MyMedR

Diagnosis and treatment of acute renal failure

Chua CT

Family Physician, 1991;3:16-8.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury

Statin therapy for patients with diabetic nephropathy: balance between safety and efficacy of statin treatment for patients with impaired kidney function

Jairoun AA, Ping CC, Ibrahim B

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2023 Nov;27(21):10595-10604.

PMID: 37975384 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202311_34339

The International Diabetes Federation estimates that by 2035, there will be 592 million people with diabetes worldwide, substantially increasing from the 382 million patients with diabetes recorded in 2013. Diabetes-related nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Recently, the therapeutic use of statins in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) was explored in a series of meta-analyses, which revealed their potential for decreasing mortality and cardiovascular complications in this population, although not in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The current study reviews the current state of knowledge on statin therapy regarding its safety and efficacy concerning renal outcomes in diabetic patients with CKD. The evidence shows that statins may offer a beneficial renoprotective effect in inhibiting the progression of renal function decline. This effect is time-dependent and particularly strong in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. In addition, whether certain statin types are more beneficial than others in slowing renal function loss and reducing proteinuria remains unclear. Prior research has not examined the impact of high-intensity statin therapy on CKD patient outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney

Fulltext Nephrectomy for a case of intrarenal dermoid cyst: was it an appropriate decision?

Christopher, C.K.H., Praveen, S., Goh, E.H., Tan, G.H., Rozman, Z., Zulkifli, M.Z., et al.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2011;1(1):25-27.

MyJurnal

Dermoid cyst in a kidney is rarely seen. We report a case of intrarenal dermoid cyst which mimics malignant renal tumour and discuss the dilemma in managing this disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney; Kidney Neoplasms

Clinical notes. I. Enteric fever in children. II. Kidney disease in the tropics

Kirk J

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1905.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases

Abstracts of the 11th Asian Pacific Congress of Nephrology, incorporating the 15th Asian Colloquium in Nephrology and 2nd Asian Forum of CKD Initiative. May 5-8, 2008. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Nephrology (Carlton), 2008 May;13 Suppl 1:A1-98.

PMID: 18412802 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2008.00953.x

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases*; Kidney Failure, Chronic

Fulltext Metastatic neuroendocrine tumor of small cell type in a kidney transplant recipient

Mohd Kamil A, Draman CR, Seman MR, Kalavathy R, Mubarak MY

Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2016 Jul-Aug;27(4):787-90.

PMID: 27424699 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.185259

Malignancy is a significant long-term complication of successful renal transplantation. Not only the rate is higher but also cases are highly aggressive. We report a case of metastatic, small cell, neuroendocrine tumor in a post-renal transplant patient with progressive left inguinal nodes and right lumbar swellings. He had a remarkably elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase levels with multiple metastatic masses in the left inguinal, left iliac fossa, and right lower abdominal wall on abdominal computed tomography scan. Excisional biopsy of a left inguinal node revealed extensive infiltration with malignant cells in it. Immunohistochemistry staining was positive for synaptophysin, prostatic specific antigen, and CD56. While the primary small cell carcinoma of genitourinary organs is rare, the case illustrates the highly aggressive nature of the disease in a kidney transplant recipient.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney; Kidney Neoplasms; Kidney Transplantation

Fulltext Impact of COVID-19 on nephropathy in diabetes mellitus type-II patients: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Azim T, Khan AH, Sadiq F, Sulaiman SAS, Khan A, Ain Q

BMC Nephrol, 2024 Nov 06;25(1):399.

PMID: 39506723 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03821-6

BACKGROUND: Recent reports have revealed that nephropathy leading to kidney injury (KI) is a prevalent complication of COVID-19 and is linked to high mortality and morbidity in diabetes mellitus type II (DM-T-II) patients. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to critically analyze existing studies and evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on nephropathy and kidney injury in diabetes mellitus type II (DM-T-II) patients.

METHOD: A systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science (WoS), PubMed and Cochrane databases for relevant studies published between March 2020 and July 2023. To ensure the integrity of the systematic literature review and meta-analysis, observational studies that specifically reported post-COVID-19 kidney injury in DM-T2 patients were included, whereas we did not include articles in the press, meta-analyses, case reports, case series, Diabetes Type-I articles or non-English papers. The primary outcome was kidney injury in patients with type II diabetes after contracting COVID-19. The protocol for this study was published on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42023413887).

