MyMedR

Ketepatan Statistik Umur bagi Banci 1991 (Accuracy of Age Statistics in the 1991 Census)

Abdul Aziz Jemain

Sains Malaysiana, 1996;25.

This paper presents the accuracy of age statistics in the 1991 census. The quality of age statistics were evaluated using Myers index and United Nations index. The indices obtained were compared to the indices of 1970 and 1980. This study found that age statistics for 1991 census are better than the previous censuses and in general the statistics are having high quality.
Dalam kertas ini dibentangkan ketepatan statistik umur pada banci 1991. Kualiti statistik umur dinilai dengan menggunakan indeks Myers dan United Nations. Indeks yang diperoleh dibandingkan dengan indeks pada banci 1970 dan 1980. Kajian ini mendapati statistik umur banci 1991 lebih baik daripada hasil banci sebelumnya dan pada keseluruhannya ia mempunyai kualiti yang baik.

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

Doing gender better: can the UN step up?

Allotey P, Remme M, Lo S

Lancet, 2019 06 15;393(10189):2371-2373.

PMID: 31155269 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30988-2

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations*

Global Goals and Global Sustainability

Bhore SJ

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2016 10 07;13(10).

PMID: 27739416

On 25 September 2015, the United Nations (UN) member countries adopted an ambitious 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aiming to 'transform the world' in the next 15 years. [...].

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations*

Fulltext Climate Change: The Causes, Health Effects and Strategies

Narinderjeet Kaur

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):31-32.

MyJurnal

Some call it climate change and some global warming, regardless of the term used, it has been deemed the biggest global health threat of the 21st century. It is the 13th goal of United Nations Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDG). Multiple factors contribute to this global phenomenon including the anthropogenic causes which are man-made. The repercussions of this crisis are vast and bring effect environmentally and socioeconomically. These then ultimately lead towards an effect on individual as well as population health.

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

Breastfeeding - a pivotal child survival strategy

Musa, M.N.

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2007;15(1):1-6.

MyJurnal

Forty thousand children die each day in developing countries; which is approximately 28 dead children every minute. In many of these countries 25% of their children do not even live long enough to celebrate their fifth birthday. These mortality statistics represents a human tragedy affecting our very youngest. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) has identified seven simple, practical and cost-effective activities to help save the lives of our children. The acronym GOBI FFF - Child Survival Strategy describes these 7 measures. The B in the acronym represents beastfeeding which is a pivotal and fundamental component of this child survival strategy.

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

Fulltext Linking small-scale fisheries co-management to U.N. Sustainable Development Goals

Smallhorn-West P, Cohen PJ, Phillips M, Jupiter SD, Govan H, Pressey RL

Conserv Biol, 2022 Dec;36(6):e13977.

PMID: 35866368 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13977

Small-scale fisheries account for 90% of global fishers and 40% of the global catch. Effectively managing small-scale fisheries is, therefore, crucial to progressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Co-management and community-based fisheries management are widely considered the most appropriate forms of governance for many small-scale fisheries. We outlined relationships between small-scale fisheries co-management and attainment of the SDGs, including evidence for impacts and gaps in dominant logic. We identified 11 targets across five SDGs to which small-scale fisheries co-management (including community-based fisheries management) can contribute; the theory of change by which these contributions could be achieved; and the strength of evidence for progress toward SDG targets related to various co-management strategies. Our theory of change links the 11 SDG targets by qualifying that progress toward some targets is contingent on others being achieved first. We then reviewed 58 case studies of co-management impacts from the Pacific Islands--a region rich in local marine governance--to evaluate evidence of where, to what degree, and with how much certainty different co-management strategies conferred positive impacts to each SDG target. These strategies included access restrictions, permanent area closures, periodic closures, and gear and species restrictions. Although many studies provide evidence linking multiple co-management strategies to improvements in resource status (SDG 14.4), there was limited evidence of follow-on effects, such as improvements in catch (SDG 2.3, 2.4), livelihoods (SDG 1.2), consumption (SDG 2.1), and nutrition (SDG 2.2). Our findings suggest that leaps of logic and assumptions are prevalent in co-management planning and evaluation. Hence, when evaluating co-management impacts against the SDGs, consideration of ultimate goals is required, otherwise, there is a risk of shortfalls between aspirations and impact.

