidikan ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji ciri akustik serabut sabut kelapa yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan penyerap bunyi. Untuk meningkatkan ciri akustik serabut sabut kelapa pada frekuensi rendah, lapisan berliang digunakan di bahagian depan atau belakang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai galangan permukaan. Bahan selanjutnya dilapisi dengan plat berlubang dengan nisbah keluasan yang berbeza. Sampel diuji mengikut piawaian antarabangsa ASTM E 1050-98 untuk menentukan pekali penyerapan bunyi. Daripada hasil uji kaji, plat 1 mm berlubang yang diperbuat daripada kepingan aluminium yang melapisi serabut sabut kelapa, didapati bahawa nilai maksimum pekali penyerapan bunyi berada pada frekuensi antara 2750 Hz hingga 2825 Hz iaitu dengan nilai 0.97. Nilai nisbah keluasan plat berlubang memberikan pengaruh penurunan pekali penyerapan bunyi pada frekuensi tinggi. Penurunan nilai pekali penyerapan bunyi terjadi apabila plat berlubang mempunyai nilai nisbah keluasan di bawah 0.22. Akan tetapi, penggunaan plat berlubang boleh meningkatkan prestasi penyerapan bunyi serabut sabut kelapa pada frekuensi rendah. Kesepakatan yang baik diperoleh daripada keputusan uji kaji dan analisis dengan pendekatan rangkaian elektrik setara yang digunakan untuk menghitung nilai pekali penyerapan bunyi. Ini menunjukkan bahawa pendekatan rangkaian elektrik setara boleh digunakan untuk merancang dan mengoptimumkan ciri akustik serabut sabut sebagai bahan penyerap bunyi.
  8. Fulltext The association between physical activity and work schedule among hospital nurses: a cross-sectional study
    Lim, Zhuang Li, Danaee, Mahmoud, Zulkarnain Jaafar
    Movement Health & Exercise, 2019;8(1):15-32.
    MyJurnal
    Physically sedentary and overweight nurses appear to be less credible in inculcating healthy behaviour among patients. Shift-work has been shown to promote physical inactivity, whilst sedentarism strongly correlates with a high body mass index (BMI). We aim to determine the level of physical activity among hospital nurses of different work schedules, i.e. shift-work and day-work; and explore any associations between nurses’ demographic backgrounds, BMI, and work schedules with their physical activity level. This cross-sectional study design was employed. The self-administered Malaysian International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Long form (IPAQ-L) and a demographic survey sheet were provided to the eligible nurses. Bivariate and subsequent regression analyses were performed to determine their associations. A total of 1988 nurses from the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur were invited to participate in this study. There were 1504 (76%) returned responses, with 77% of responding nurses working shift. Based on the IPAQ-L, 87% of the nurses were deemed highly active, while another 11% were moderately active. Upon stratifying into shift-work and day-work, statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in the domains of ‘work’ (p = 0.016), ‘domestic chores’ (p = 0.038), and in intensity-specific ‘walking’ (p = 0.046) and ‘vigorous’ activities (p = 0.034). There were no differences among groups within categories of physical activities (p = 0.355). Regression analysis showed significant difference for ‘duration of daily vehicle travel’, with the day-workers reporting a longer adjusted travel time (76.50 minutes/day, p < 0.001). Working shift does not seem to harm an individual nurse’s overall measured physical activity, as evidenced by equivalent high values of physical activity engagement between both work schedules. Any differences within domains and intensities of physical activities may be attributed to the respective cohort characteristics.
  9. Effects of lateral ankle sprain on range of motion, strength and postural balance in competitive basketball players: a cross-sectional study
    Cheng WL, Jaafar Z
    J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 2020 Jun;60(6):895-902.
    PMID: 32487984 DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10619-4
    BACKGROUND: Lateral ankle sprain is the most common injury in basketball, and many of these sprains resulted in residual functional deficits. This study aimed to compare ankle strength and range of motion, and postural balance between competitive basketball players with and without lateral ankle sprain.

    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 42 male competitive basketball players. Subjects were divided into the injured and uninjured groups based on self-reported questionnaires. Ankle range of motion (ROM) was measured using a goniometer, ankle isokinetic strength testing performed using Biodex System 4 PRO, and single-leg stability tests performed using Biodex Balance System SD.

