Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 716 in total

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  1. Fulltext The Role of Neuroinflammation in Cellular Damage in Neurodegenerative Diseases
    Muthuraju S, Zakaria R, Karuppan MKM, Al-Rahbi B
    Biomed Res Int, 2020 03 05;2020:9231452.
    PMID: 32219147 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9231452
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/immunology; Inflammation/metabolism; Inflammation/pathology
  2. Beyond Pattern Recognition: Radiology-Pathology-Clinical Correlation
    Wong KT, Tan CT, Lim T
    Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 2023 Feb;33(1):225-233.
    PMID: 36404045 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.018
    Radiology-pathology correlation is essential for multidisciplinary collaboration in diagnosis and understanding the mechanism of CNS damage in infectious processes. The microscopic acute inflammatory processes are well established and are supplemented by a variety of less-invasive microbial and immunohistochemical investigations. Understanding the pathogenesis of pathogen spread and neuroinvasion, vascular and immune-mediated brain, and spinal cord damage are essential for interpreting radiological images.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation
  3. Fulltext A Commensal Protozoan Strikes a Balance in the Gut
    Loke P, Lim YAL
    Cell Host Microbe, 2016 10 12;20(4):417-419.
    PMID: 27736641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.09.016
    Gut commensals profoundly affect host immunity and intestinal homeostasis, but the impact of commensal eukaryotic protozoans is poorly understood. In a recent Cell paper, Chudnovskiy et al. (2016) identify a commensal protozoan, Tritrichomonas musculis, that can enhance anti-bacterial defenses, but at the cost of increasing intestinal inflammation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/immunology*
  4. Raphanus sativus Seeds Oil Arrested in vivo Inflammation and Angiogenesis through Down-regulation of TNF-α
    Asif M, Yousaf HM, Saleem M, Hussain L, Mahrukh, Zarzour RA, et al.
    Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 2022;23(5):728-739.
    PMID: 34225619 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210702120956
    BACKGROUND: Raphanus sativus is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory agent.

    OBJECTIVES: The current study was designed to explore the in vivo anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties of Raphanus sativus seeds oil.

    METHODS: Cold press method was used for the extraction of oil (RsSO) and was characterised by using GC-MS techniques. Three in vitro antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) were performed to explore the antioxidant potential of RsSO. Disc diffusion methods were used to study in vitro antimicrobial properties. In vivo anti-inflammatory properties were studied in both acute and chronic inflammation models. In vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay was performed to study antiangiogenic effects. Molecular mechanisms were identified using TNF-α ELISA kit and docking tools.

    RESULTS: GC-MS analysis of RsSO revealed the presence of hexadecanoic and octadecanoic acid. Findings of DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP models indicated relatively moderate radical scavenging properties of RsSO. Oil showed antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacterial and fungal strains tested. Data of inflammation models showed significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effects of RsSO in both acute and chronic models. 500 mg/kg RsSO halted inflammation development significantly better (p < 0.05) as compared with lower doses. Histopathological evaluations of paws showed minimal infiltration of inflammatory cells in RsSO-treated animals. Findings of TNF-α ELSIA and docking studies showed that RsSO has the potential to down-regulate the expression of TNF-α, iNOS, ROS, and NF-κB respectively. Moreover, RsSO showed in vivo antiangiogenic effects.

    CONCLUSION: Data of the current study highlight that Raphanus sativus seeds oil has anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties and can be used as an adjunct to standard NSAIDs therapy which may reduce the dose and related side effects.

