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Fulltext An experimental design approach for the extraction of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oleoresin using pressurised liquid extraction (PLE)

Nur Ain. A.H., Zaibunnisa, A.H., Halimahton Zahrah, M.S., Norashikin, S.

International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(1):451-455.
MyJurnal

Extraction of lemongrass oleoresin was successfully optimised using Pressurised Liquid Extraction (PLE). Character impact compounds; neral, geranial and geraniol which constituted 72% oleoresin, were monitored during this optimisation study by using GCMSD. Based on maximum extraction of these compounds, the optimised operating conditions for PLE were a temperature of 167°C, a pressure of 1203 psi and a static time of 20.43 min. The quality of PLE extract were compared with conventional extraction methods, hydrodistillation and Soxhlet extraction. The proposed method was found to be better in term of quantity of the targeted character impact compounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon
Fulltext Optimisation of water soluble essential oil from Lemongrass leaves using steam distillation

Lim, S.F., Pah, P.Y.L., David Chua, S.N., Nicholas Kuan, H.T.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(105):137-144.
MyJurnal

Lemongrass leaves are often under-utilised and unexploited. In this study, lemongrass leaves were used to produce water soluble essential oil using a steam distillation system. Water steam was passed through the lemongrass leaves which were placed and supported on a grid above the water in a distiller. The steam distillation system was fabricated and optimised using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The maximum oil yield with optimal relative citral content is obtained at 6.69 of plant-to-water ratio, 26.68 minutes of distillation time using air-dried lemongrass leaves left under the shade for two days. At the optimum conditions, the predicted oil yield was 0.6719% of lemongrass (C. citratus) oil which contains 71.79% of citral content.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon
Fulltext Acaricidal activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Azadirachta indica against house dust mites

Hanifah AL, Awang SH, Ho TM, Abidin SZ, Omar MH

Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2011 Oct;1(5):365-9.
PMID: 23569794 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60081-6

To examine the acaricidal effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract (lemongrass) and ethanolic Azadirachta indica leaf extract (neem) against house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus).

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon/chemistry*
Fulltext A review of medicinal plant of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as source in tuberculosis drug discovery

Dehyab AS, Bakar MFA, AlOmar MK, Sabran SF

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2020 Sep;27(9):2457-2478.
PMID: 32884430 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.007

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that affects one-third of the world's population. Although currently available TB drugs have many side effects, such as nausea, headache and gastrointestinal discomfort, no new anti-TB drugs have been produced in the past 30 years. Therefore, the discovery of a new anti-TB agent with minimal or no side effects is urgently needed. Many previous works have reported the effects of medicinal plants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, none have focused on medicinal plants from the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) region. This review highlights the effects of medicinal plants from the MENA region on TB. Medicinal plants from the MENA region have been successfully used as traditional medicine and first aid against TB related problems. A total of 184 plants species representing 73 families were studied. Amongst these species, 93 species contained more active compounds with strong anti-MTB activity (crude extracts and/or bioactive compounds with activities of 0-100 µg/ml). The extract of Inula helenium, Khaya senegalensis, Premna odorata and Rosmarinus officinalis presented the strongest anti-MTB activity. In addition, Boswellia papyrifera (Del) Hochst olibanum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh leaves (river red gum), Nigella sativa (black cumin) seeds and genus Cymbopogon exhibited anti-TB activity. The most potent bioactive compounds included alantolactone, octyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, thymoquinone, piperitone, α- verbenol, citral b and α-pinene. These compounds affect the permeability of microbial plasma membranes, thus kill the mycobacterium spp. As a conclusion, plant species collected from the MENA region are potential sources of novel drugs against TB.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon
Fulltext Electricity generation from citronella bagasse (CB) using dual chamber microbial fuel cell

Nik Azmi Nik Mahmood, Mohd Nazlee Faisal Md Ghazali, Kamarul’Asri Ibrahim, Nur Muhammad ElQarni Md Norodin

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2013;21(2):581-588.
MyJurnal

The aim of this project is to produce electricity from citronella biomass using isolated microbes from wastewater as biocatalyst in a dual chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). MFC is one such system that not only reduced biomass, which contains mostly waste products but can also liberate electricity from them. MFC system is well-established and using lignocellulosic biomass as fuel is one step to future energy generation. Trials of MFC experiments have been conducted but using citronella bagasse (CB) as fuel source. Furthermore, pre-treatment of the biomass was done using NaOH pre-treament and effluent treatment wastewater from a palm edible oil company as a source for microorganism. The end results indicate that bioelectricity production from CB is possible though very low yield in the present MFC.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon
Separation of geraniol from citronellol by selective oxidation of geraniol to geranial

Jalifah binti Latip, Daniel Chong Jun Weng, Siti Aishah binti Hasbullah, Harjono Sastrohamidjojo

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1183-1188.