    RESULTS: Between the injured and uninjured ankles, there was a decrease in plantarflexion ROM (44.89±6.85 vs. 50.75±9.31, P<0.05) and an increase in eversion ROM (14.50±5.63 vs. 11.74±4.53, P<0.05). There was a reduction in inversion and plantarflexion strength at 30°/s peak torque and 120 °/s peak torque (P<0.05). However, no significant difference observed in the postural stability indexes between the two groups.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study proves that there are residual ROM and strength deficits after an ankle sprain, however, these deficits do not affect their balance ability.

  10. A comparison of low and high dose of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on heart rate recovery of the sedentary adults: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
    Jaafar Z, Lim YZ
    J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 2023 Feb;63(2):310-318.
    PMID: 35620954 DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.22.13958-7
    BACKGROUND: Heart rate recovery (HRR) has been used as a prognostication marker of health. A slower drop in HRR is linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. Since aerobic exercise has been shown to have favorable effects on HRR, we aimed to compare the effects of two different aerobic exercise doses on HRR among a sedentary adult population.

    METHODS: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial was conducted on 29 healthy sedentary adults (seven males and 22 females) in a 12-week exercise program. They were randomly assigned to group A (75 min/week, N.=15) or group B (150 min/week, N.=14) of moderate intensity aerobic exercise groups. HRR at 1-minute (HRR1), HRR at 2-minute (HRR2), and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were measured pre- and post-intervention.

    RESULTS: The improvements of HRR1 and HRR2 were seen in both groups but was only significant (P<0.05) for group A with HRR1, -4.07 bpm (post 24.47±6.42 - pre 20.40±5.51, P=0.018) and HHR2, -3.93 bpm (post 43.40±13.61 - pre 39.47±10.68, P=0.046). Group B showed increment of HRR1, -1.14 bpm (post 21.14±5.35 - pre 20.00±6.30, P=0.286) and HRR2, -2.5 bpm, (post 39.36±8.01 - pre 36.86±9.57, P=0.221). Improvement of the VO2peak was only significant in group B with an increment of 1.52±2.61 (P=0.049).

    CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our study suggests that improvements in heart rate recovery (HRR1 and HRR2) among sedentary healthy adults can be achieved by engaging in moderate intensity exercise at a dose lower than the current recommended guidelines. The lower dose seems to be more attainable and may encourage exercise compliance. Future studies should further explore the effects of different exercise volumes on HRR in a larger sample size and also by controlling for BMI or gender.

  11. Synthesis of dichlorprop-Zn/Al-hydrotalcite nanohybrid and its controlled release property
    Mohd Zobir Hussein, Norhayati Hashim, Zulkarnain Zainal, Asmah Yahaya
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1179-1186.
    New phase-pure nanohybrids of dichlorprop[2(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionate]-intercalated Zn/Al-LDH were successfully prepared using either co-precipitation or ion exchange methods. The basal spacing expansion from 8.9 Å in the layered double hydroxide (LDH) to 18.7 and 21.7 Å of the nanohybrids was observed. This together with FTIR, DTG/TGA and compositional studies show that dichlorprop was successfully intercalated into the Zn/Al-layered double hydroxides interlayer. Release study of dichlorprop showed that it is dependent on the concentration of the incoming ionic species and governed by the pseudo-second order kinetic. This study suggests that the layered double hydroxide might be used as a matrix for controlled release formulation for a herbicide, dichlorprop and the release of the herbicide can be tuned using parameters such as method of synthesis and the concentration of the incoming ionic species to be ion exchange with. This is towards new generation of agrochemicals which are safer as well as user- and environmentally-friendly.
  12. Fulltext Comparison of conventional versus real-time PCR detection of Brugia malayi DNA from dried blood spots from school children in a low endemic area
    Rahmah N, Nurulhasanah O, Norhayati S, Zulkarnain I, Norizan M
    Trop Biomed, 2010 Apr;27(1):54-9.
    PMID: 20562814 MyJurnal
    Microscopic detection of active phase of lymphatic filariasis is indicated by the presence of microfilaria in whole blood. This method is not sensitive and requires relatively large amount of blood sample. PCR allows very sensitive detection of the parasite DNA using a smaller amount of blood; and the use of dried blood spots facilitates sample transportation. Nevertheless, limited studies have been reported on PCR using dried blood spot for detection of Brugia malayi. In this study, we investigated the effects of concentrating whole blood genomic DNA sample and the amplification methods [conventional PCR (C-PCR) and real-time PCR] on the detection of B. malayi DNA from dried blood spots from a very low endemic area in Malaysia. Both C-PCR and real-time PCR detected 2 out of 18 (11%) samples as positive from non-concentrated genomic DNA preparations. After the DNA samples were pooled and concentrated, both C-PCR and realtime PCR detected B. malayi DNA amplifications in 7 out of 18 (39%) samples. However one sample which showed faint band in C-PCR was detected as highly positive in real-time PCR. In conclusion, both C-PCR and real-time PCR using dried blood spots from a low endemic area demonstrated equal sensitivity for detection of B. malayi DNA.
  13. Doping in sports among Malaysian universities athlete: survey of the knowledge, beliefs, and perception during Malaysian universities games in Kuala Lumpur 2014
    Jaafar Z, Wan Hamat NH
    J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 2020 May;60(5):794-799.
    PMID: 32037780 DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.20.09623-1
    BACKGROUND: Doping in young athletes at present is on escalation. A few doping cases involving athletes from South East Asia (SEA) countries have been reported. The objective of this study is to determine current perceived doping and antidoping climate in Malaysia through an exploration of doping-related knowledge, perception and beliefs among the university athletes.