    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy
  5. Fulltext Exploring the Relationship of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Inflammation and the Development of Vascular Pathologies
    Rami AZA, Hamid AA, Anuar NNM, Aminuddin A, Ugusman A
    Mediators Inflamm, 2022;2022:2734321.
    PMID: 35177953 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2734321
    Initially thought to only provide mechanical support for the underlying blood vessels, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has now emerged as a regulator of vascular function. A healthy PVAT exerts anticontractile and anti-inflammatory actions on the underlying vasculature via the release of adipocytokines such as adiponectin, nitric oxide, and omentin. However, dysfunctional PVAT produces more proinflammatory adipocytokines such as leptin, resistin, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thus inducing an inflammatory response that contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. In this review, current knowledge on the role of PVAT inflammation in the development of vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and hypertension was discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/pathology
  6. MicroRNA and their implications in dental pulp inflammation: current trends and future perspectives
    Maqbool M, Syed NH, Rossi-Fedele G, Shatriah I, Noorani TY
    Odontology, 2023 Jul;111(3):531-540.
    PMID: 36309897 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00762-0
    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, 19-23 nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by silencing or degrading the target mRNA gene. Since their discovery in the nineties of the last century, they have emerged as key inflammatory regulators. Inflammation induces the synthesis of various miRNAs that modulate the expression of multiple molecules involved in orchestrating the inflammatory response. This review aims to provide an insight into the role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers, mediators, and potential therapeutic targets of dental pulp inflammation. A literature search was conducted using the keywords; biogenesis of microRNA, human dental pulp cells, pulpitis, and inflammation in PubMed and Scopus index databases for all the published articles dealing with the role of miRNAs in pulp inflammation in the last 10 years. According to the literature, there is a clear correlation between miRNAs and several physiological events, as well as their role as mediators of innate immune response and inflammation in dental pulp cells. Our narrative review stipulates that numerous miRNAs play a key role in modulating inflammation, delaying or enhancing cell repair, cell differentiation, and survival in dental pulp diseases. However, further studies are required for the validation of miRNAs as reliable biomarkers in dental pulp pathology and their targeted therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/metabolism
  7. From nature to therapy: Luteolin's potential as an immune system modulator in inflammatory disorders
    Hussain MS, Gupta G, Goyal A, Thapa R, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, et al.
    J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2023 Nov;37(11):e23482.
    PMID: 37530602 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23482
    Inflammation is an essential immune response that helps fight infections and heal tissues. However, chronic inflammation has been linked to several diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. This has increased interest in finding natural substances that can modulate the immune system inflammatory signaling pathways to prevent or treat these diseases. Luteolin is a flavonoid found in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects by altering signaling pathways in immune cells. This review article discusses the current research on luteolin's role as a natural immune system modulator of inflammatory signaling mechanisms, such as its effects on nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinases, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, and inflammasome signaling processes. The safety profile of luteolin and its potential therapeutic uses in conditions linked to inflammation are also discussed. Overall, the data point to Luteolin's intriguing potential as a natural regulator of immune system inflammatory signaling processes. More research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and possible therapeutic applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy
  8. Effective Modalities of Periodontitis Induction in Rat Model
    Khuda F, Baharin B, Anuar NNM, Satimin BSF, Nasruddin NS
    J Vet Dent, 2024 Jan;41(1):49-57.
    PMID: 37259505 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231178459
    Induction of periodontal disease using the rat model is the preferred model for human periodontal disease studies that are related to gene expression, mechanisms of inflammatory regulation, microbial and host responses, resolution, and the healing process. There are 3 methods that are frequently used to induce periodontal disease, which are: ligature application, oral bacterial inoculation, and the lipopolysaccharide injection technique. In the ligature model, sterile non-absorbable sutures or orthodontic wires are widely used to induce local irritation and bacterial plaque accumulation. Secondly, mono and mixed cultures of periodontal bacteria are inoculated orally by gavage or topical application. Lastly, lipopolysaccharide extracted from pathogenic bacteria can be directly injected into the gingival sulcus to induce inflammation and stimulate osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone loss. Among these methods, ligature application induces inflammation and alveolar bone resorption more promptly compared to other methods. This review will provide an overview of the main induction methods in experimental periodontal disease, with their advantages and disadvantages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/veterinary
