Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 40 in total

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  1. Chelliah, Kanaga Kumari, Lumin, Felecia
    MyJurnal
    Mamografi adalah cara paling efektif untuk mengesan keabnormalan payudara di kalangan wanita. Namun, mamografi dipercayai boleh menyebabkan karsinogenesis aruhan sinaran. Justeru pengukuran dos adalah penting untuk menganggar risiko dan mengawal kualiti imej. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk membandingkan dos glandular purata (AGD) yang diperolehi fantom payudara berdasarkan dua kombinasi anod/penuras yang berbeza iaitu tungsten/rhodium (W/Rh) dan tungsten/argentum (W/Ag). Fantom payudara CIRS 012A didedahkan pada projeksi kraniokaudal (CC) menggunakan sistem mamografi digital Hologic Selenia. Kerma udara kemasukan permukaan (ESAK) diukur menggunakan dosimeter pendar cahaya terma (TLD). AGD diperolehi daripada pengiraan asas ESAK dengan faktor penukaran berdasarkan formula Euref. Ujian t tak bersandar menunjukkan perbezaan bererti dalam purata AGD yang diperolehi. Purata AGD W/Rh adalah lebih tinggi berbanding purata AGD W/Ag (p = 0.002, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.53). Kesimpulannya, penggunaan W/Ag menyumbang kepada pengurangan dos semasa pemeriksaan mamografi.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement
  2. Laila Suryani Elias, Eng M, Ang W, Chelliah K, Abd Aziz Tajuddin, Arasaratnam S, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39:299-303.
    Mammography is used as a screening tool for early detection of breast cancer. However, the radiation dose used should be as low as possible to minimize any effects on asymptomatic woman while maintaining the diagnostic value of the image as mammography is done annually. This study was done to determine the optimum exposure parameter in exposure control mode (AEC) for two combinations of anode/filter which were molybdenum/molybdenum (Mo/Mo) and molybdenum/rhodium (Mo/Rh) using the Lorad Selenia digital mammography system at the Women’s Breast Clinic, National Cancer Society (NCS). A CIRS012A mammography research of phantom 4 cm thickness with 50% glandularity was exposed in the cranio-caudal projection. TLD 100H was used to measure the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK). The AGD values were then calculated from the ESAK values, incorporating three correction factors (g, c and s) according to Euref protocol. Image quality was evaluated using signal to noise ratio (SNR). Figure of Merit (FOM) which is the ratio of the square of SNR to the AGD shows that 30 kVp is the optimum exposure parameter for a 4 cm thickness phantom with the use of Mo/Rh and Mo/Mo anode/filter combination. Non-parametric Spearman correlation test showed a negative linear relationship between AGD and SNR with increasing tube voltage for both anode/filters.
    Keywords: Average glandular dose; CIRS012A phantom; exposure; full field digital mammography
    Study site: Women’s Breast Clinic, National Cancer Society (NCS), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement
  3. Chelliah KK, Tamanang S, Bt Elias LS, Ying KY
    Indian J Med Sci, 2013 11 2;67(1-2):23-8.
    PMID: 24178338
    BACKGROUND: Two digital mammography systems, based on different physical concepts, have been introduced in the last few years namely the full-field digital mammography (FFDM) system and computed radiography-based mammography using digital storage phosphor plate (DSPM).

    AIMS: The objective of this study was to compare the image quality for DSPM and FFDM using a grading scale based on previously published articles.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This comparative diagnostic study was done for 5-month duration at the Breast Clinic. The system used was the Lorad Selenia FFDM system and the Mammomat 3000 Nova DSPM system. The craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique projections were done on both breast on 58 asymptomatic women using both DSPM and FFDM. The mammograms were evaluated for eight criteria of image quality: Tissue coverage, compression, exposure, contrast, resolution, noise, artifact, and sharpness by two independent radiologists.

    STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Weighted Kappa.

    RESULTS: FFDM was rated significantly better (P < 0.05) for five aspects: Tissue coverage, compression, contrast, exposure, and resolution and equal to DSPM for sharpness, noise, and artifact.

    CONCLUSION: FFDM was superior in five aspects and equal to DSPM for three aspects of image quality.