    METHODS: A survey was conducted during the Malaysian Universities Games in Kuala Lumpur 2014. A total of 614 athletes completed the questionnaires on perception, specific knowledge, environment, behavior and beliefs towards doping.

    RESULTS: From this survey, we found that their knowledge about doping and antidoping was poor, they have misguided beliefs and perception about doping, and their environment seems to be favorable for performance enhancing substances usage in the future. We grouped the athletes based on their doping's environment into ultraclean, potential and high-risk group; and the results showed that they have a significant relationship with their knowledge, beliefs and perception about doping in sports, P<0.001. About 1.5-1.8% of the studied athletes have positive behavior towards doping practice; doping use, χ2 =24.6(2) P<0.001 and doping willingness, χ2 =17.15(2) P<0.001.

    CONCLUSIONS: Doping behavior and doping risks in this region are still under-studied. Hence, we recommended that every South East Asia countries would identify the potential risks of doping among their young athletes, and collectively collaborating in managing doping issues involving this region. Special attention should be given to doping environment as it has negative influences on athletes behavior towards doping.

  14. Fulltext FuGeF: A Resource Bound Secure Forwarding Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
    Umar IA, Mohd Hanapi Z, Sali A, Zulkarnain ZA
    Sensors (Basel), 2016 Jun 22;16(6).
    PMID: 27338411 DOI: 10.3390/s16060943
    Resource bound security solutions have facilitated the mitigation of spatio-temporal attacks by altering protocol semantics to provide minimal security while maintaining an acceptable level of performance. The Dynamic Window Secured Implicit Geographic Forwarding (DWSIGF) routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been proposed to achieve a minimal selection of malicious nodes by introducing a dynamic collection window period to the protocol's semantics. However, its selection scheme suffers substantial packet losses due to the utilization of a single distance based parameter for node selection. In this paper, we propose a Fuzzy-based Geographic Forwarding protocol (FuGeF) to minimize packet loss, while maintaining performance. The FuGeF utilizes a new form of dynamism and introduces three selection parameters: remaining energy, connectivity cost, and progressive distance, as well as a Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) for node selection. These introduced mechanisms ensure the appropriate selection of a non-malicious node. Extensive simulation experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed FuGeF protocol as compared to DWSIGF variants. The simulation results show that the proposed FuGeF outperforms the two DWSIGF variants (DWSIGF-P and DWSIGF-R) in terms of packet delivery.
  15. Modified homotopy perturbation method for solving hypersingular integral equations of the first kind
    Eshkuvatov ZK, Zulkarnain FS, Nik Long NM, Muminov Z
    Springerplus, 2016;5(1):1473.
    PMID: 27652048 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3070-z
    Modified homotopy perturbation method (HPM) was used to solve the hypersingular integral equations (HSIEs) of the first kind on the interval [-1,1] with the assumption that the kernel of the hypersingular integral is constant on the diagonal of the domain. Existence of inverse of hypersingular integral operator leads to the convergence of HPM in certain cases. Modified HPM and its norm convergence are obtained in Hilbert space. Comparisons between modified HPM, standard HPM, Bernstein polynomials approach Mandal and Bhattacharya (Appl Math Comput 190:1707-1716, 2007), Chebyshev expansion method Mahiub et al. (Int J Pure Appl Math 69(3):265-274, 2011) and reproducing kernel Chen and Zhou (Appl Math Lett 24:636-641, 2011) are made by solving five examples. Theoretical and practical examples revealed that the modified HPM dominates the standard HPM and others. Finally, it is found that the modified HPM is exact, if the solution of the problem is a product of weights and polynomial functions. For rational solution the absolute error decreases very fast by increasing the number of collocation points.
