MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed hospital records and DXA scan measurements of 635 patients at tertiary hospital in Ajman, UAE. Patients with T2DM were compared to non-diabetic control group. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. Student’s t test was used for continuous variables, while chi-square test for categorical variables. Relative risk (RR) and it’s 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) were calculated for prevalence
of osteoporosis among the two group.
RESULTS: In all 141 patients in the diabetic group and 428 patients in the control group, while 66 patients were
excluded based on exclusion criteria. Prevalence of osteoporosis was significantly higher in diabetic group (RR:
1.2, 95%CI: 1.1, 1.2). BMD and T-score values were similar in diabetic and control groups. Z-score values of lumbar spine, L1 and L3 were significantly higher in diabetic group. Obese patients have significantly higher BMD than non-obese in both studied groups. Younger diabetic patient had significantly higher value of BMD, T-score and Z-score in left femur total hip.
CONCLUSION: Although BMD and T-score values were similar between the two groups, women with T2DM had significant higher prevalence of osteoporosis.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 181 Thai children (90 boys and 91 girls) aged 6 to 12 years were recruited. Bone status was measured by two different techniques in terms of the speed of sound (SOS) using QUS and bone mineral density (BMD) using DXA. Calcium intake was assessed by 24 h diet recall. Pearson's correlation, κ-statistic and Bland and Altman analysis were used to assess the agreement between the methods.
RESULTS: There was no correlation between the two different techniques. Mean difference (s.d.) of the Z-scores of BMD and SOS was -0.61 (1.27) that was different from zero (P<0.05). Tertiles of Z-scores of BMD and QUS showed low agreement (κ 0.022, P=0.677) and the limits of agreement in Bland and Altman statistics were wide.
CONCLUSIONS: Although QUS is easy and convenient to use, the SOS measurements at the radius seem not appropriate for assessing bone quality status.
MATERIALS & METHODS: Data were obtained retrospectively from all patients who underwent both CT examinations - brain (frontal bone), thorax (T7), abdomen (L3), spine (T7 & L3) or pelvis (left hip) - and DXA between 2014 and 2018 in our centre. To ensure comparability, the period between CT and DXA studies must not exceed one year. Correlations between HU values and t-scores were calculated using Pearson's correlation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated, and the area under the curve (AUC) was used to determine threshold HU values for predicting osteoporosis.
RESULTS: The inclusion criteria were met by 1043 CT examinations (136 head, 537 thorax, 159 lumbar and 151 left hip). The left hip consistently provided the most robust correlations (r = 0.664-0.708, p 0.05.
CONCLUSION: HU values derived from the hip, T7 and L3 provided a good to moderate correlation to t-scores with a good prediction for osteoporosis. The suggested optimal thresholds may be used in clinical settings after external validations are performed.
METHODS: Broadband ultrasound attenuation and the speed of sound were measured from groups of thalassemic and healthy children and compared with bone mineral density (BMD) estimated from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to determine intergroup and intragroup dependencies of the measurements and variations with differences in sex and anthropometric characteristics.
RESULTS: Broadband ultrasound attenuation and speed of sound measurements were found to be independent of sex but dependent on age in the thalassemic children. Consistently, broadband ultrasound attenuation had lower values and the speed of sound had higher values compared with those of the healthy children in each age group. Broadband ultrasound attenuation correlated well with the speed of sound and also with age, weight, and height, but the speed of sound did not show an association with these parameters. Broadband ultrasound attenuation correlated moderately with BMD in the lumbar spine and whole body, but the corresponding association was much weaker for the speed of sound. In the thalassemic children, both broadband ultrasound attenuation and BMD increased with age as they grew older but not fast enough compared with the healthy children, and the risk of osteoporosis was greater at older ages.
CONCLUSIONS: Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound may be used as a diagnostic screening tool for assessing the bone status in thalassemic Southeast Asian children and for deciding whether further dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is needed, particularly in those who are at a greater risk for osteoporosis as identified by low body weight and height.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: T-score discordance between hip and spine is a common problem in bone mineral density assessment. A difference ≥ 1 standard deviation (SD) (regardless of diagnostic class) is considered minor, and a difference more than one diagnostic class is considered major discordance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors of hip and spine T-score discordance in a population aged ≥ 40 years in Klang Valley, Malaysia.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, subjects answered a demographic questionnaire and underwent body composition and bone health assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analysis were used to assess the prevalence of T-score discordance among the subjects.
RESULTS: A total of 786 Malaysians (382 men, 404 women) subjects were recruited. The prevalence of minor and major discordance was 30.3% and 2.3%, respectively. Overall, factors related to T-score discordance were advanced age, decreased height, and being physically active. Sub-analysis showed that decreased height and being physically active predicted T-score discordance in men, being menopausal and Indian (vs Chinese) were predictors in women.
CONCLUSIONS: T-score discordance between hip and spine is common among Malaysian middle-aged and elderly population. Diagnosis of osteopenia/osteoporosis should be based on the T-score of more than one skeletal site as per the current recommendations.