MyMedR

The Working Party Report on the Management of Helicobacter pylori serves as a clinical practice guideline for Malaysian doctors. H. pylori is not uncommon in the Malaysian population. Marked racial differences and the consistently low prevalence rates amongst Malays are noted. The working party recommends that if endoscopy is to be performed, a rapid urease test should be used for diagnosis. Where suspicion of the infection is strong and the urease test is negative, histology should be performed on gastric biopsies. Culture should be used to monitor resistance patterns to antibiotics and regional laboratories should assume this responsibility. The urea breath tests are highly accurate tests for diagnosis of H. pylori but is as yet not widely available in Malaysia. The working party strongly recommends that all peptic ulcer patients infected with H. pylori whether active, in remission and complicated ulcers should be treated for the infection. Patients with low-grade gastric mucosal lymphoid tissue lymphoma should also be treated for H. pylori infection. It is considered advisable that patients on long term nonsteroidal antinflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment with a history of peptic ulcers or dyspepsia and patients following resection of early gastric cancer or those with a family history of gastric cancer should also be tested and treated for H. pylori. The working party recommends, as first line treatment a 7-day combination therapy of a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and metronidazole or amoxicillin. High metronidazole resistance rates locally may adversely affect regimens containing the antibiotic. It should also be noted that regimens that yield lower eradication rates may result in higher long term expenditure.

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori*; Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis*; Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy*

Fulltext Comparative efficacy sensitivity and specificity of the tests used for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori

Suhaila N, Hussin S, Rahman MM

Pak J Biol Sci, 2010 Nov 01;13(21):1057-61.

PMID: 21313878

Abstract: A total number of 157 samples were examined by 4 different tests-In-house rapid urease (iRUT), Culture, Histopathology and Immunochromatography (Immuno CardSTAT) for the detection of Helicobacter pylori from the patients reported to Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia during 2007 to 2008. Out of the samples examined 47 (29.9%) were positive for H. pylori by the tests used in the laboratory. Efficacy of detection of the bacteria by the tests- In-house rapid urease, Culture, Histopathology and Immuno CardSTAT were 31.8, 13.9, 30.3 and 32.8%, respectively. However, sensitivity and specificity of the iRUT were 91.5 and 93.6%, respectively and the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was 86% and the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was 96.3%. The sensitivity for Immuno CardSTAT rapid test was 100% and the specificity was 79.3%. The PPV was 50% and the NPV was 100%. Convenient methods to the authors were 'In house rapid urease test and Immunochromatography though variability of specificities were observed.

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification*; Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis*; Helicobacter Infections/microbiology; Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology

Helicobacter pylori in 2013: multiplying genomes, emerging insights

Ahmed N, Loke MF, Kumar N, Vadivelu J

Helicobacter, 2013 Sep;18 Suppl 1:1-4.

PMID: 24011237 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12069

We describe features of key additions to the existing pool of publicly accessible Helicobacter pylori genome sequences and sequences of Helicobacter pylori phages from April 2012 to March 2013. In addition, important studies involving H. pylori genomes, especially those pertaining to genomic diversity, disease outcome, H. pylori population structure and evolution are reviewed. High degree of homologous recombination contributes to increased diversity of H. pylori genomes. New methods of resolving H. pylori population structure to an ultrafine level led to the proposal of new subpopulations. As the magnitude of diversity in the H. pylori gene pool becomes more and more clear, geographic and demographic factors should be brought to analysis while identifying disease-specific biomarkers and defining new virulence mechanisms.

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori/genetics*; Helicobacter Infections/microbiology*

Abstracts of the Asian Pacific Monothematic Meeting on Helicobacter Pylori 2012. January 13-15, 2012. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2012 Jan;27 Suppl 1:1-36.

PMID: 22216459

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori*; Helicobacter Infections*

Fulltext Helicobacter pylori infection in Malaysia

Mazlam MZ

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Sep;50(3):205-7.

PMID: 8926895

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori*; Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology*

Review: Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection

Leja M, Grinberga-Derica I, Bilgilier C, Steininger C

Helicobacter, 2019 Sep;24 Suppl 1:e12635.