Rhodinol is a mixture of geraniol and citronellol. It is the second fraction in fractional distillation of commercially grown Cymbopogon nardus. The physical and chemical similarities of these two compounds made them inseparable. The individual use of each compound is of great importance. A selective oxidation (hydrogen peroxide activated by platinum black) of geraniol (in rhodinol) to geranial was done while remaining citronellol intact in order to separate the two compounds into different chemical functionality. A yield of 81% geranial achieved while minimizing citronellal formation from citronellol to 17%. Chemical separation using sodium hydrogen sulfite (NaHSO3) was done to separate the aldehydes from the unreacted citronellol. Purification using fractional distillation was done to obtain pure geraniol and remove minor fraction of citronellal.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon
Fulltext Heterocyclic aromatic amines in deep fried lamb meat: The influence of spices marination and sensory quality

S J, Iqbal SZ, Talib NH, Hasnol ND

J Food Sci Technol, 2016 Mar;53(3):1411-7.
PMID: 27570265 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2137-0

The present study was focused to investigate the effect of selected spices (turmeric, torch ginger, lemongrass and curry leaves) on the formation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs, IQx, MeIQ, MeIQx, DiMeIQx, IQ, harman, norharman, and AαC) in deep fried lamb meat. Meat samples were marinated with optimized levels of turmeric (4 %), 10 % each of torch ginger, lemon grass, curry leaves at medium (70 °C) and well done (80 °C) doneness temperatures. The concentration of HCAs in deep fried meat samples were analysed using LC-MS/MS technique. The results revealed that torch ginger (10 %) has reduced 74.8 % of Me1Qx (1.39 to 0.35 ng/g) at medium doneness, followed by the 64.7 % reduction, using curry leaves and turmeric at medium degree of doneness. Torch ginger has reduced 86.6 % of AαC (2.59 to 0.40 ng/g) at well done doneness. The most prevalence level of HCAs was found in deep fried meat i.e. DiMeIQ (3.69 ng/g) at well done doneness. The sensory evaluation, using a 7 point hedonic test design for colour and texture in deep fried meat samples were resulted in a preferred color of golden brown and slightly tough texture. The use of local spices in marinating of deep fried lamb meat samples will certainly inhibit/reduce the level of these toxic and harmful HCAs.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon
Fulltext Anti-proliferative effect and phytochemical analysis of Cymbopogon citratus extract

Halabi MF, Sheikh BY

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:906239.
PMID: 24791006 DOI: 10.1155/2014/906239

The antiproliferative and antioxidant potential of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass) extracts were investigated. The extracts were isolated by solvent maceration method and thereafter subjected to antiproliferative activity test on five different cancer cells: human colon carcinoma (HCT-116), breast carcinoma (MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231), ovarian carcinoma (SKOV-3 and COAV), and a normal liver cell line (WRL 68). The cell viability was determined using MTT assay. The DPPH radical scavenging assay revealed a concentration dependent trend. A maximum percentage inhibition of 45% and an IC50 of 278 μg/mL were observed when aqueous extract was evaluated. In contrast, 48.3% and IC50 of 258.9 μg/mL were observed when 50% ethanolic extract was evaluated. Both extracts at concentration of 50 to 800 μg/mL showed appreciative metal chelating activity with IC50 value of 172.2 ± 31 μg/mL to 456.5 ± 30 μg/mL. Depending on extraction solvent content, extract obtained from 50% ethanolic solvent proved to be more potent on breast cancer MCF-7 cell line (IC50 = 68 μg/mL). On the other hand, 90% ethanolic extract showed a moderate potency on the ovarian cancer (COAV) and MCF-7 cells having an IC50 of 104.6 μg/mL each. These results suggested antiproliferative efficacy of C. citratus ethanolic extract against human cancer cell lines.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon/chemistry*
Acaricidal activity of the essential oils from Citrus hystrix (Rutaceae) and Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) on the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larvae (Acari: Ixodidae)