    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement/instrumentation; Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods*
  4. Kanaga KC, Yap HH, Laila SE, Sulaiman T, Zaharah M, Shantini AA
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65(2):119-22.
    PMID: 23756795 MyJurnal
    Full field digital mammography (FFDM) has been progressively introduced in medical centers in recent years. However, it is questionable which exposure parameters are suitable in order to reduce the glandular breast doses as they are related to induced carcinogenesis. The goal of this study was to compare the average glandular doses (AGD) and image quality of three FFDM systems namely Siemens Mammomat NovationDR, Hologic Lorad Selenia and General Electric Senographe Essential using a Figure of Merit. A Computerized Imaging Reference Systems (CIRS) tissue equivalent breast phantom which consists of phototimer compensation plate with different thickness and glandularity was exposed in fully automatic exposure control mode in the cranio-caudal projection similar to clinical settings. Thermoluminescent dosimeter 100H (TLD- 100H) was used to measure the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK), the AGD was calculated using European protocol whilst the image quality was assessed quantitatively by measuring the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) value. The obtained values were used to calculate the Figure of Merit (FOM) to analyze the effectiveness of the system. Repeated Measures ANOVA analysis showed that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean value of AGD and CNR between the three FFDM systems. Hologic Lorad Selenia system contrbuted the highest AGD value while General Electric Senographe Essential had the highest CNR and FOM value. In conclusion, this study may provide an objective criterion during the selection of a mammography unit by using the figure of merit for screening or diagnostic purpose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement*
  5. Langarizadeh M, Mahmud R, Ramli AR, Napis S, Beikzadeh MR, Rahman WE
    J Med Eng Technol, 2011 Feb;35(2):103-8.
    PMID: 21204610 DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2010.542271
    Breast cancer is one of the most important diseases in females worldwide. According to the Malaysian Oncological Society, about 4% of women who are 40 years old and above are involved have breast cancer. Masses and microcalcifications are two important signs of breast cancer diagnosis on mammography. Enhancement techniques, i.e. histogram equalization, histogram stretching and median filters, were used to provide better visualization for radiologists in order to help early detection of breast abnormalities. In this research 60 digital mammogram images which includes 20 normal and 40 confirmed diagnosed cancerous cases were selected and manipulated using the mentioned techniques. The original and manipulated images were scored by three expert radiologists. Results showed that the selected methods have a positive significant effect on image quality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement
  6. Nadzirah Mohamad Radzi, Zafri Azran Abdul Majid
    MyJurnal
    Carabiner is one of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), which is used to protect the users from hazards by reducing any chance of serious injury. Thus, it is very important to detect even a small
    defect on the component before it becomes worse that could give harm to the users. The aim of this paper is to find out the appropriate imaging technical factors of steel carabiner by using computed radiography (CR). Methods: Radiographic images of carabiner were obtained by manipulating the values of kVp and mAs with respect to contrast and density. A preliminary study was carried out to determine the exposure factor combination in order to produce perceptible visual quality of radiographic images. Positioning techniques applied in this study were whole view (open-gate and close-gate position) and screw view (open-gate and close-gate position). An assessor was invited to evaluate the radiographs by using Image Quality Criteria Scoring (ICS) adapted from European Guidelines on Quality Criteria for Diagnostic Radiographic Images. Results: Findings showed that the optimum values of kVp and mAs in imaging whole view (open-gate and close-gate) carabiner were 133 kVp and 28 mAs while, for screw view (opengate and close-gate) the range of kVp and mAs preferred were 121 kVp to 133 kVp and 28 mAs to 36 mAs respectively. Conclusion: This study has found that the use of medical CR to expose metal steel such as
    carabiner is accepted. By manipulating the imaging parameters, CR can produce a good quality image of carabiner.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement
  7. Suhaila Abdul Halim, Arsmah Ibrahim, Yupiter Harangan Prasada Manurung
    Scientific Research Journal, 2012;9(1):15-27.
    MyJurnal
    Accurate inspection of welded materials is important in relation to achieve acceptable standards. Radiography, a non-destructive test method, is commonly used to evaluate the internal condition of a material with respect to defect detection. The presence of noise in low resolution of radiographic images significantly complicates analysis; therefore attaining higher quality radiographic images makes defect detection more readily achievable. This paper presents a study pertaining to the quality enhancement of radiographic images with respect to different types of defects. A series of digital radiographic weld flaw images were smoothed using multiple smoothing techniques to remove inherent noise followed by top and bottom hat morphological transformations. Image quality was evaluated quantitatively with respect to SNR, PSNR and MAE. The results indicate that smoothing enhances the quality of radiographic images, thereby promoting defect detection with the respect to original radiographic images.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement
  8. Logeswaran R
    Med Biol Eng Comput, 2006 Aug;44(8):711-9.
    PMID: 16937213
    This paper proposes a detection scheme for identifying stones in the biliary tract of the body, which is examined using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), a sequence of magnetic resonance imaging targeted at the pancreatobiliary region of the abdomen. The scheme enhances the raw 2D thick slab MRCP images and extracts the biliary structure in the images using a segment-based region-growing approach. Detection of stones is scoped within this extracted structure, by highlighting possible stones. A trained feedforward artificial neural network uses selected features of size and average segment intensity as its input to detect possible stones in MRCP images and eliminate false stone-like objects. The proposed scheme achieved satisfactory results in tests of clinical MRCP thick slab images, indicating potential for implementation in computer-aided diagnosis systems for the liver.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods
  9. Bradley DA, Wong CS, Ng KH
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2000 9 26;53(4-5):691-7.
    PMID: 11003508
    For broad-beam soft X-ray sources, assessment of the quality of image produced by such units is made complex by the low penetration capabilities of the radiation. In the present study we have tested the utility of several types of test tool, some of which have been fabricated by us, as part of an effort to evaluate several key image defining parameters. These include the film characteristic, focal-spot size, image resolution and detail detectability. The two sources of X-rays used in present studies were the University of Malaya flash X-ray device (UMFX1) and a more conventional soft X-ray tube (Softex, Tokyo), the latter operating at peak accelerating potentials of 20 kVp. We have established, for thin objects, that both systems produce images of comparable quality and, in particular, objects can be resolved down to better than 45 microm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods*
  10. Ghazali L, Mohd Yusof MYP, Norman NH
    J Orthod, 2021 03;48(1):5-12.
    PMID: 33200660 DOI: 10.1177/1465312520971641
    OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of reducing scanning parameters of digital dental panoramic tomogram (DPT) and lateral cephalometric (LC) radiographs on quality and diagnostic performance of the images.

