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Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of Yellow Pigmented Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JY-13T, the First Halophile Strain of the Genus Jeotgalibacillus

Yaakop AS, Chan KG, Gan HM, Goh KM

Genome Announc, 2015;3(5).
PMID: 26494670 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01224-15

Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JY-13(T) (=KCCM 80002(T) = JCM 10872(T)) is a moderate halophile. In 2001, this was the first strain of the newly proposed Jeotgalibacillus genus. The draft genome of J. alimentarius was found to consist of 32 contigs (N50, 315,125 bp) with a total size of 3,364,745 bp. This genome information will be helpful for studies on pigmentation as well as applications for this bacterium.

Matched MeSH terms: Pigmentation; Pigmentation Disorders
Heterochromia iridis: More than beautiful eyes

Saniasiaya J

Postgrad Med J, 2020 11;96(1141):721.
PMID: 32144119 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137621
Matched MeSH terms: Pigmentation Disorders*
Diversity of Asian skin: A review on skin biophysical properties

Goh CF

Exp Dermatol, 2024 Jan;33(1):e14959.
PMID: 37864434 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14959

Asian is home to dozens of different ethnic groups that are characterised by fascinating social and cultural variations. Unfortunately, existing literature on the skin properties of Asians tends to group this diverse population solely based on skin colour, perpetuating the misconception and stereotype that all Asian skin is the same. While Asia is one of the largest continents in the world, the difference in the geographical location and climate have long shaped the population into various ethnic groups with significant differences in the collective and diverse customs, traditions, cultures and living habits. The diverse ethnic groups in this region hint us that their skin biophysical characteristics can be very different from each other. This review features the profiling of the distinctive skin biophysical properties of Asians. We learn more about the different ethnic groups in Asia and acknowledge the unique skin biophysical properties even from the same country.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Pigmentation*
Determination of melanin types and relative concentrations: an observational study using a non-invasive inverse skin reflectance analysis

Hani AF, Baba R, Shamsuddin N, Nugroho H

Int J Cosmet Sci, 2014 Oct;36(5):451-8.
PMID: 24925684 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12147

OBJECTIVE: Melanin is a major skin colour pigment that is made up of eumelanin (the dark brown-black colour) and pheomelanin (the light red-yellow colour) pigments. Skin-whitening products typically contain depigmentation agents that reduce the level of pigmentation by changing the pheomelanin-eumelanin production. Similarly, in skin pigment treatment of skin disorders, the melanin production is managed accordingly. To assess and improve treatment efficacy, it is important to have a measurement tool that is capable of determining the melanin types objectively. So far, the efficacy assessment is subjective. In this study, an inverse skin reflectance pigmentation analysis system that determines eumelanin and pheomelanin content is developed and evaluated in an observational study involving 36 participants with skin photo type IV.
METHODS: The reflectance spectra of the left forearms of participants were analysed by the pigmentation analysis system to determine their skin parameters--pheomelanin and eumelanin concentrations, melanosome volume fraction, and epidermal thickness. The determined skin parameters are then inputted into the realistic skin model (RSM) of the Advanced Systems Analyses Program (asap®) to generate the ground truth reflectance spectra for the given skin parameters to validate the system.
RESULTS: The developed pigmentation analysis system is found to be accurate with a spectral error of 0.0163 ± 0.009 between measured reflectance and the reflectance output of the analysis system and RSM. The regression analysis shows a strong linear relationship (R(2) = 0.994) indicating good precision. The relative concentrations of pheomelanin (38.23 ± 15.04) and eumelanin (1.68 ± 0.91) analysed by the system gives a ratio of pheomelanin to eumelanin of 0.048 ± 0.029; this value is consistent with previously reported figure of 0.049.
CONCLUSION: The proposed pigmentation analysis system is able to determine melanin types and their relative concentrations. It has the potential to assess the efficacy of the skin-whitening and pigmentation treatments objectively in a non-invasive manner.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Pigmentation*
Fulltext Designation of a neotype for Enteromiuspallidus (Smith, 1841), an endemic cyprinid minnow from the Cape Fold Ecoregion, South Africa

