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  1. Heng Hah M, Norliza Raja Omar R, Jalaluddin J, Fadzillah Abd Jalil N, Selvathurai A
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2012;5(3):384-8.
    PMID: 22773993 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.03.26
    AIM: To study the success and outcome of trabeculectomy in Hospital Melaka.
    METHODS: Medical records of all patients who underwent trabeculectomy between January 1, 2007 and October 31, 2010 whom were followed up for at least 6 months postoperatively in Hospital Melaka were retrospectively reviewed.
    RESULTS: A total number of 117 eyes of 91 patients with the age range between 12 to 84 years underwent primary trabeculectomy (n=20, 17.1%), combine trabeculectomy with cataract surgery (n=90, 76.9%), repeat trabeculectomy (n=5, 4.3%), and combine repeat trabeculectomy with cataract surgery (n=2, 1.7%). The disease spectrum includes primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (54 patients, 59.3%), priamry angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) (14 patients, 15.4%), secondary glaucomas (19 patients, 20.9%) and juvenile glaucomas (4 patients, 4.4%). Preoperative mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was (24.69±8.67)mmHg as compared to postoperative mean IOP of (15.81±6.66)mmHg, (15.07±4.72)mmHg and (15.68 ±3.65)mmHg at 6-month, 12-month and 24-month respectively. Eighty-two point one percent of eyes (n=96) achieved complete success (CS), 12.8% (n=15) with qualified success (QS) and only 5.1% (n=6) failed at 6 month with two of them warrant other filtering surgery. At twelve months, trabeculectomy with CS was 71.6% (n=63), QS in 22.7% (n=20) and failure in 5.7% (n=5). Sixty-seven point five percent (n=27) attained CS, 20.0% (n=8) with QS while 12.5% (n=5) failed at 24 month postoperative.
    CONCLUSION: As the understanding of the lower the IOP, the better the patients retaining the visual function, trabeculectomy is significantly a choice of treatment in uncontrolled glaucoma. This study concluded that trabeculectomy performed in Hospital Melaka has produced significant success as compared to other studies.
    KEYWORDS: glaucoma; success rate; trabeculectomy
    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy*
  2. Abd H, Ang, Raja N, Norhalwani H, Azhany Y, Liza-Sharmini
    Cesk Slov Oftalmol, 2022;78(6):298-303.
    PMID: 36543596 DOI: 10.31348/2022/29
    AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect and postoperative complications between primary augmented trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation as primary surgical intervention in patients with juvenile-onset open angle glaucoma (JOAG).

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review study involving 20 eyes that underwent primary augmented trabeculectomy with mitomycin (MMC) and 10 eyes GDD implantation in 3 tertiary centres in Malaysia between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2019. They were followed up for at least 12 months postsurgical intervention. Intraocular pressure (IOP), number of topical IOP lowering medication and complications were evaluated at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-intervention. Based on the IOP, the success was divided into complete and partial success, and failure. IOP and postsurgical complications were compared using the Repetitive Measure Analysis of Variance (RM ANOVA) and the Pearson chi-square test.

    RESULTS: Both methods were effective in lowering the IOP. Eyes with primary augmented trabeculectomy have significant lower IOP compared to GDD implantation (p = 0.037). There was a higher incidence of postoperative hypotony (30%) in the trabeculectomy group. There was also a significant reduction of mean number of topical pressure-lowering drugs required postoperatively (p = 0.015). Complete success was achieved in 100% of eyes with trabeculectomy and 67% in GDD implantation (p = 0.047).

    CONCLUSIONS: Primary augmented trabeculectomy and GDD implantation are good surgical options for the treatment of JOAG. Both methods provide IOP lowering at 1 year. However, trabeculectomy provides better pressure lowering, compared to GDD implantation in patients with JOAG.