Shezryna S, Anisah N, Saleh I, Syamsa RA

Trop Biomed, 2020 Jun 01;37(2):433-442.
PMID: 33612812

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus serves as an important ectoparasite of livestock and a vector of several pathogens resulting in diseases, subsequently affecting the agricultural field as well as the economy. The extensive use of synthetic acaricides is known to cause resistance over time and therefore a much safer, effective and environmentally friendly alternative to overcome tick infestation should be implemented. Larval immersion tests (LIT) were done to evaluate the effects of Citrus hystrix (Family: Rutaceae) and Cymbopogon citratus (Family: Poaceae) essential oils (EOs) for their individual and combined (1:1) acaricidal activity against the cattle tick. Results showed that LC50 and LC90 values in 24 and 48 hours for Cit. hystrix EO were 11.98% and 24.84%, and 10.95% and 21.71% respectively. LC50 and LC90 values for Cym. citratus EO were 1.21% and 6.28%, and 1.05% and 6.12% respectively. The mixture of EOs from two plants in 1:1 ratio (Cit. hystrix 50%: Cym. citratus 50%) was found to exhibit antagonistic effect (synergistic factor < 1). The 24 hours and 48 hours LC50 and LC90 values for combined EOs were 1.52% and 2.84%, and 1.50% and 2.76% respectively. Individual and combined essential oils were subjected to qualitative analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to screen the chemical components present in EOs. Our results showed that the combination of Cit. hystrix and Cym. citratus at 1:1 ratio resulted in an antagonistic effect and the use of Cym. citratus alone is more toxic to R. (B.) microplus, making it a better alternative to chemical based acaricide.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon/chemistry*
Co-composting of palm oil mill sludge-sawdust

Yaser AZ, Abd Rahman R, Kalil MS

Pak J Biol Sci, 2007 Dec 15;10(24):4473-8.
PMID: 19093514

Composting of Palm Oil Mill Sludge (POMS) with sawdust was conducted in natural aerated reactor. Composting using natural aerated reactor is cheap and simple. The goal of this study is to observe the potential of composting process and utilizing compost as media for growing Cymbopogun citratus, one of Malaysia herbal plant. The highest maximum temperature achieved is about 40 degrees C and to increase temperature bed, more biodegradable substrate needs to be added. The pH value decrease along the process with final pH compost is acidic (pH 5.7). The highest maximum organic losses are about 50% with final C/N ratio of the compost is about 19. Final compost also showed some fertilizing value but need to be adjusted to obtain an ideal substrate. Addition of about 70% sandy soil causes highest yield and excellent root development for C. citratus in potted media. Beside that, compost from POMS-sawdust also found to have fertilizer value and easy to handle. Composting of POMS with sawdust shows potential as an alternative treatment to dispose and recycle waste components.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon/growth & development
Fulltext Dual bioactivities of laurus nobilis essential oil

Nur Afiqah Saparin, Mohd Muzamir Mahat, Muhd Fauzi Safian, Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin, Nor Azah Mohamad Ali, Zaidah Zainal Ariffin

Science Letters, 2020;14(1):62-67.
MyJurnal

The evolution of cosmetic products results in the growing demands for cosmetics that are preservatives free. Plant essential oils were found to be a promising antimicrobial and also antioxidant agent. In this study, Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Laurus nobilis (bay leaf) and Backhousia citriodora (lemon myrtle) essential oils were selected and evaluated for their antimicrobial properties. It was found that Laurus nobilis exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against the selected bacteria Streptococcus saprophyticus (ATCC 49619), Streptococcus aureus (ATCC 22923), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 29436), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 13048), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), Escherichia coli (ATCC 22922) with MIC ranging between 7.8 ug/mL to 250 μg/mL. The antioxidant activity of selected essential oils was determined by antioxidant assays which were 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), determination of ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and β-Carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay. Backhousia citriodora and Laurus nobilis showed the highest antioxidant activity.
n-Octanal and β-Selinene were identified to be the major components with peak area of 26.37 % and 13.92 % respectively in secondary metabolites analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS).