    DESIGN: Single-centre prospective two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial.

    SETTING: Orthodontic Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.

    PARTICIPANTS: Adult orthodontic patients aged 18-35 years, indicated for DPT and LC, who were fit and healthy with a body mass index of 18.5-25.0, not contraindicated to radiographic examination, not pregnant, and did not have a history of facial or skeletal abnormalities or bone diseases were included.

    METHODS: Thirty-eight adult orthodontic patients were randomised into control and intervention groups. DPT and LC radiographs in the control group were obtained using standard scanning parameters as prescribed by the manufacturer using Orthopantomograph® OP300 by Instrumentarium. Scanning parameters in the intervention group were reduced by 60% for DPT (60 kV, 3.2 mA) and 30% for LC (85 kV, 8 mA). A five-point rating scale was used for the assessment of image quality. Images were evaluated for diagnostic performance by detection of anatomical landmarks. Mann-Whitney test was performed to compare the quality and diagnostic performance of the images and the observer agreement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

    RESULTS: For image quality, the control group produced slightly lower median scores (DPT 2.0, LC 2.0) compared to the intervention group (DPT 2.0, LC 3.0). For diagnostic performance, both groups showed similar median scores (DPT 21.0, LC 32.0). The differences between control and intervention groups for both modalities were not statistically significant. The average scores for intra-observer agreement were excellent (ICC 0.917) and inter-observer agreement was good (ICC 0.822).