  9. Fulltext Unravelling the Mechanisms of Oxidised Low-Density Lipoprotein in Cardiovascular Health: Current Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
    Thangasparan S, Kamisah Y, Ugusman A, Mohamad Anuar NN, Ibrahim N'
    Int J Mol Sci, 2024 Dec 11;25(24).
    PMID: 39769058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252413292
    Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the number one cause of death worldwide, with atherosclerosis, which is the formation of fatty plaques in the arteries, being the most common underlying cause. The activation of inflammatory events and endothelium dysfunction are crucial for the development and pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Elevated circulating levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) have been associated with severity of atherosclerosis. LDL can undergo oxidative modifications, resulting in oxidised LDL (oxLDL). OxLDL has been found to have antigenic potential and contribute significantly to atherosclerosis-associated inflammation by activating innate and adaptive immunity. Various inflammatory stimuli such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) play major roles in atherosclerosis. To date, studies have provided valuable insights into the role of oxLDL in the development of atherosclerosis. However, there remains a gap in understanding the specific pathways involved in this process. This review aims to provide and discuss the mechanisms by which oxLDL modulates signalling pathways that cause cardiovascular diseases by providing in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence. Its critical role in triggering and sustaining endothelial dysfunction highlights its potential as a therapeutic target. Advancing the understanding of its atherogenic role and associated signalling pathways could pave the way for novel targeted therapeutic strategies to combat atherosclerosis more effectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/metabolism
  10. Incorrigible inflammation
    Ariffin H
    Br J Haematol, 2024 Nov;205(5):1679-1680.
    PMID: 39267309 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19773
    Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) that occurs concomitantly with leukaemia can be initially missed due to overlapping clinical features. In a series of three cases, Tanabe and colleagues illustrate the need for prompt recognition of HLH and institution of HLH-directed therapy to prevent hyperinflammation-mediated multi-organ damage and death. Commentary on: Tanabe et al. Paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis develops during prednisolone prephase. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:2031-2035.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation*
  11. Fulltext Polyphenols mitigating inflammatory mechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): focus on the NF-ƙB and JAK/STAT pathways
    Ismail EN, Zakuan N, Othman Z, Vidyadaran S, Mohammad H, Ishak R
    Inflammopharmacology, 2025 Feb;33(2):759-765.
    PMID: 39636381 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01607-8
    The term "inflammatory bowel disease" (IBD) refers to a group of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The necessity for alternative therapeutic approaches is underscored by the fact that although present medicines are successful, they frequently result in considerable adverse effects. Naturally occurring substances included in fruits and vegetables called polyphenols have been shown to have the capacity to control important inflammatory pathways including NF-κB and JAK/STAT, which are essential for the pathophysiology of IBD. The processes by which polyphenols, such as curcumin, EGCG, resveratrol, and quercetin, reduce inflammation are examined in this article. Polyphenols may have therapeutic advantages by blocking the synthesis of cytokines and the activation of immune cells by targeting these pathways. Preclinical study indicates a reduction in intestinal inflammation, which is encouraging. However, more clinical research is needed to determine the clinical relevance of polyphenols in the therapy of IBD, especially with regard to their long-term safety and bioavailability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy; Inflammation/metabolism
  12. Crosstalk between ROS-inflammatory gene expression axis in the progression of lung disorders
    Ashique S, Mishra N, Mantry S, Garg A, Kumar N, Gupta M, et al.
    Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2025 Jan;398(1):417-448.
    PMID: 39196392 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03392-1