Martin MB, Chakona A

Zookeys, 2019;848:103-118.
PMID: 31160881 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.848.32211

Enteromiuspallidus was described by Smith in 1841 without a designated type specimen for the species. Herein, we designate a specimen from the Baakens River system as a neotype for E.pallidus and provide a thorough description for this species to facilitate ongoing taxonomic revisions of southern African Enteromius. Enteromiuspallidus can be distinguished from the other minnows in the "goldie barb group" by having an incomplete lateral line, lack of distinct chevron or tubular markings around lateral line pores, absence of a distinct lateral stripe, absence of wavy parallel lines along scale rows and lack of black pigmentation around the borders of the scales. We provide mtDNA COI sequences for the neotype and an additional specimen from the Baakens River as DNA barcodes of types and topotypes are a fundamental requirement for further taxonomic studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Pigmentation; Pigmentation Disorders
Incontinentia pigmenti

TEIK KO, SMITH GD, SUN CE

Med J Malaya, 1959 Sep;14:17-26.
PMID: 13837285
Matched MeSH terms: Pigmentation Disorders*
Fulltext Baseline coral disease surveys within three marine parks in Sabah, Borneo

Miller J, Sweet MJ, Wood E, Bythell J

PeerJ, 2015;3:e1391.
PMID: 26732905 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1391

Two of the most significant threats to coral reefs worldwide are bleaching and disease. However, there has been a scarcity of research on coral disease in South-East Asia, despite the high biodiversity and the strong dependence of local communities on the reefs in the region. This study provides baseline data on coral disease frequencies within three national parks in Sabah, Borneo, which exhibit different levels of human impacts and management histories. High mean coral cover (55%) and variable disease frequency (mean 0.25 diseased colonies m(-2)) were found across the three sites. Highest disease frequency (0.44 diseased colonies per m(2)) was seen at the site closest to coastal population centres. Bleaching and pigmentation responses were actually higher at Sipadan, the more remote, offshore site, whereas none of the other coral diseases detected in the other two parks were detected in Sipadan. Results of this study offer a baseline dataset of disease in these parks and indicate the need for continued monitoring, and suggest that coral colonies in parks under higher anthropogenic stressors and with lower coral cover may be more susceptible to contracting disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Pigmentation; Pigmentation Disorders
Fulltext Hypomelanosis of Ito

Choo KE

Med J Malaysia, 1983 Jun;38(2):167-9.
PMID: 6621451

Two cases of Hypomelanosis of Ito are described; presenting with depigmented whorl-like, zig-zag, bizzare cutaneous manifestations associated with central nervous system disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Pigmentation Disorders*
Fulltext Counting stripes: revision of the Lipinia vittigera complex (Reptilia, Squamata, Scincidae) with description of two new species from Indochina

Poyarkov NA, Geissler P, Gorin VA, Dunayev EA, Hartmann T, Suwannapoom C

Zool Res, 2019 Sep 18;40(5):358-393.
PMID: 31502426 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.052