    CONCLUSION: Minimising radiation exposure by reducing scanning parameters on digital DPT by 60% and LC by 30% on Intsrumentarium 300 OP did not affect the quality and diagnostic performance of the images. Thus, scanning parameters on digital DPT and LC should be reduced when taking radiographs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement*
  11. Ranganathan S, Faridah Y, Ng KH
    Singapore Med J, 2007 Sep;48(9):804-7.
    PMID: 17728959
    Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women and represents a significant problem from the clinical and public health perspectives. The aim of this paper is to report our experience of transitioning from screen-film mammography (SFM) to computed radiography mammography (CRM), and finally to full-field digital mammography (FFDM), and to evaluate the performance of these three different types of mammographic systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement*
  12. Khairul Anuar Mohd Salleh, Ab. Razak Hamzah, Wan Muhammad Saridan Wan Hassan
    MyJurnal
    Developments of computer technology and image processing have shifted conventional industrial radiography application to industrial digital radiography (IDR) system. In this study, two types of IDR modules for non destructive testing (NDT), namely drum- and laser- type film digitizer with 50 μm pixel pitch have been evaluated for NDT applications. The modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise power spectrum (NPS) measurement were adapted to evaluate the image quality of IDR images. Results shown the averaged MTF for drum- and laser- type film digitizer at 20% modulation were 6.15 cycles/mm and 6.55 cycles/mm respectively. For NPS measurement and calculation, the result obtained shows that drum type film digitizer produced higher noise then laser type film digitizer. The study shows that the laser type film digitizer is the best system to be used for film digitization purposes because the MTF result shows that it modulates better than drum type and has the lowest and stable NPS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement
  13. Galati F, Marzocca F, Bassetti E, Luciani ML, Tan S, Catalano C, et al.
    Breast care (Basel, Switzerland), 2017 Sep;12(4):218-222.
    PMID: 29070984 DOI: 10.1159/000477537
    BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the added value of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) when combined with digital mammography (DM) in BI-RADS assessment and follow-up management.

    METHODS: From February 2014 to January 2015, 214 patients underwent DM and DBT, acquired with a Siemens Mammomat Inspiration unit. 2 expert readers independently reviewed the studies in 2 steps: DM and DM+DBT, according to BI-RADS rate. Patients with BI-RADS 0, 3, 4, and 5 were recalled for work-up. Inter-reader agreement for BI-RADS rate and work-up rate were evaluated using Cohen's kappa.

    RESULTS: Inter-reader agreement (κ value) for BI-RADS classification was 0.58 for DM and 0.8 for DM+DBT. DM+DBT increased the number of BI-RADS 1, 2, 4, 5 and reduced the number of BI-RADS 0 and 3 for both readers compared to DM alone. Regarding work-up rate agreement, κ was poor for DM and substantial (0.7) for DM+DBT. DM+DBT also reduced the work-up rate for both Reader 1 and Reader 2.

    CONCLUSION: DM+DBT increased the number of negative and benign cases (BI-RADS 1 and 2) and suspicious and malignant cases (BI-RADS 4 and 5), while it reduced the number of BI-RADS 0 and 3. DM+DBT also improved inter-reader agreement and reduced the overall recall for additional imaging or short-interval follow-up.