  16. Fulltext An Efficient Framework Model for Optimizing Routing Performance in VANETs
    Al-Kharasani NM, Zulkarnain ZA, Subramaniam S, Hanapi ZM
    Sensors (Basel), 2018 Feb 15;18(2).
    PMID: 29462884 DOI: 10.3390/s18020597
    Routing in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) is a bit complicated because of the nature of the high dynamic mobility. The efficiency of routing protocol is influenced by a number of factors such as network density, bandwidth constraints, traffic load, and mobility patterns resulting in frequency changes in network topology. Therefore, Quality of Service (QoS) is strongly needed to enhance the capability of the routing protocol and improve the overall network performance. In this paper, we introduce a statistical framework model to address the problem of optimizing routing configuration parameters in Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication. Our framework solution is based on the utilization of the network resources to further reflect the current state of the network and to balance the trade-off between frequent changes in network topology and the QoS requirements. It consists of three stages: simulation network stage used to execute different urban scenarios, the function stage used as a competitive approach to aggregate the weighted cost of the factors in a single value, and optimization stage used to evaluate the communication cost and to obtain the optimal configuration based on the competitive cost. The simulation results show significant performance improvement in terms of the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Normalized Routing Load (NRL), Packet loss (PL), and End-to-End Delay (E2ED).
  17. Fulltext A Spawn Mobile Agent Itinerary Planning Approach for Energy-Efficient Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks
    Qadori HQ, Zulkarnain ZA, Hanapi ZM, Subramaniam S
    Sensors (Basel), 2017 Jun 03;17(6).
    PMID: 28587187 DOI: 10.3390/s17061280
    Mobile agent (MA), a part of the mobile computing paradigm, was recently proposed for data gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The MA-based approach employs two algorithms: Single-agent Itinerary Planning (SIP) and Multi-mobile agent Itinerary Planning (MIP) for energy-efficient data gathering. The MIP was proposed to outperform the weakness of SIP by introducing distributed multi MAs to perform the data gathering task. Despite the advantages of MIP, finding the optimal number of distributed MAs and their itineraries are still regarded as critical issues. The existing MIP algorithms assume that the itinerary of the MA has to start and return back to the sink node. Moreover, each distributed MA has to carry the processing code (data aggregation code) to collect the sensory data and return back to the sink with the accumulated data. However, these assumptions have resulted in an increase in the number of MA's migration hops, which subsequently leads to an increase in energy and time consumption. In this paper, a spawn multi-mobile agent itinerary planning (SMIP) approach is proposed to mitigate the substantial increase in cost of energy and time used in the data gathering processes. The proposed approach is based on the agent spawning such that the main MA is able to spawn other MAs with different tasks assigned from the main MA. Extensive simulation experiments have been conducted to test the performance of the proposed approach against some selected MIP algorithms. The results show that the proposed SMIP outperforms the counterpart algorithms in terms of energy consumption and task delay (time), and improves the integrated energy-delay performance.
  18. Fulltext The severity of facial burns, dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral hygiene impact oral health-related quality of life of burns victims in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study
    Chaudhary FA, Ahmad B, Sinor MZ
    BMC Oral Health, 2021 11 08;21(1):570.
    PMID: 34749722 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01923-3
    BACKGROUND: A burn to the face and neck area leaves a visible scar that impacts the victims physically and psychologically. This report was aimed to examine the factors associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with a facial burn injury.