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

Fulltext Commentary on the paper: Association of smoking and severity of COVID-19 infection among 5,889 patients in Malaysia: a multi-center observational study, by Ismail N, Hassan N, Hamid MHNA, Yusoff UN, Khamal NR, Omar MA, et al. Published in Int J Infect Dis 2022;116:189-96

Rossato M, Vincenzo AD

Int J Infect Dis, 2022 Aug;121:112.

PMID: 35569752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.015

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

Sexual and reproductive health and rights, HIV/AIDS, and public health

Low WY, Wong YL

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2014 Mar;26(2):116-7.

PMID: 24671667 DOI: 10.1177/1010539514526686

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations/organization & administration

Paris Agreement on Climate Change: A Booster to Enable Sustainable Global Development and Beyond

Bhore SJ

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2016 11 14;13(11).

PMID: 27854248

The global warming and its adverse effects on the atmosphere, the biosphere, the lithosphere, and the hydrosphere are obvious. Based on this fact, the international community is fully convinced that we need to fix the problem urgently for our survival, good health, and wellbeing. The aim of this article is to promote the awareness about the United Nations (UN) historic 'Paris Agreement on Climate Change (PACC)' which entered into-force on 4 November 2016. The expected impact of PACC on the global average temperature rise by 2100 as well as its role in enabling accomplishment of global sustainable development goals (SDGs) for the people and planet is also highlighted.

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations*

Landscape-scale benefits of protected areas for tropical biodiversity

Brodie JF, Mohd-Azlan J, Chen C, Wearn OR, Deith MCM, Ball JGC, et al.

Nature, 2023 Aug;620(7975):807-812.

PMID: 37612395 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06410-z

The United Nations recently agreed to major expansions of global protected areas (PAs) to slow biodiversity declines1. However, although reserves often reduce habitat loss, their efficacy at preserving animal diversity and their influence on biodiversity in surrounding unprotected areas remain unclear2-5. Unregulated hunting can empty PAs of large animals6, illegal tree felling can degrade habitat quality7, and parks can simply displace disturbances such as logging and hunting to unprotected areas of the landscape8 (a phenomenon called leakage). Alternatively, well-functioning PAs could enhance animal diversity within reserves as well as in nearby unprotected sites9 (an effect called spillover). Here we test whether PAs across mega-diverse Southeast Asia contribute to vertebrate conservation inside and outside their boundaries. Reserves increased all facets of bird diversity. Large reserves were also associated with substantially enhanced mammal diversity in the adjacent unprotected landscape. Rather than PAs generating leakage that deteriorated ecological conditions elsewhere, our results are consistent with PAs inducing spillover that benefits biodiversity in surrounding areas. These findings support the United Nations goal of achieving 30% PA coverage by 2030 by demonstrating that PAs are associated with higher vertebrate diversity both inside their boundaries and in the broader landscape.

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations*

Fulltext The ethical decision making model in obstetrics and gynaecology practice

Nazimah Idris, Sivalingam Nalliah

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2014;8(1):44-49.

MyJurnal

This paper attempts to utilise clinical scenarios where ethical issues are embedded and requires appropriate application of the steps of the framework mentioned. A step by step sequential approach is adopted to illustrate how the ‘ethical decision model ‘can be used to resolve ethical problems to arrive at a reasonable conclusion. The UNESCO ethical method of reasoning is used as the framework for decision making. Physician-educators should be competent to use ethical decision models as well as best available scientific evidence to be able to arrive at the best decision for patient care as well as teach health professional trainees how reasonable treatment decisions can be made within the perimeter of medical law and social justice.

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

Fulltext The United Nations (UN) Card, Identity, and Negotiations of Health among Rohingya Refugees

Rahman MM, Dutta MJ

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2023 Feb 15;20(4).

PMID: 36834082 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043385

Being persecuted and expelled from Myanmar, Rohingya refugees are now distributed throughout the world. The Southeast Asian nation of Malaysia has been a preferred destination for Rohingyas fleeing Myanmar's state-sponsored genocide and more recently in a bid to change their fates from the refugee camps in Bangladesh. Refugees are one of the most vulnerable groups in Malaysia and often face dire circumstances, in which their health and wellbeing are compromised. Amidst a plethora of structural challenges, Rohingya refugees try to claim some of their rights with the aid of the UN card (UNHCR ID cards) in Malaysia. Guided by the culture-centered approach (CCA), this study examined the perspectives and experiences of healthcare among Rohingya refugees while living in Malaysia, now resettled in Aotearoa, New Zealand. The participants' narratives showed that the UN card not only materialized their refugee status in Malaysia but also offered them a way of living in a world where documents anchor the materiality of health.