PMID: 31486242 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12635

This review summarizes recent publications on the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. Two major systemic analyses, from Malaysia and Ethiopia, were published. The Brazilian Consensus Conference has stated that H pylori infection is an infectious disease with an indication for antimicrobial therapy. A continuous decrease in H pylori prevalence was reported from many regions worldwide, including Korea, China, Iran, and Austria. A cross-sectional H pylori prevalence study conducted in the United Arab Emirates found 41% prevalence in a group of healthy children and adults. Several studies from Asia addressed H pylori prevalence in adults undergoing regular checkup. The largest of such studies, performed in Korea, involved 24 471 subjects and reported 41.5% seroprevalence. A relatively smaller study from East China on 3252 subjects reported 27.5% prevalence. In contrast, a study from Spain reported 87.2% seroprevalence. A report on the association between smoking and H pylori seropositivity was published on behalf of the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project-a consortium of epidemiological studies of gastric cancer. Also, other potential risk factors, including occupational risk factors, water supply, and food were analyzed. Gastroesophageal reflux and sexual partners has been associated with a higher risk for H pylori acquisition, and gut microbiota was suggested to play a role in intrafamilial transmission of H pylori. Finally, in a few studies (from Mexico and Japan), the catalytic model for predicting the potential risk of acquiring H pylori infection in the future was used. As anticipated, a further decline in H pylori-related disease was demonstrated by applying the modeling.

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification*; Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology*

Fulltext Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and public health implications

Goh KL, Chan WK, Shiota S, Yamaoka Y

Helicobacter, 2011 Sep;16 Suppl 1:1-9.

PMID: 21896079 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00874.x

This review summarizes studies on the epidemiology and public health implications of Helicobacter pylori published in peer-reviewed journals from April 2010 through March 2011. Prevalence rates vary widely between different geographical regions and ethnic groups. An interesting study from the USA identified the degree of African ancestry as an independent predictor of H. pylori infection. Two studies have demonstrated early childhood as the period of transmission of infection and identified an infected sibling as an important risk factor. An oral-oral route of spread has been substantiated with several studies showing the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity. Studies have shown the presence of H. pylori in drinking water and the role of poor living conditions and sanitation in H. pylori infection, supporting an oral-fecal route of spread. Screening for H. pylori as a gastric cancer pre-screening strategy has been described in Japan, and the importance of H. pylori eradication as a gastric cancer-prevention strategy has now been further emphasized in Japanese guidelines. Two studies have shown a decrease in the burden of dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease with H. pylori eradication.

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification; Helicobacter pylori/physiology; Helicobacter Infections/ethnology; Helicobacter Infections/microbiology; Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology*; Helicobacter Infections/transmission*

Fulltext Food Allergy and Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Systematic Review

Ma ZF, Majid NA, Yamaoka Y, Lee YY

Front Microbiol, 2016;7:368.

PMID: 27047479 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00368

Based on the hygiene hypothesis, a low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may explain the recent high prevalence of allergic diseases including food allergy. However, there are very few studies that investigate the relationship between H. pylori and food allergy.

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections

Helicobacter pylori and recurrent abdominal pain: a review of the literature

Boey, Christopher C.M.

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2000;12(1):6-10.

MyJurnal

Helicobacter pylori (HP) was first described in 1983 by Warren and Marshall.' It is a spiral-shaped bacterium measuring 2-4p,m x 0.5-1.0μm. Since it was discovered, the organism has rarely been isolated from sites other than the stomach.2 Available evidence, therefore, points to the human stomach as the normal habitat of this bacterium. The infection is contracted primarily in childhood.' It has been shown that colonisation by HP is rare under the age of five years, but thereafter, it becomes gradually more frequent, and by sixty years of age more than 50% of individuals may be affected

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections

Helicobacter pylori overcomes natural immunity in repeated infections

Stenström B, Windsor HM, Fulurija A, Benghezal M, Kumarasinghe MP, Kimura K, et al.

Clin Case Rep, 2016 11;4(11):1026-1033.

PMID: 27830066

Repeated experimental reinfection of two subjects indicates that Helicobacter pylori infection does not promote an immune response protective against future reinfection. Our results highlight the importance of preventing reinfection after eradication, through public health initiatives, and possibly treatment of family members. They indicate difficulties for vaccine development, especially therapeutic vaccines.

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections

Evidence against Helicobacter pylori being related to childhood asthma

Raj SM, Choo KE, Noorizan AM, Lee YY, Graham DY

J Infect Dis, 2009 Mar 15;199(6):914-5.

PMID: 19239342 DOI: 10.1086/597066

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori*

Estimation of gastric cancer burden attributable to Helicobacter pylori infection in Asia

Ji X, He G, Wang K, Zhang Y, Yin J, Wang K

J Public Health (Oxf), 2023 Mar 14;45(1):40-46.

PMID: 35137200 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab410

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori causes large burden of gastric cancer (GC) in Asia. We aimed to comprehensively quantify the burden of GC attributable to H. pylori infection in Asia.