    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement
  14. Choong MK, Logeswaran R, Bister M
    Int J Med Inform, 2007 Sep;76(9):646-54.
    PMID: 16769242
    This paper concentrates on strategies for less costly handling of medical images. Aspects of digitization using conventional digital cameras, lossy compression with good diagnostic quality, and visualization through less costly monitors are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement/economics*; Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods*
  15. Jamil A, Mohd MI, Zain NM
    Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2018 Dec 01;182(4):413-418.
    PMID: 29767799 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy082
    After years of establishment of computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR), manufacturers have introduced exposure indicator/index (EI) as a feedback mechanism for patient dose. However, EI consistency is uncertain for CR. Most manufacturers recommended EI values in a range of numbers for all examination, instead of giving the exact range for a specific body part, raising a concern of inappropriate exposure given to the patient in clinical practice. The aims of this study were to investigate the EI consistency in DR systems produced in constant exposure parameters and clinical condition, and to determine the interaction between the anatomical part and EI. A phantom study of skull, chest, abdomen and hand was carried out and four systems were used for comparison-Fuji CR, Carestream CR, Siemens DR and Carestream DR. For each projection, the phantom positioning and exposure parameters were set according to the standard clinical practice. All exposure parameters and clinical conditions were kept constant. Twenty (20) exposures were taken for each projection and the EI was recorded. Findings showed that EI is not consistent in DR systems despite constant exposure parameters and clinical condition except in Siemens DR, through skull examination. Statistical analysis showed a significant interaction between anatomical parts and EI values (P < 0.05). EI alone was proven to be less reliable to provide technologist a correct feedback on exposure level. The interaction between anatomical parts and EI values intensifies the need for an anatomical-specific EI values set by all manufacturers for accurate feedback on the exposure parameters used and the detector entrance dose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement/instrumentation*; Radiographic Image Enhancement/standards*
  16. Man Harun S, Faridah Y
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2006 Apr;2(2):e11.
    PMID: 21614223 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.2.e11
    The advent of multislice computed tomography (CT) has revolutionised the performance of body CT and allowed the development of CT angiography (CTA). CTA is a robust and minimally invasive method of visualizing the arterial vascular system. The newer generation of multidetector scans has allowed for shorter scanning times with no respiratory misregistration at peak vascular opacification following peripheral contrast injection. The volume of data obtained from these scans can be further manipulated to generate two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images with no increase in radiation to the patient. Hence, CTA has gained popularity and importance as the alternative diagnostic tool especially for ill patients in which conventional angiography is inadvisable.We present an infant with coarctation of the aorta and hypoplastic aortic arch, in which CT angiography was used to pinpoint the diagnosis. The CT findings were subsequently confirmed at surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement
  17. Tan, Shiuan Lee, Mohd Fadhli Khamis, Albajalan, Osama Bahaa, Norehan Mokhtar
    MyJurnal
    Cephalometric analyses using computer software have more advantages than manual analyses. However, the software should be evaluated for the accuracy and reproducibility before it can be used. The aims of the present study were: 1) to compare the differences in accuracy and precision between utilizing scanned images and soft copy images with the software 2) to assess the reproducibility of software and manual cephalometric analyses. Fifteen cephalograms were selected randomly from the Record Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. All films had 10 fiducial points marked and were scanned at 75 dots per inch (dpi) and 300 dpi. Manual and digital measurements were compared to obtain magnification factors. Seven digital x-ray images of a caliper were taken. The mean differences were measured between the fixed caliper measurement and digital measurements. Subsequently, 37 cephalograms were traced manually and digitally with Computer-Assisted Simulation System for Orthognathic Surgery (CASSOS) software to assess its accuracy and reproducibility after applying the obtained magnification factor. Steiner analysis was utilized and T tests were used to evaluate the mean difference. P
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement
  18. Teh V, Sim KS, Wong EK
    Scanning, 2016 Nov;38(6):842-856.
    PMID: 27302216 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21334
    According to the statistic from World Health Organization (WHO), stroke is one of the major causes of death globally. Computed tomography (CT) scan is one of the main medical diagnosis system used for diagnosis of ischemic stroke. CT scan provides brain images in Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) format. The presentation of CT brain images is mainly relied on the window setting (window center and window width), which converts an image from DICOM format into normal grayscale format. Nevertheless, the ordinary window parameter could not deliver a proper contrast on CT brain images for ischemic stroke detection. In this paper, a new proposed method namely gamma correction extreme-level eliminating with weighting distribution (GCELEWD) is implemented to improve the contrast on CT brain images. GCELEWD is capable of highlighting the hypodense region for diagnosis of ischemic stroke. The performance of this new proposed technique, GCELEWD, is compared with four of the existing contrast enhancement technique such as brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization (BBHE), dualistic sub-image histogram equalization (DSIHE), extreme-level eliminating histogram equalization (ELEHE), and adaptive gamma correction with weighting distribution (AGCWD). GCELEWD shows better visualization for ischemic stroke detection and higher values with image quality assessment (IQA) module. SCANNING 38:842-856, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement
  19. Abdul Rashid SN, Mohamad Saini SB, Abdul Hamid S, Muhammad SJ, Mahmud R, Thali MJ, et al.
    Br J Radiol, 2014 Apr;87(1036):20130472.
    PMID: 24472728 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130472
    The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of identifying methamphetamine (MA) internal payloads in "drug mules" by plain abdominal digital radiography (DR).
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement*
  20. Samsudin S, Adwan S, Arof H, Mokhtar N, Ibrahim F
    J Digit Imaging, 2013 Apr;26(2):361-70.
    PMID: 22610151 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-012-9483-5
    Standard X-ray images using conventional screen-film technique have a limited field of view that is insufficient to show the full bone structure of large hands on a single frame. To produce images containing the whole hand structure, digitized images from the X-ray films can be assembled using image stitching. This paper presents a new medical image stitching method that utilizes minimum average correlation energy filters to identify and merge pairs of hand X-ray medical images. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated in the experiments involving two databases which contain a total of 40 pairs of overlapping and non-overlapping hand images. The experimental results are compared with that of the normalized cross-correlation (NCC) method. It is found that the proposed method outperforms the NCC method in classifying and merging the overlapping and non-overlapping medical images. The efficacy of the proposed method is further indicated by its average execution time, which is about five times shorter than that of the other method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiographic Image Enhancement*
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