RESULTS: Initially, 6,339 articles were included in the search, from which only 6 observational studies were selected by following the 2020 PRISMA statement. The quality of the evidence was assessed by a tool provided by the National Institutes of Health (observational studies). The total number of participants included in the studies was 14,723. Our systematic literature review and meta-analysis provide compelling evidence that kidney injury is a prevalent complication of COVID-19 infection in the type II diabetes population, with a pooled odds ratio of 2.27 (95% CI: 2.05-2.51; p

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology; Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology

Multiphase renal CT in the evaluation of renal masses: is the nephrographic phase necessary?

Songib NA, Nazri M, Yaakup NA, Nor HM, Sun Z

Clin Imaging, 2013 Nov-Dec;37(6):1037-42.

PMID: 24035803 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2013.08.005

The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of eliminating the nephrographic phase from the four-phase renal computed tomography (CT) imaging to a three-phase protocol without affecting its diagnostic value. Thirty patients undergoing four-phase renal CT scans for assessment of renal lesions (>10 mm) were included in the study. A three-phase renal CT, without nephrographic phase, had similar diagnostic ability to a four-phase renal CT in the detection and characterization of renal lesions. A three-phase CT (plain, corticomedullary, and excretory phase) is therefore adequate in the clinical diagnosis of renal lesions.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Cortex/pathology; Kidney Cortex/radiography*; Kidney Medulla/pathology; Kidney Medulla/radiography*; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology; Kidney Neoplasms/radiography*

Fulltext End stage renal failure mimicking as acute renal failure in developing countries

Lal C, Gupta A, Khaira A, Tiwari SC

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):184.

PMID: 20058588

Sir, We here are highlighting the scenario of presentation of renal dysfunction in developing countries like India where a large number of patients present clinically as acute renal failure (ARF) but on thorough evaluation found to have advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD stages 4 and 5)1 . Historically these patients are symptomatic for few days prior to presenting. Preceding slight unwell-ness is ignored either by patient or his family physician. They are often being treated with non-specific medications like analgesics and multivitamins which act as placebo. Iron deficiency anemia is unevaluated for a renal cause. Non-standardized laboratories under diagnose early CKD. Ultrasound imaging too is of poor quality. All the more there are no nationalized health screening programmes. To add to the dismal scenario, at the tertiary care centres they are initially admitted as ARF, with a hope of significant recovery. But later on they turn out to be CKD 5.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis*; Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis*

Fulltext Notes on a case of cystic kidney

Viswalingam A

Ind Med Gaz, 1920 Jun;55(6):220.

PMID: 29008210

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney

Papillary carcinoma of the renal pelvis

YEOH GS

Med J Malaya, 1954 Jun;8(4):351-7.

PMID: 13193273

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms*; Kidney Pelvis*

Calculation of Mean Kidney Dose for a Co-57 External Radiation Source

Supian Samat

Sains Malaysiana, 1996;25.

A description is given of the numerical integration method for the calculation of the mean kidney dose for a Co-57 external radiation source. Based on this theory, a computer program was written. Initial calculation of the kidney volume shows that the method has a good accuracy. For the mean kidney dose, this method gives a satisfactory result, since the calculated value lies within the acceptable range of the central axis depth dose.
Satu huraian diberikan tentang kaedah pengkamiran berangka untuk mengira dos buah pinggang purata untuk satu sumber sinaran luar Co-57. Berdasarkan teori ini, satu program komputer ditulis. Pengiraan awal isipadu buah pinggang menunjukkan yang kaedah ini mempunyai ketepatan yang baik. Untuk dos buah pinggang purata, kaedah ini memberikan keputusan yang baik, kerana nilai kiraan terletak diantara julat dos kedalaman paksi pusat yang diterima.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney

Ethical aspects of unrelated kidney donor programme

Nadesan K

JUMMEC, 1996;1:37-39.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney

Bicornuate bicollis uterus with right cervical stenosis and ipsilateral renal agenesis

Nik Mhd Nor NS, Ahmad Khairuddin SND, Ramli R

BMJ Case Rep, 2024 Jan 09;17(1).