METHODS: We searched related articles from January 1998 to December 2020 to obtain the prevalence and relative risks (or odds ratio) of GC associated with H. pylori in Asia. The burden of GC attributable to H. pylori infection was quantified by Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) and Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).

RESULTS: We quantified the burden of GC attributable to H. pylori infection with 415.6 thousand DALYs and 38.03% PAF through the five included Asian countries in 2019. The study found that the burden had obvious regional differences. The DALYs ranged from 298.9 thousand in China to 1.9 thousand in Malaysia, and the PAFs were between 58.00% in Japan and 30.89% in China. The average prevalence of H. pylori in the included general population was estimated to be 56.29%.

CONCLUSIONS: Helicobacter pylori poses a huge disease burden of GC to the population, and its eradication should receive attention, especially in the countries with high incidence of and mortality due to GC.

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori*

Fulltext Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease--a causal link

Goh KL

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Jun;52(2):161-8.

PMID: 10968075

The link between Helicobacter. pylori and peptic ulcer disease in 1997 is an irrefutable one. The association between infection and ulcerogenesis has been shown to be biologically plausible with induction of epithelial inflammation and cell damage and its effect on gastrin/acid homeostasis. The association of H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease is a close and consistent one. There is ample evidence indicating that H. pylori eradication results in virtual abolition of ulcer relapse. Several studies have demonstrated that eradication of H. pylori results in ulcer healing and there is evidence showing a temporal relationship between infection and development of peptic ulcer disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori*; Helicobacter Infections/complications*; Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy

Fulltext Helicobacter pylori infection--a boon or a bane: lessons from studies in a low-prevalence population

Lee YY, Mahendra Raj S, Graham DY

Helicobacter, 2013 Oct;18(5):338-46.

PMID: 23607896 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12058

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is etiologically associated with gastric cancer and peptic ulcer diseases which are both important public health burdens which could be largely eliminated by H. pylori eradication. However, some investigators urge caution based on the hypothesis that eradication of H. pylori may result in an increase in the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and childhood asthma. The ethnic Malays of northeastern Peninsular Malaysia have long had a low prevalence of H. pylori infection and, as expected, the incidence of gastric cancer and its precursor lesions is exceptionally low. The availability of a population with a low H. pylori prevalence and generally poor sanitation allows separation of H. pylori from the hygiene hypothesis and direct testing of whether absence of H. pylori is associated with untoward consequence. Contrary to predictions, in Malays, erosive esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, distal esophageal cancers, and childhood asthma are all of low incidence. This suggests that H. pylori is not protective rather the presence of H. pylori infection is likely a surrogate for poor hygiene and not an important source of antigens involved in the hygiene hypothesis. Helicobacter pylori in Malays is related to transmission from H. pylori-infected non-Malay immigrants. The factors responsible for low H. pylori acquisition, transmission, and burden of H. pylori infection in Malays remain unclear and likely involves a combination of environmental, host (gene polymorphisms), and strain virulence factors. Based on evidence from this population, absence of H. pylori infection is more likely to be boon than a bane.

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification*; Helicobacter Infections/complications; Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis; Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology*; Helicobacter Infections/transmission

Fulltext Helicobacter pylori infection in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients in Malaysia

Gan GG, Norfaizal AL, Bee PC, Chin EF, Habibah AH, Goh KL

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Jun;68(3):231-3.

PMID: 23749012 MyJurnal

Helicobacter Pylori has been implicated with a possible link to immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) and studies have shown contradicting results in platelet recovery after eradication of H pylori infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori*; Helicobacter Infections

Enzyme biotypes of Helicobacter pylori isolated from Penang, Peninsular Malaysia

Uyub AM, Azlan AA

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2000 Dec;31(4):693-6.

PMID: 11414414

A total of 52 clinical strains of Helicobacter pylori were characterized on the basis of preformed enzyme production with API ZYM kits. Using the biotyping schemes as defined by Reina and Alomar (1989), Kung et al (1989) and Matsumoto et al (1996), 15.3% (8/52), 13.5% (7/52) and 11.5% (6/52) of the isolates were not biotypable, respectively. Two enzymes, valine arylamidase and cystine arylamidase could be additionally used to differentiate between isolates. Our isolates were either negative or positive for both the enzymes or positive only for cystine arylamidase. We propose the incorporation of these two enzymes into the Matsumoto et al (1996) biotyping scheme to biotype strains into additional enzyme biotypes.

Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori/classification*; Helicobacter pylori/enzymology

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 239 in total