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon
Fulltext In Vivo Anti-Tumor Effects of Citral on 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells via Induction of Apoptosis and Downregulation of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity

Nigjeh SE, Yeap SK, Nordin N, Rahman H, Rosli R

Molecules, 2019 Sep 05;24(18).
PMID: 31492037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183241

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among females globally. The tumorigenic activities of cancer cells such as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and differentiation have contributed to relapse and eventual mortality in breast cancer. Thus, current drug discovery research is focused on targeting breast cancer cells with ALDH activity and their capacity to form secondary tumors. Citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal), from lemon grass (Cymbopogoncitrates), has been previously reported to have a cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo effect of citral in targeting ALDH activity of breast cancer cells. BALB/c mice were challenged with 4T1 breast cancer cells followed by daily oral feeding of 50 mg/kg citral or distilled water for two weeks. The population of ALDH+ tumor cells and their capacity to form secondary tumors in both untreated and citral treated 4T1 challenged mice were assessed by Aldefluor assay and tumor growth upon cell reimplantation in normal mice, respectively. Citral treatment reduced the size and number of cells with ALDH+ activity of the tumors in 4T1-challenged BALB/c mice. Moreover, citral-treated mice were also observed with smaller tumor size and delayed tumorigenicity after reimplantation of the primary tumor cells into normal mice. These findings support the antitumor effect of citral in targeting ALDH+ cells and tumor recurrence in breast cancer cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon
Fulltext PHYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF GERANIOL-TREATED LEMONGRASS LEAF MULCH AGAINST COMMON WEEDS IN NURSERIES

NORLIYANA FATIN OMAR, CHUAH TSE SENG

UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2019;1(1):1-11.
MyJurnal

Hand weeding continues to be one of the most laborious aspects of nursery
maintenance. Oxygenated monoterpene, an important group of secondary metabolite found in
essential oils, has a potential herbicidal activity that could be exploited as natural herbicide
whereas organic mulch could delay weed emergence. Thus, this study aimed to examine the
phytotoxicity of geraniol, an oxygenated monoterpene compound, in combination with
lemongrass leaf mulch against three common weeds, Eleusine indica (grass), Cyperus distans
(sedge), and Tridax procumbens (broadleaf). Greenhouse experiments were carried out by
treating 4.0 t/ha lemongrass leaf mulch with 7.5% (v/v) geraniol compound. The pretreated
mulch acted synergistically and inhibited the emergence and shoot growth of T. procumbens
completely. However, the pretreated mulch exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect on C. distans
emergence and growth. Geraniol-treated lemongrass leaf mulch acted synergistically and
inhibited the emergence of E. indica by 72%, but it acted antagonistically and caused a 45%
reduction of shoot biomass. The present findings suggest that geraniol-treated lemongrass leaf
mulch has potent herbicidal activity but its phytotoxic effect is species-dependent.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon
Fulltext Bioactivity analysis of lemongrass (Cymbopogan citratus) essential oil

Mirghani, M.E.S., Liyana, Y., Parveen, J.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(2):569-575.
MyJurnal

Diseases such as diabetes mellitus and gout are among the chronic diseases affecting worldwide population. Investigation is required to find the alternative approaches to treat these chronic diseases, such as plant based medicine. In this study, lemongrass (Cymbopogan citratus) was chosen and examined on the basis of their usage in traditional medicines throughout Southeast Asia. GCMS analysis revealed the major constituents of the lemongrass essential oil which compromise 67.769% and 67.328% of the total oil respectively. Total phenolic content of the essential oil was analyzed by Folin Ciocalteau method and the results indicated that highest amount of phenolic content was obtained from essential oil extracted from lemongrasses stalk, with phenolic concentration of 2100.769 mg/l GAE. Anti oxidant activity was examined by DPPH scavenging test and the highest inhibition was obtained by essential oil extracted from lemongrass stalk (89.5%). β-glucosidase inhibition assay was carried out using an in-vitro model for anti diabetic test and lemongrass stalk essential oil showed highest degree of inhibitory activity (89.63%). Anti gout test was examined by xanthine oxidase inhibition (XOI) assay with the maximum percentage of xanthine oxidase inhibition of 81.34% obtained from lemongrass stalk essential oil.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon
Fulltext Biological properties of lemongrass: An overview

Olorunnisola, S. K., Asiyanbi, -H. T., Hammed, A. M., Simsek, S.