PMID: 38199665 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-259175

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/abnormalities*; Kidney Diseases/congenital*

Osmotic nephropathy triggered by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in a patient with IgA nephropathy

Lim CTS, Fuah KW, Chew CL

BMJ Case Rep, 2025 Mar 25;18(3).

PMID: 40132923 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-263859

A woman with biopsy-confirmed IgA nephropathy (IgAN) presented with persistent non-nephrotic range proteinuria and stage 3b chronic kidney disease (CKD). Her treatment regimen included the initiation of a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), dapagliflozin, starting at 5 mg daily and later titrated to 10 mg daily after several months. Following the dose increase, she developed significant acute-on-chronic kidney injury. Despite discontinuing the SGLT2i, her renal function did not recover. A subsequent kidney biopsy revealed findings consistent with osmotic tubulopathy with worsening IgAN. This case highlights a rare but important adverse effect of SGLT2i, particularly in patients with pre-existing CKD. While initial expert guidance advised against routine renal function monitoring to avoid premature discontinuation due to the expected transient rise in creatinine, evolving clinical experience suggests that individualised monitoring may be necessary in high-risk patients. Future guidelines will need to clarify how to balance these considerations to optimise patient outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology; Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced

Renal diseases in pregnancy: a clinical review and appraisal

Sinnathuray TA

Med J Malaya, 1971 Jun;25(4):253-6.

PMID: 4261295

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/complications; Kidney Diseases*; Kidney Diseases, Cystic/complications; Acute Kidney Injury/complications

Fulltext A New Local Fractional Entropy-Based Model for Kidney MRI Image Enhancement

Al-Shamasneh AR, Jalab HA, Palaiahnakote S, Obaidellah UH, Ibrahim RW, El-Melegy MT

Entropy (Basel), 2018 May 05;20(5).

PMID: 33265434 DOI: 10.3390/e20050344

Kidney image enhancement is challenging due to the unpredictable quality of MRI images, as well as the nature of kidney diseases. The focus of this work is on kidney images enhancement by proposing a new Local Fractional Entropy (LFE)-based model. The proposed model estimates the probability of pixels that represent edges based on the entropy of the neighboring pixels, which results in local fractional entropy. When there is a small change in the intensity values (indicating the presence of edge in the image), the local fractional entropy gives fine image details. Similarly, when no change in intensity values is present (indicating smooth texture), the LFE does not provide fine details, based on the fact that there is no edge information. Tests were conducted on a large dataset of different, poor-quality kidney images to show that the proposed model is useful and effective. A comparative study with the classical methods, coupled with the latest enhancement methods, shows that the proposed model outperforms the existing methods.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney; Kidney Diseases

Shear Wave Elastography: A Review on the Confounding Factors and Their Potential Mitigation in Detecting Chronic Kidney Disease

Lim WTH, Ooi EH, Foo JJ, Ng KH, Wong JHD, Leong SS

Ultrasound Med Biol, 2021 08;47(8):2033-2047.

PMID: 33958257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.03.030

Early detection of chronic kidney disease is important to prevent progression of irreversible kidney damage, reducing the need for renal transplantation. Shear wave elastography is ideal as a quantitative imaging modality to detect chronic kidney disease because of its non-invasive nature, low cost and portability, making it highly accessible. However, the complexity of the kidney architecture and its tissue properties give rise to various confounding factors that affect the reliability of shear wave elastography in detecting chronic kidney disease, thus limiting its application to clinical trials. The objective of this review is to highlight the confounding factors presented by the complex properties of the kidney, in addition to outlining potential mitigation strategies, along with the prospect of increasing the versatility and reliability of shear wave elastography in detecting chronic kidney disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/blood supply

Fulltext Careful selection of predictor variables of AKI for robust regression model in Intensive Care Unit

Mallhi TH, Khan AH, Sarriff A, Adnan AS, Khan YH

J Bras Nefrol, 2016 12;38(4):483-484.

PMID: 28001178 DOI: 10.5935/0101-2800.20160078

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury*

Fulltext Dengue and acute kidney injury: A need for aggressive maneuvers

Mallhi TH, Khan AH, Khan YH, Adnan AS, Sarriff A

Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2017 5 26;28(3):667-669.

PMID: 28540914 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.206453

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury*

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