    A significant number of deaths and disabilities worldwide are brought on by inflammatory lung diseases. Many inflammatory lung disorders, including chronic respiratory emphysema, resistant asthma, resistance to steroids, and coronavirus-infected lung infections, have severe variants for which there are no viable treatments; as a result, new treatment alternatives are needed. Here, we emphasize how oxidative imbalance contributes to the emergence of provocative lung problems that are challenging to treat. Endogenic antioxidant systems are not enough to avert free radical-mediated damage due to the induced overproduction of ROS. Pro-inflammatory mediators are then produced due to intracellular signaling events, which can harm the tissue and worsen the inflammatory response. Overproduction of ROS causes oxidative stress, which causes lung damage and various disease conditions. Invasive microorganisms or hazardous substances that are inhaled repeatedly can cause an excessive amount of ROS to be produced. By starting signal transduction pathways, increased ROS generation during inflammation may cause recurrent DNA damage and apoptosis and activate proto-oncogenes. This review provides information about new targets for conducting research in related domains or target factors to prevent, control, or treat such inflammatory oxidative stress-induced inflammatory lung disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/genetics; Inflammation/metabolism
  13. SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Inflammation, Immunonutrition, and Pathogenesis of COVID-19
    Yu L, Abd Ghani MK, Aghemo A, Barh D, Bassetti M, Catena F, et al.
    Curr Med Chem, 2023;30(39):4390-4408.
    PMID: 36998130 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230330092725
    The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has claimed millions of lives worldwide in the past two years. Fatalities among the elderly with underlying cardiovascular disease, lung disease, and diabetes have particularly been high. A bibliometrics analysis on author's keywords was carried out, and searched for possible links between various coronavirus studies over the past 50 years, and integrated them. We found keywords like immune system, immunity, nutrition, malnutrition, micronutrients, exercise, inflammation, and hyperinflammation were highly related to each other. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the human immune system is a multilevel super complex system, which employs multiple strategies to contain microorganism infections and restore homeostasis. It was also found that the behavior of the immune system is not able to be described by a single immunological theory. However, one main strategy is "self-destroy and rebuild", which consists of a series of inflammatory responses: 1) active self-destruction of damaged/dysfunctional somatic cells; 2) removal of debris and cells; 3) rebuilding tissues. Thus, invading microorganisms' clearance could be only a passive bystander response to this destroy-rebuild process. Microbial infections could be self-limiting and promoted as an indispensable essential nutrition for the vast number of genes existing in the microorganisms. The transient nutrition surge resulting from the degradation of the self-destroyed cell debris coupled with the existing nutrition state in the patient may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Finally, a few possible coping strategies to mitigate COVID-19, including vaccination, are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation
  14. Inflammation of the external auditory meatus from the practical point of view
    SWEEDMAN KF
    Med J Malaya, 1960 Jun;14:232-41.
    PMID: 13774254
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation*
  15. Fulltext Role of Terpenophenolics in Modulating Inflammation and Apoptosis in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review
    Abdul Ghani MA, Ugusman A, Latip J, Zainalabidin S
    Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Mar 10;24(6).
    PMID: 36982410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065339
    One in every three deaths worldwide is caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), estimating a total of 17.9 million deaths annually. By 2030, it is expected that more than 24 million people will die from CVDs related complications. The most common CVDs are coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hypertension. A plethora of studies has shown inflammation causing both short-term and long-term damage to the tissues in many organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. In parallel to inflammation processes, it has been discovered that apoptosis, a mode of programmed cell death, may also contribute to CVD development due to the loss of cardiomyocytes. Terpenophenolic compounds are comprised of terpenes and natural phenols as secondary metabolites by plants and are commonly found in the genus Humulus and Cannabis. A growing body of evidence has shown that terpenophenolic compounds exhibit protective properties against inflammation and apoptosis within the cardiovascular system. This review highlights the current evidence elucidating the molecular actions of terpenophenolic compounds in protecting the cardiovascular system, i.e., bakuchiol, ferruginol, carnosic acid, carnosol, carvacrol, thymol and hinokitiol. The potential of these compounds is discussed as the new nutraceutical drugs that may help to decrease the burden of cardiovascular disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy
  16. Fulltext Targeting Breast Cancer Signaling via Phytomedicine and Nanomedicine
    Ansari JA, Malik JA, Ahmed S, Bhat FA, Khanam A, Mir SA, et al.
    Pharmacology, 2023;108(6):504-520.
    PMID: 37748454 DOI: 10.1159/000531802
    BACKGROUND: The development of breast cancer (BC) and how it responds to treatment have both been linked to the involvement of inflammation. Chronic inflammation is critical in carcinogenesis, leading to elevated DNA damage, impaired DNA repair machinery, cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion. Studies have found several targets that selectively modulate inflammation in cancer, limit BC's growth, and boost treatment effectiveness. Drug resistance and the absence of efficient therapeutics for metastatic and triple-negative BC contribute to the poor outlook of BC patients.