International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(2):455-462.
MyJurnal

The use of herbal preparations remained the main approach of folk medicine to the treatment of ailments and debilitating diseases. Initial intensive researches conducted on Lemongrass extracts (tea) may have showed conflicting evidences, however the resurgence in claims of folk medicine practitioners necessitated further inquiry into the efficacy of the tea. Lemongrass tea contains several biocompounds in its decoction, infusion and essential oil extracts. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, antinociceptive, anxiolytic and antihypertensive evidences of lemongrass tea were clearly elucidated to support initial pharmacological claims. Lemongrass tea was non-toxic, non-mutagenic and receives wide acceptance among alternative medicine practitioners in several developing countries. This review therefore presents previous research activities, technologies and information surrounding bioactivities of lemongrass tea. Areas of future researches which may elucidate mechanisms of the biological properties of lemongrass extracts were highlighted.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon
Inhibitory effect of mixture herbs/spices on formation of heterocyclic amines and mutagenic activity of grilled beef

Sepahpour S, Selamat J, Khatib A, Manap MYA, Abdull Razis AF, Hajeb P

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2018 Aug 23.
PMID: 29913103 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1488085

Natural antioxidants in spices and herbs have attracted considerable attention as potential inhibitors against the formation of mutagenic heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in heat-processed meat. In this study, the inhibitory activity of four spices/herbs and their mixtures on HCAs formation in grilled beef were examined. A simplex centroid mixture design with four components comprising turmeric, curry leaf, torch ginger and lemon grass in 19 different proportions were applied on beef samples before grilling at 240 ºC for 10 min. The HCAs were extracted from the samples using solid phase extraction (SPE) method and analysed using Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS. All spices/herbs in single or mixture forms were found to reduce total HCA concentrations in marinated grilled beef ranging from 21.2% for beef marinated with curry leaf to 94.7% for the combination of turmeric and lemon grass (50:50 w/w). At the optimum marinade formula (turmeric: lemon grass 52.4%: 47.6%), concentration of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinolone (IQ), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), Harman, Norharman and AαC were 2.2, 1.4, 0.5, 2.8 and 1.2 ng/g, respectively. The results of the mutagenic activity demonstrated that this optimised marinade formula significantly (p

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon
Fulltext Effect of Cymbopogon citratus and Citral on Vascular Smooth Muscle of the Isolated Thoracic Rat Aorta

Devi RC, Sim SM, Ismail R

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:539475.
PMID: 22675383 DOI: 10.1155/2012/539475

Cymbopogon citratus has been shown to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic and chemo-protective properties. Citral, is the major constituent of C. citratus. This study investigated the effects of methanolic extracts of leaves (LE), stems (SE), and roots (RE) of C. citratus and citral on vascular smooth muscle and explored their possible mechanisms of action. The experiment was conducted using isolated tissue preparations, where citral, LE, SE, and RE were added separately into a tissue bath that contained aortic rings, which were pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE). Citral, LE, and RE exhibited a dose-dependent relaxant effect on the PE-induced contractions. Citral appeared to partially act via NO as its vasorelaxant effect was attenuated by L-NAME. However, the effect of LE may involve prostacyclin as indomethacin reversed the relaxant effect of LE on the PE-induced contraction. Furthermore, citral, LE, and RE abolished the restoration of PE-induced contraction caused by the addition of increasing doses of calcium in both endothelium intact and denuded rings. These findings suggest that the relaxation effect of citral, LE, and RE is endothelium-independent and may be mainly by affecting the intracellular concentration of calcium. Citral may partially act through the NO pathway while a vasodilator prostaglandin may mediate the effect of LE.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon
Fulltext Endophytic l-asparaginase-producing fungi from plants associated with anticancer properties

Chow Y, Ting AS

J Adv Res, 2015 Nov;6(6):869-76.
PMID: 26644924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.07.005