    METHODS: Patients with facial burn who attended the Burn Care Centre in Islamabad, Pakistan were systematically and randomly invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. They underwent extra- and intra-oral examinations and, completed self-administered instruments in the Urdu language. The severity of disfigurement, dental caries experience (DMFT), periodontal disease (CPI) and oral hygiene (OHI-S) statuses were assessed. The validated instruments collected information relating to sociodemographic background, oral health behaviours, OHRQoL and satisfaction with appearance (SWAP). Information relating to the time of the incident, cause and severity (type, TBSA) of the burn were obtained from medical records. The OHRQoL prevalence of impact and severity measures were derived and analysed using simple and multiple, logistic and linear regression.

    RESULTS: A total of 271 patients had participated in the study. The OHIP-14 prevalence of impact was 94% with mean severity score = 37 unit (sd = 8.5). The most impacted domains were physical pain (87%), psychological disability (87%), social disability (85%) and physical discomfort (83%). The main determinants of oral health-related quality of life were poor clinical oral conditions - particularly caries, and severity deformity. Other risk factors included poor oral health behaviours, psychological distress and longer time elapsed since the incident, and sex (p 

  19. Fulltext Potential inhibitors of α -glucosidase and α -amylase enzymes from locally available fruit wastes by solid state fermentation
    Barkat, Anumsima Ahmad, Jamal, Parveen, Azlin Suhaida Azmi, Noorbacha, Ibrahim Ali, Zulkarnain Mohamed Idris, Arbain, Dachyar
    Biological and Natural Resources Engineering Journal, 2019;2(1):56-63.
    MyJurnal
    A therapeutic approach for treating diabetes is to decrease thepost-prandial hyperglycaemia. This is done by retarding the absorption of glucose through the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, α-amylaseand α-glucosidase, in the digestive tract. Inhibition of both enzymes helpsto reduce the glucose level in the blood of a diabetic patient. This study was aimed to investigate the production of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors from local fruit wastes (honeydew skin, banana peel, and pineapple skin) using solid state fermentation. Each of the fruit wastes was fermented with three different types of white rot fungus Phenarochaete chrysosporium(PC), Panus tigrinusM609RQY(M6) andRO209RQY(RO2)for 7 days. Sampling was carried out starting from day 4 to day 7 to determine the enzyme inhibition activity. The samples were extracted using water prior to enzyme analysis. Most of the fruit samples showed varying degree of percentage inhibition activity depending on the sampling time. Extract of fermented banana peels with RO2 on day 4 showed the higherα-glucosidase inhibition (56.57±0.32%), followed byhoneydew extract fermented with the same fungus on the same day (39.68±0.05%). Extracts of each fruit wastesample fermented with PCshowed the least α-glucosidase inhibition (below 15%). Meanwhile for α-amylase inhibition activity, the extract from fermented honeydew skins with PCon day7 showed the highest inhibition activity i.e.98.29±0.63%. The least inhibition activity (43.37±0.54%) was observed in the extract from honeydew skins fermented withM6 on day 5. All positive resultsshowed that fruit wastes could be the alternative sourcesfor antidiabetic agent especially for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors.
  20. Fulltext The effect of increased consumption of edible palm oil on the nutritional status, lipid profiles and lipid peroxidation among Malaysian aborigines
    Iskandar Zulkarnain Alias, Zaleha Md. Isa, Osman Ali, Khalid Abdul Kadir
    Malays J Nutr, 2002;8(2):137-156.
    MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to determine the effects of increased edible palm oil consumption on community health status in the aboriginal communities in Tual Post (treatment group) and Sinderut Post (control group), Kuala Lipis, Pahang. Nutritional status, blood pressure, lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose (FBG), vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) levels and lipid peroxidation product (malonaldehyde) levels were taken as indicators of health status. This is a pre-and post-controlled community trial in which similar variables were measured in each group. Every family of 2–6 household members was given 2–5 kg cooking palm oil per month for a period of 18 months. All subjects were measured for height (cm), weight (kg) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). For calorie intake measurement, house-to-house interviews were conducted using 24-hour dietary recall method. Blood pressure, percent body fat, lipid profiles, namely total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were also measured. Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) levels and lipid peroxidation products (MDA) were also determined. There was a significant increase (p
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