RESULTS: The oocyte AI model demonstrated area under the curve (AUC) up to 0.65 on two blind test datasets. High sensitivity for predicting competent oocytes (83-88%) was offset by lower specificity (26-36%). Exclusion of confounding biological variables (male factor infertility and maternal age ≥35 years) improved AUC up to 14%, primarily due to increased specificity. AI score correlated with size of the zona pellucida and perivitelline space, and ooplasm appearance. AI score also correlated with blastocyst expansion grade and morphological quality. The sum of AI scores from oocytes in group culture images predicted the formation of two or more usable blastocysts (AUC 0.77).
CONCLUSION: An AI model to evaluate oocyte competence was developed using federated learning, representing an essential step in protecting patient data. The AI model was significantly predictive of oocyte competence, as defined by usable blastocyst formation, which is a critical factor for IVF success. Potential clinical utility ranges from selective oocyte fertilization to guiding treatment decisions regarding additional rounds of oocyte retrieval.
DESIGN: In total, 10,677 oocyte images with associated metadata were collected prospectively by eight IVF clinics across six countries. AI training used federated learning, where data were retained on regional servers to comply with data privacy laws. The final AI model required a single image as input to evaluate oocyte competence, which was defined by the formation of a usable blastocyst (≥expansion grade 3 by day 5 or 6 post ICSI).
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Accordingly, the aim of this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of accessory heads of biceps brachii muscle in human cadavers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 107 formalin embalmed human cadavers (male 62 and 45 female), and dissections were performed in accordance with the institutional ethical standards and the Indian Anatomy Act.
RESULTS: Out of 107 cadavers, three-headed biceps brachii was noted in 18 cadavers (16.82%) associated with the unusual course of musculocutaneous nerve. Rare and unusual unilateral five-headed biceps brachii was noted in one male cadaver (0.93%). All accessory heads noted in this study were supplied by the separate branches of musculocutaneous nerve except the humeral head of five-headed biceps, which was supplied by the radial nerve.
CONCLUSION: Awareness of these anatomical variations, knowledge is necessary for radiologists, anesthetists, physiotherapists, and orthopedic surgeons to avoid complications during various radiodiagnostic procedures or surgeries of flexor deformities of the upper arm and forearm.