We provide an integrative taxonomic analysis of the Lipinia vittigera species complex from mainland Southeast Asia. Based on examination of external morphology, color pattern, and 681 base pairs of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene, we demonstrate the presence of four morphologically distinct lineages of Lipinia in Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, and Malaysia, showing a sequence divergence ranging 15.5%-20.4%. All discovered lineages are discretely diagnosable from one another by a combination of scalation traits and color patterns. A review of the published distribution data and a re-examination of available type material revealed the following results:(1) distribution of L. vittigera (Boulenger, 1894) sensu stricto is restricted to Sundaland and the Thai-Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra; (2) L. microcercus (Boettger, 1901) stat. nov. is elevated to full species rank; the species has a wide distribution from central and southern Vietnam across Cambodia to eastern Thailand; we regard Lygosoma vittigerum kronfanum Smith, 1922 and Leiolopisma pranensis Cochran, 1930 as its junior synonyms; (3) Lipinia trivittatasp. nov. occurs in hilly areas of southern Vietnam, Cambodia, and eastern Thailand; and (4) Lipinia vassilievisp. nov. is currently known only from a narrow area along the Vietnamese-Cambodian border in the foothills of the central Annamite Mountain Range. We further provide an identification key for Lipinia occurring in mainland Southeast Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Pigmentation*
Malaysian primate trypanosomes: intra-cytoplasmic pigment

Weinman D

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1971 Mar;2(1):87.
PMID: 5000126
Matched MeSH terms: Pigmentation*
Pixel-based skin colour detection techniques evaluation

Alnned M. Mharib, Mohammad Hamiruce Marhaban, Abdul Rahman Ramli

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2007;15(2):131-137.
MyJurnal

Skin detection has gained popularity and importance in the computer vision community. It is an essential step for important vision tasks such as the detection, tracking and recognition of face, segmentation of hand for gesture analysis, person identification, as well as video surveillance and filtering of objectionable web images. All these applications are based on the assumption that the regions of the human skin are already located. In the recent past, numerous techniques for skin colour modeling and recognition have been proposed. The aims of this paper are to compile the published pixel-based skin colour detection techniques to describe their key concepts and try to find out and summarize their advantages, disadvantages and characteristic features.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Pigmentation
Melanonychia striata: clarifying behind the Black Curtain. A review on clinical evaluation and management of the 21st century

Leung AKC, Lam JM, Leong KF, Sergi CM

Int J Dermatol, 2019 Nov;58(11):1239-1245.
PMID: 31006857 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14464

Melanonychia striata is characterized by a tan, brown, or black longitudinal streak within the nail plate that runs from the proximal nail fold to the distal part of the nail plate. Melanonychia striata is due to increased activity of melanocytes or melanocytic hyperplasia in the nail matrix with subsequently increased melanin deposition in the nail plate. The most common cause of melanonychia striata associated with melanocytic activation is ethnic melanonychia which occurs in dark-skinned individuals. Other causes of melanonychia striata related to melanocytic activation include pregnancy, chronic local trauma, infections, medications, dermatological disorders, endocrine disorders, alkaptonuria, hemochromatosis, porphyria, graft-vs-host disease, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and Laugier-Hunziker syndrome. Causes of melanonychia striata associated with melanocytic hyperplasia include nail matrix melanocytic nevus, nail lentigo, and nail apparatus/subungual in situ and invasive melanoma. In most cases, melanonychia striata is a benign condition, especially in children. Consequently, most investigators advocate a wait-and-see approach. Nail apparatus/subungual melanoma should be suspected if there is an abrupt onset after middle age, personal or family history of melanoma, rapid growth, darkening of a melanonychia band, pigment variegation, blurry lateral borders, irregular elevation of the surface, a bandwidth >3 mm, proximal widening, associated nail plate dystrophy, single rather than multiple digit involvement, and periungual spread of pigmentation onto the adjacent cuticle and/or proximal and/or lateral nail folds (Hutchinson sign). Prolonged follow-up is mandatory for early detection of possible malignant changes.

Matched MeSH terms: Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis*; Pigmentation Disorders/pathology; Pigmentation Disorders/therapy
Impact of Digital Advertising Policy on Harmful Product Promotion: Natural Language Processing Analysis of Skin-Lightening Ads

Lu J, Chua SN, Kavanaugh JR, Prashar J, Ndip-Agbor E, Santoso M, et al.