Endophytes are novel sources of natural bioactive compounds. This study seeks endophytes that produce the anticancer enzyme l-asparaginase, to harness their potential for mass production. Four plants with anticancer properties; Cymbopogon citratus, Murraya koenigii, Oldenlandia diffusa and Pereskia bleo, were selected as host plants. l-Asparaginase-producing endophytes were detected by the formation of pink zones on agar, a result of hydrolyzes of asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia that converts the phenol red dye indicator from yellow (acidic condition) to pink (alkaline condition). The anticancer enzyme asparaginase was further quantified via Nesslerization. Results revealed that a total of 89 morphotypes were isolated; mostly from P. bleo (40), followed by O. diffusa (25), C. citratus (14) and M. koenigii (10). Only 25 of these morphotypes produced l-asparaginase, mostly from P. bleo and their asparaginase activities were between 0.0069 and 0.025 μM mL(-1) min(-1). l-Asparaginase producing isolates were identified as probable species of the genus Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Phoma and Penicillium. Studies here revealed that endophytes are good alternative sources for l-asparaginase production and they can be sourced from anticancer plants, particularly P. bleo.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon
Isolation, screening, and identification of potential cellulolytic and xylanolytic producers for biodegradation of untreated oil palm trunk and its application in saccharification of lemongrass leaves

Ang SK, Yahya A, Abd Aziz S, Md Salleh M

Prep Biochem Biotechnol, 2015;45(3):279-305.
PMID: 24960316 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.923443

This study presents the isolation and screening of fungi with excellent ability to degrade untreated oil palm trunk (OPT) in a solid-state fermentation system (SSF). Qualitative assay of cellulases and xylanase indicates notable secretion of both enzymes by 12 fungal strains from a laboratory collection and 5 strains isolated from a contaminated wooden board. High production of these enzymes was subsequently quantified in OPT in SSF. Aspergillus fumigates SK1 isolated from cow dung gives the highest xylanolytic activity (648.448 U g(-1)), generally high cellulolytic activities (CMCase: 48.006, FPase: 6.860, beta-glucosidase: 16.328 U g(-1)) and moderate lignin peroxidase activity (4.820 U/g), and highest xylanolytic activity. The xylanase encoding gene of Aspergillus fumigates SK1 was screened using polymerase chain reaction by a pair of degenerate primers. Through multiple alignment of the SK1 strain's xylanase nucleotide sequences with other published xylanases, it was confirmed that the gene belonged to the xylanase glycoside hydrolase family 11 (GH11) with a protein size of 24.49 kD. Saccharification of lemongrass leaves using crude cellulases and xylanase gives the maximum reducing sugars production of 6.84 g/L with glucose as the major end product and traces of phenylpropanic compounds (vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid).

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon/metabolism*
Hepatoprotective effect of Cymbopogon citratus aqueous extract against hydrogen peroxide-induced liver injury in male rats

Rahim SM, Taha EM, Al-janabi MS, Al-douri BI, Simon KD, Mazlan AG

Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2014;11(2):447-51.
PMID: 25435631

BACKGROUND: Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) a tropical perennial herb plant that is widely cultivated to be eaten either fresh with food or dried in tea or soft drink has been reported to possess a number of medicinal and aromatic properties. This study aimed at evaluating the protective effects of C. citratus aqueous extract against liver injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in male rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five rats were randomly divided into five different groups of five animals in each group; (1) Control. (2) Received H2O2 (0.5%) with drinking water. (3), and (4) received H2O2 and C. citratus (100 mg·kg(-1) b wt), vitamin C (250 mg·kg(-1) b wt) respectively. (5), was given C. citratus alone. The treatments were administered for 30 days. Blood samples were collected and serum was used for biochemical assay including liver enzymes activities, total protein, total bilirubin and malonaldehyde, glutathione in serum and liver homogenates. Liver was excised and routinely processed for histological examinations.
RESULTS: C. citratus attenuated liver damage due to H2O2 administration as indicated by the significant reduction (p<0.05), in the elevated levels of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, TB, and MDA in serum and liver homogenates; increase in TP and GSH levels in serum and liver homogenates; and improvement of liver histo-pathological changes. These effects of the extract were similar to that of vitamin C which used as antioxidant reference.
CONCLUSION: C. citratus could effectively ameliorate H2O2-induced oxidative stress and prevent liver injury in male rats.

Matched MeSH terms: Cymbopogon/chemistry*

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