    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy*
  3. Azhany Y, Rahman WFWA, Jaafar H, Low JH, Yusuf WNW, Liza-Sharmini AT, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Apr 17;24(8).
    PMID: 37108535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087372
    Post-surgical scarring is a known cause of trabeculectomy failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of ranibizumab as an adjuvant anti-scarring agent in experimental trabeculectomy. Forty New Zealand white rabbits were randomised into four eye treatment groups: groups A (control), B (ranibizumab 0.5 mg/mL), C (mitomycin C [MMC] 0.4 mg/mL), and D (ranibizumab 0.5 mg/mL and MMC 0.4 mg/mL). Modified trabeculectomy was performed. Clinical parameters were assessed on post-operative days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 21. Twenty rabbits were euthanised on day 7, and the other twenty were euthanised on day 21. Eye tissue samples were obtained from the rabbits and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). All treatment groups showed a significant difference in IOP reduction compared with group A (p < 0.05). Groups C and D showed a significant difference in bleb status on days 7 (p = 0.001) and 21 (p = 0.002) relative to group A. H&E staining showed significantly low fibrotic activity (p < 0.001) in group C on both days and inflammatory cell grade in group B on day 7 (p < 0.001). The grade for new vessel formation was significantly low in groups B and D on day 7 (p < 0.001) and in group D on day 21 (p = 0.007). Ranibizumab plays a role in reducing scarring, and a single application of the ranibizumab-MMC combination showed a moderate wound-modulating effect in the early post-operative phase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy*
  4. Payman, A.K., Tajunisah, I., Ahmad, F.
    MyJurnal
    Glaucoma is a major cause of permanent visual loss in patients with sarcoid uveitis.In this case glaucoma occurred early in the course of the disease and IOP started to rise up after one month from the initial presentation. Uveitic glaucoma can be extremely difficult to treat; pilocarpine is not normally used in eyes with active inflammation. Patients with uveitis respond poorly to laser trabeculoplasty, and filtering procedures usually fail. Success of modified goniotomy, trabeculectomy and Molteno valve implantation were reported. More drastic therapy, such as cyclodestructive procedures, may be required in the most severe cases. In this case the challenge in preserving the vision. by keeping the balance between the need to control the inflammation and the necessity to avoid the treatment related complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy
  5. Singh M, Kaur B
    Int Ophthalmol, 1992 May;16(3):163-6.
    PMID: 1452420
    Postural behaviour of intraocular pressure (IOP) was studied in 29 glaucomatous eyes before and after argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) and compared with that of 60 normal eyes. Although argon laser trabeculoplasty was successful in lowering the IOP below 21 mm Hg, it produced little effect on the postural behaviour of the IOP. No significant change was observed in the amplitude of postural rise of IOP in ALT treated eyes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy*
  6. Samsudin A, Eames I, Brocchini S, Khaw PT
    J Glaucoma, 2016 07;25(7):e704-12.
    PMID: 26561421 DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000000360
    PURPOSE: Intraocular pressure and aqueous humor flow direction determined by the scleral flap immediately after trabeculectomy are critical determinants of the surgical outcome. We used a large-scale model to objectively measure the influence of flap thickness and shape, and suture number and position on pressure difference across the flap and flow of fluid underneath it.

    METHODS: The model exploits the principle of dynamic and geometric similarity, so while dimensions were up to 30× greater than actual, the flow had similar properties. Scleral flaps were represented by transparent 0.8- and 1.6-mm-thick silicone sheets on an acrylic plate. Dyed 98% glycerin, representing the aqueous humor was pumped between the sheet and plate, and the equilibrium pressure measured with a pressure transducer. Image analysis based on the principle of dye dilution was performed using MATLAB software.

    RESULTS: The pressure drop across the flap was larger with thinner flaps, due to reduced rigidity and resistance. Doubling the surface area of flaps and reducing the number of sutures from 5 to 3 or 2 also resulted in larger pressure drops. Flow direction was affected mainly by suture number and position, it was less toward the sutures and more toward the nearest free edge of the flap. Posterior flow of aqueous humor was promoted by placing sutures along the sides while leaving the posterior edge free.

    CONCLUSION: We demonstrate a new physical model which shows how changes in scleral flap thickness and shape, and suture number and position affect pressure and flow in a trabeculectomy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy*
  7. Yong MH, Che Hamzah J
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 07;75(4):342-348.
    PMID: 32723992
    INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness, health related quality of life (HRQoL) and cost effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) compared to topical anti-glaucoma medications in step-up treatment of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

    METHODS: Seventeen POAG patients with suboptimal IOP control despite pre-existing topical medications were subjected to adjunct SLT (50 applications 180 degrees) or second line medical therapy. Current medications were continued, and patients were followed up for 6 months for degree of intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering. HRQoL was assessed using Glaucoma Quality of Life 36-item (GlauQoL-36), Assessment of Quality of Life-7D (AQoL-7D) and Vision related Quality of Life (VisQoL). Costs involved were calculated and compared to the effect (IOP reduction) achieved in each arm.

    RESULTS: Ten patients were in the SLT group and 7 in the topical medication (MED) group. Mean baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) was 18.90±3.48mmHg in SLT group and 15.57±2.23mmHg in MED group. Mean reduction of IOP was 4.30±1.64mmHg in SLT group and 2.71±2.56 mmHg in MED group at 6 months which was not statistically significant (p=0.14) between two groups. All the HRQoL questionnaires did not show significant changes in the groups or between groups when compared baseline with 6-month post treatment (p-values ranging from 0.247 to 0.987). For every 1mmHg reduction in IOP, cost involved in MED group (RM53.61) was 165% of the cost involved in SLT group (RM32.56).

    DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study has shown that SLT was as effective clinically and tolerable as topical anti glaucoma medications and was possibly more cost effective in the step-up treatment of patients with POAG at 6 months follow- up.

    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy/economics*
  8. Jaais F
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Aug;59(3):378-83.
    PMID: 15727384
    This study reviewed the trabeculectomies (TEs) carried out in University Malaya Medical Center between 1994 to 1998. One hundred and nine of 132 eyes operated were in the primary glaucoma group of which 63 (47.7%) were of the open angle type and 46 (34.8%) were of the angle closure type. Twenty-three eyes belong to the secondary glaucoma group. Sixty-five eyes had plain or non-augmented trabeculectomy (TE) while 20 were augmented with mitomycin C (MMC) and 11 with 5 flourouracil (5FU). In 31 eyes the plain TEs were combined with extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and 4 with phacoemusification. One case had combined ECCE and augmented trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C. The patients were followed up at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. Ninety-four of 132 (71.2%) eyes had successful surgery with intraocular pressure (IOP) of less than 21 mmHg (tonometric success) at the end of 2 years. Four of these patients needed topical medication for the IOP control. More failures were seen in patients with cystic blebs than those with diffuse blebs. Complications include hypotony, shallow anterior chamber, cataracts and hyphaema. The majority of cases (53%) had no complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy/methods*
  9. Hooi ST, Hooi SH
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Oct;58(4):565-78.
    PMID: 15190633
    A retrospective study was conducted at the Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru to determine the outcome of trabeculectomy surgeries over a period of 4 years. One hundred and two eyes were followed up to a maximum of 63 months (mean 34.2 months). The 2-year survival rates for plain trabeculectomies, 5-Fluorouracil augmented trabeculectomies and Mitomycin-C augmented trabeculectomies were 52.9%, 27.3% and 60.5% respectively. The commonest complications noted were cataract formation (25%) and hyphaema (11%). Mitomycin-C induced complications were rarely seen. At last follow-up, 54% of eyes had intraocular pressures below 21 mmHg without medication, while 34% of eyes had intraocular pressures below 21 mmHg with medication. Vitreous at the trabeculectomy site was a statistically significant predictor of operative failure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy/methods*
  10. Honjo M, Yamagishi R, Igarashi N, Ku CY, Kurano M, Yatomi Y, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 01 12;11(1):747.
    PMID: 33436915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80736-w
    To evaluate the effect of postoperative corticosteroids on surgical outcome and autotaxin (ATX) levels after microhook ab interno trabeculotomy combined with cataract surgery (μLOT-CS), prospective, consecutive non-randomized case series comparing outcomes of 30 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma was performed. The aqueous ATX, intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma medications were monitored for 3 months postoperatively. An in-vivo mouse μLOT model was generated. In vitro, ATX and fibrotic changes induced by dexamethasone (Dex) treatment following scratch (S) in cultured human trabecular meshwork (hTM) cells were assessed by immunofluorescence, immunoenzymatic assay, and RT-qPCR. Postoperative ATX at 1 week and the number of antiglaucoma medications at 3 months were significantly lower in non-steroid group, and steroid use was the only variable significantly associated with postoperative medications at 3 months in multiregression analyses. In vitro, ATX activity was significantly upregulated in the Dex + S group, and αSMA was significantly upregulated in the Dex and Dex + S groups. Fibronectin and COL1A1 were significantly upregulated in the S group. μLOT-CS decreased IOP and medications in the overall cohort, and non-use of postoperative steroids resulted in a smaller number of postoperative medications. Limiting postoperative steroids in μLOT may minimize IOP elevation and postoperative fibrosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy/methods*
  11. Lockie P
    Aust N Z J Ophthalmol, 1987 Aug;15(3):207-9.
    PMID: 3675913
    Ciliary-block glaucoma occurred in one eye of a 65-year-old-male, following a combined trabeculectomy and extracapsular lens extraction for long-standing angle-closure glaucoma. After pupillary block was excluded as a cause, a posterior capsulotomy resolved the condition. This procedure was repeated successfully when a flat anterior chamber recurred on spontaneous closure of the initial capsulotomy. The ciliary block appeared to be caused by the residual zonule and lens capsule.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy
  12. Tan SY, Md Din N, Mohd Khialdin S, Wan Abdul Halim WH, Tang SF
    Cureus, 2021 Feb 12;13(2):e13320.
    PMID: 33738163 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13320