Am J Prev Med, 2024 Dec;67(6):811-819.
PMID: 39306774 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.006

INTRODUCTION: Starting June 30, 2022, Google implemented its revised Inappropriate Content Advertising Policy, targeting discriminatory skin-lightening ads that suggest superiority of certain skin shades. This study evaluates the ad content changes from 2 weeks before to 2 weeks after the policy's enforcement.
METHODS: Text ads from Google searches in eight countries (Bahamas, Germany, India, Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, and United States) were collected in 2022, totaling 1,974 prepolicy and 3,262 post-policy ads, and analyzed in 2023. A gold standard database was established by two coders who labeled 707 ads, which trained five natural language processing models to label the ads, covering content and target demographics. The descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic models were applied to analyze content before versus after policy implementation, both globally and by country.
RESULTS: Vertex AI emerged as the best natural language processing model with the highest F1 score of 0.87. There were significant decreases from pre- to post-policy implementation in the prevalence of labels of "Racial or Ethnic Identification" and "Ingredients: Natural" by 47% and 66%, respectively. Notable differences were identified from pre- to post-policy implementation in India, Mexico, and Germany.
CONCLUSIONS: The study observed changes in skin-lightening product advertisement labels from pre- to post-policy implementation, both globally and within countries. Considering the influence of digital advertising on colorist norms, assessing digital ad policy changes is crucial for public health surveillance. This study presents a computational method to help monitor digital platform policies for consumer product advertisements that affect public health.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Pigmentation
Fulltext Hyperspectral venous image quality assessment for optimum illumination range selection based on skin tone characteristics

Shahzad A, Saad MN, Walter N, Malik AS, Meriaudeau F

Biomed Eng Online, 2014;13:109.
PMID: 25087016 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925X-13-109

Subcutaneous veins localization is usually performed manually by medical staff to find suitable vein to insert catheter for medication delivery or blood sample function. The rule of thumb is to find large and straight enough vein for the medication to flow inside of the selected blood vessel without any obstruction. The problem of peripheral difficult venous access arises when patient's veins are not visible due to any reason like dark skin tone, presence of hair, high body fat or dehydrated condition, etc.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Pigmentation*
Fulltext A hybrid color space for skin detection using genetic algorithm heuristic search and principal component analysis technique

Maktabdar Oghaz M, Maarof MA, Zainal A, Rohani MF, Yaghoubyan SH

PLoS One, 2015;10(8):e0134828.
PMID: 26267377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134828

Color is one of the most prominent features of an image and used in many skin and face detection applications. Color space transformation is widely used by researchers to improve face and skin detection performance. Despite the substantial research efforts in this area, choosing a proper color space in terms of skin and face classification performance which can address issues like illumination variations, various camera characteristics and diversity in skin color tones has remained an open issue. This research proposes a new three-dimensional hybrid color space termed SKN by employing the Genetic Algorithm heuristic and Principal Component Analysis to find the optimal representation of human skin color in over seventeen existing color spaces. Genetic Algorithm heuristic is used to find the optimal color component combination setup in terms of skin detection accuracy while the Principal Component Analysis projects the optimal Genetic Algorithm solution to a less complex dimension. Pixel wise skin detection was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed color space. We have employed four classifiers including Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine and Multilayer Perceptron in order to generate the human skin color predictive model. The proposed color space was compared to some existing color spaces and shows superior results in terms of pixel-wise skin detection accuracy. Experimental results show that by using Random Forest classifier, the proposed SKN color space obtained an average F-score and True Positive Rate of 0.953 and False Positive Rate of 0.0482 which outperformed the existing color spaces in terms of pixel wise skin detection accuracy. The results also indicate that among the classifiers used in this study, Random Forest is the most suitable classifier for pixel wise skin detection applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Pigmentation*
Fulltext The use of r value

Yadav H

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Jun;40(2):143-4.
PMID: 3834287
Matched MeSH terms: Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis
Fulltext Cryptic coloration of Macaranga bancana seedlings: A unique strategy for a pioneer species