    SUMMARY: To treat BC, small-molecule inhibitors, phytomedicines, and nanoparticles are conjugated to attenuate BC signaling pathways. Due to their numerous target mechanisms and strong safety records, phytomedicines and nanomedicines have received much attention in studies examining their prospects as anti-BC agents by such unfulfilled demands.

    KEY MESSAGES: The processes involved in the affiliation across the progression of tumors and the spread of inflammation are highlighted in this review. Furthermore, we included many drugs now undergoing clinical trials that target cancer-mediated inflammatory pathways, cutting-edge nanotechnology-derived delivery systems, and a variety of phytomedicines that presently address BC.

    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy
  17. Role of MicroRNAs in Inflammatory Joint Diseases: A Review
    Syed NH, Mussa A, Elmi AH, Jamal Al-Khreisat M, Ahmad Mohd Zain MR, Nurul AA
    Immunol Invest, 2024 Feb;53(2):185-209.
    PMID: 38095847 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2293095
    Inflammatory arthritis commonly initiates in the soft tissues lining the joint. This lining swells, as do the cells in it and inside the joint fluid, producing chemicals that induce inflammation signs such as heat, redness, and swelling. MicroRNA (miRNA), a subset of non-coding small RNA molecules, post-transcriptionally controls gene expression by targeting their messenger RNA. MiRNAs modulate approximately 1/3 of the human genome with their multiple targets. Recently, they have been extensively studied as key modulators of the innate and adaptive immune systems in diseases such as allergic disorders, types of cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. However, research on the different inflammatory joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, Lyme disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis, remains in its infancy. This review presents a deeper understanding of miRNA biogenesis and the functions of miRNAs in modulating the immune and inflammatory responses in the above-mentioned inflammatory joint diseases. According to the literature, it has been demonstrated that the development of inflammatory joint disorders is closely related to different miRNAs and their specific regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, they may present as possible prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for all diseases and may help in developing a therapeutic response. However, further studies are needed to determine whether manipulating miRNAs can influence the development and progression of inflammatory joint disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/genetics
  18. Immune-mediated Pathogenesis and Therapies for Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases
    Islam MA, Kamal MA, Md Zulfiker AH, Gan SH
    Curr Pharm Des, 2019;25(27):2907-2908.
    PMID: 31621552 DOI: 10.2174/138161282527191007151037
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/physiopathology; Inflammation/therapy
  19. Enlightening the role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in inflammation: Updates on receptor signalling
    Paudel YN, Angelopoulou E, Piperi C, Balasubramaniam VRMT, Othman I, Shaikh MF
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2019 Sep 05;858:172487.
    PMID: 31229535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172487
    High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous protein, released passively by necrotic tissues or secreted actively by stressed cells. Extracellular HMGB1 is a typical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule which generates different redox types through binding with several receptors and signalling molecules, aggravating a range of cellular responses, including inflammation. HMGB1 is reported to participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, through the interaction with pivotal transmembrane receptors, including the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4). This review aims to highlight the role of HMGB1 in the innate inflammatory response describing its interaction with several cofactors and receptors that coordinate its downstream effects. Novel and underexplored HMGB1 binding molecules that have been actively involved in HMGB1-mediated inflammatory diseases/conditions with therapeutic potential are further discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/metabolism; Inflammation/pathology
  20. Fulltext Bioprospecting of microalgae metabolites against cytokine storm syndrome during COVID-19
    Wan Afifudeen CL, Teh KY, Cha TS
    Mol Biol Rep, 2022 Feb;49(2):1475-1490.
    PMID: 34751914 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06903-y
    In viral respiratory infections, disrupted pathophysiological outcomes have been attributed to hyper-activated and unresolved inflammation responses of the immune system. Integration between available drugs and natural therapeutics have reported benefits in relieving inflammation-related physiological outcomes and microalgae may be a feasible source from which to draw from against future coronavirus-infections. Microalgae represent a large and diverse source of chemically functional compounds such as carotenoids and lipids that possess various bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore in this paper, some implicated pathways causing inflammation in viral respiratory infections are discussed and juxtaposed along with available research done on several microalgal metabolites. Additionally, the therapeutic properties of some known anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulating compounds sourced from microalgae are reported for added clarity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy; Inflammation/metabolism
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