    The hazy corneal donor-recipient interface after corneal transplant may cause difficulties when implanting the XEN gel stent via ab-interno approach. We aim to describe XEN gel stent implantation via ab-externo approach in refractory steroid-induced glaucoma after corneal lamellar keratoplasty. Under local anaesthesia, the XEN injector needle was inserted 7 mm behind the limbus with the bevel facing up, directly beneath the conjunctiva and advanced to the marked 2.5 mm scleral entry wound. The needle then pierced the sclera until the needle tip was just visible in the anterior chamber (AC). The slider was pushed until the tip of the XEN stent was seen in the AC. The needle was slowly withdrawn while still pushing the slider to complete stent deployment. Subconjunctival Mitomycin C 0.01% (30 µg/0.3 mL) was then injected posterior to the bleb. Three eyes of three patients with steroid-induced glaucoma after lamellar keratoplasty underwent XEN gel stent implantation via ab-externo approach placed at the superotemporal quadrant. Pre-operatively, all patients had uncontrolled IOP between 30-45 mmHg despite maximum medications and selective laser trabeculoplasty. After XEN gel stent implantation, IOP ranged between 10-17 mmHg with one or two topical antiglaucoma at 12 months. Complications include hypotony maculopathy, stent migration and hyphaema, all of which were successfully managed. Corneal graft remained clear at 12 months. XEN gel stent implantation via ab-externo approach is able to achieve good intraocular pressure (IOP) control without compromising cornea graft in patients with steroid-induced glaucoma after lamellar keratoplasty at 12 months.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy
  13. Ashworth J, Flaherty M, Pitz S, Ramlee A
    Acta Ophthalmol, 2015 Mar;93(2):e111-7.
    PMID: 25688487 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12607
    Purpose: The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare lysosomal storage disorders, characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans within multiple organ systems including the eye. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of glaucoma in patients with MPS, as well as the characteristics, diagnosis and management of patients with MPS and glaucoma.
    Methods: A multicentre retrospective case-note review was carried out by ophthalmologists from four tertiary referral centres to identify patients with MPS who had been treated for glaucoma. Clinical ophthalmological data were collected using standardized data collection forms.
    Results: Fourteen patients were identified (27 eyes) of 294 patients with MPS. The prevalence of glaucoma ranged from 2.1% to 12.5%. The median age at diagnosis of glaucoma was 8 years. Diagnostic evaluation of glaucoma was incomplete in many patients: intraocular pressure was documented in all eyes, but optic disc appearance was only assessed in 67%, central corneal thickness in 26%, visual fields in 19% and iridocorneal angle in 15%.
    Conclusions: Patients with MPS need regular assessment for possible glaucoma including during childhood. Multiple factors contribute to the challenges of assessment, diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma in these patients.
    Keywords: Hunter; Hurler; Hurler-Scheie; Maroteaux-Lamy; Morquio; Scheie; glaucoma; mucopolysaccharidosis; prevalence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy
  14. Noh SM, Abdul Kadir SH, Crowston JG, Subrayan V, Vasudevan S
    Mol Vis, 2015;21:1191-200.
    PMID: 26539031
    Inhibiting exaggerated wound healing responses, which are primarily mediated by human Tenon's fibroblast (HTF) migration and proliferation, has become the major determining factor for a successful trabeculectomy. Antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) has showed promising results as a potential antifibrotic candidate for use concurrently in trabeculectomy. Preliminary cohort studies have revealed improved bleb morphology following trabeculectomy augmented with ranibizumab. However, the effects on HTFs remain unclear. This study was conducted to understand the effects of ranibizumab on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 expression by HTFs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy/adverse effects
  15. Md Noh SM, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Bannur ZM, Froemming GA, Abdul Hamid Hasani N, Mohd Nawawi H, et al.
    Exp Eye Res, 2014 Oct;127:236-42.
    PMID: 25139730 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.08.005
    Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (Anti-VEGF) agents have received recent interest as potential anti-fibrotic agents for their concurrent use with trabeculectomy. Preliminary cohort studies have revealed improved bleb morphology following trabeculectomy augmented with ranibizumab. The effects of this humanized monoclonal antibody on human Tenon's fibroblast (HTF), the key player of post trabeculectomy scar formation, are not fully understood. This study was conducted to understand the effects of ranibizumab on extracellular matrix production by HTF. The effect of ranibizumab on HTF proliferation and cell viability was determined using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazone-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium). Ranibizumab at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg/mL were administered for 24, 48 and 72 h in serum and serum free conditions. Supernatants and cell lysates from samples were assessed for collagen type 1 alpha 1 and fibronectin mRNA and protein level using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After 48-h, ranibizumab at 0.5 mg/mL, significantly induced cell death under serum-free culture conditions (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Trabeculectomy
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