Fadzly N, Zuharah WF, Mansor A, Zakaria R

Plant Signal Behav, 2016 07 02;11(7):e1197466.
PMID: 27315145 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1197466

Macaranga bancana is considered as a successful pioneer plant species. Usually found in disturbed and open areas, most of the current research focused on its relations with ants. One of the unique feature of the plants is that the seedling leaves are red, resembling and almost matching the background. Using a portable spectrometer, we measured the color reflectance of M. bancana seedlings (less than 20 cm in height). We also measured the leaf litter reflectance, adult M. bancana leaves and also seedlings of several other species found in the vicinity of M. bancana seedlings. The reflectances of M. bancana seedlings are very similar to that of the leaf litter background. We suggest that this cryptic coloration is crucial during the early stages of the plant when it still cannot rely on the protection of ants.

Matched MeSH terms: Pigmentation/physiology
Intestinal polyposis with pigmentation of oral mucosa and digits (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome); report of a case in a Chinese

YUNIBANDHU J

Med J Malaya, 1957 Dec;12(2):440-7.
PMID: 13515876
Matched MeSH terms: Pigmentation*
Efficacy of surgical laser therapy in the management of oral pigmented lesions: A systematic review

Abduljabbar T, Vohra F, Akram Z, Ghani SMA, Al-Hamoudi N, Javed F

J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol., 2017 Aug;173:353-359.
PMID: 28641206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.016

BACKGROUND: Oral pigmentation, especially in the gingiva poses esthetic problems. Laser therapy has been widely used for cosmetic therapy in dentistry. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the efficacy of surgical laser therapy (SLT) in the management of oral pigmented lesions (OPL).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The addressed focused question was "Is SLT effective in the management of OPL?" Databases (MEDLINE via PubMed; EMBASE; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register databases) were searched from 1970 up to and including February 2017.
RESULTS: Ten studies were included. The reported number of OPL ranged between 8 and 140. Oral pigmented sites included, gingiva, buccal and labial mucosa, alveolar mucosa and lips. Lasers used in the studies included Q-switched alexandrite, Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet, diode, Erbium: yttrium aluminium garnet and carbon dioxide laser. Laser wavelength, power output and number of irradiations were 635-10,600nm, 1-10W and 1 to 9 times, respectively. The follow up period ranged from 6 to 24months. All studies reported SLT to be effective in the treatment of OPL. In five studies, recurrence of OPL occurred which ranged from 21.4% to 45%.
CONCLUSIONS: Lasers are effective in the management of OPL including physiologic gingival pigmentation, smokers' melanosis and pigmentation in Laugier-Hunziker syndrome. Different laser types (CO2, Er:YAG and Diode) showed comparable outcomes in the treatment of OPL.

Matched MeSH terms: Pigmentation/radiation effects*
Fulltext Revealing the power of the natural red pigment lycopene

Kong KW, Khoo HE, Prasad KN, Ismail A, Tan CP, Rajab NF

Molecules, 2010 Feb 23;15(2):959-87.
PMID: 20335956 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15020959

By-products derived from food processing are attractive source for their valuable bioactive components and color pigments. These by-products are useful for development as functional foods, nutraceuticals, food ingredients, additives, and also as cosmetic products. Lycopene is a bioactive red colored pigment naturally occurring in plants. Industrial by-products obtained from the plants are the good sources of lycopene. Interest in lycopene is increasing due to increasing evidence proving its preventive properties toward numerous diseases. In vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies have demonstrated that lycopene-rich foods are inversely associated to diseases such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and others. This paper also reviews the properties, absorption, transportation, and distribution of lycopene and its by-products in human body. The mechanism of action and interaction of lycopene with other bioactive compounds are also discussed, because these are the crucial features for beneficial role of lycopene. However, information on the effect of food processing on lycopene stability and availability was discussed for better understanding of its characteristics.

Matched MeSH terms: Pigmentation*

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