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

Research trend in Sustainable Development Goals reporting: a systematic literature review

Low SM, Abdullah DF, Khatib SFA

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Nov;30(52):111648-111675.

PMID: 37821734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30122-6

This paper examines the common themes delivered in studies on corporate reporting in relation to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Articles of the aforesaid studies were mostly acquired from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) archives from year 2015 to 2022 in which the contents were carefully reviewed for selection. To systematise the literature, PRISMA 2020 statement is used. Descriptive analysis reveals an increase in publications on corporate SDG reporting, although most are focused on developed nations. The analysis also shows a scarcity of studies on the consumer goods, agricultural, fishery, and forestry sectors. Furthermore, current studies have yet to adopt a qualitative or mixed-method approach. There are fundamentally six themes that emerged from the review of literature-the degree of SDG engagement, the quality of SDG reporting, the determining factor in SDG reporting mechanism, the consequences of SDG reporting, the legitimisation approaches, as well as the institutional/stakeholder pressure. For determinants of SDG reporting, it is observed that environmental governance is not explored. This paper identifies the least addressed SDGs that businesses can focus on to accelerate their SDG contribution rate. This paper guides future research and informs decision-making by organisations and stakeholders interested in promoting sustainable development through SDG reporting.

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

Mental health and wellbeing in the Sustainable Development Goals

Izutsu T, Tsutsumi A, Minas H, Thornicroft G, Patel V, Ito A

Lancet Psychiatry, 2015 Dec;2(12):1052-4.

PMID: 26613844 DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00457-5

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

Mental health mainstreamed in new UN disaster framework

Tsutsumi A, Izutsu T, Ito A, Thornicroft G, Patel V, Minas H

Lancet Psychiatry, 2015 Aug;2(8):679-680.

PMID: 26249285 DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00278-3

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

The Melaka Accord. Eighth Asian Symposium on Medicinal Plants, Spices and Other Natural Products

J Ethnopharmacol, 1996 Apr;51(1-3):315-6.

PMID: 9213628

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

Fulltext A review on illegals and the stateless in Sabah

Narinderjeet Kaur, Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim, Mohd Yusof Ibrahim, Mohammad Saffree Jeffree, Mazlinda Musa

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):13-13.

MyJurnal

Introduction: Illegal immigrants refer to the migration of people into a country in ways that violates its immigra-tion laws. A stateless person is a person who is not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law. Interestingly, many who are stateless have never even crossed an international border. The term illegal is very loosely used in places like Sabah where it is interchanged with statelessness. As of 13 November 2018, it was estimated that there are about 12 million stateless people in the world. This review seeks to understand the current demographic situation in Sabah along with the public health repercussions of this demographic change and also to look into the success stories from around the world along with the recommendations from United Nation in solving this matter. Methods: The method used is reviewing of literature of previous studies conducted on statelessness and illegals. Local as well as international studies were reviewed. The data base used was ProQuest. Results: This review identified that one third of Sabah’s population consists of non-locals and in the past 27 years, about half a million illegal immigrants have been deported from Sabah. These numbers pose major public health repercussions from the economic, crime and health point of view. The way forward involves incorporating the United Nation Action plan with the local requirements and settings. Despite challenges, Sabah is trying its best to curb this issue and the Public health repercussions through various initiatives. We have also identified that more public health actions can be taken to reduce the negative effects. Conclusion: Dealing with the stateless and illegals is a delicate matter and there is no one way to solve it. Every country and every state are unique therefore the methods used must be tailor made. This is not something that can be solved within a short period of time and therefore persistence and perseverance is very much needed to tackle this global issue.

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

Fulltext Domestic Violence Against Women in Malaysia: What Do We Do?

Ong, Elizabeth Tieng Tieng

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):23-24.

MyJurnal

Since 1996, World Health Organisation (WHO) and member countries, through the World Health Assembly Resolution 49.25 acknowledged violence (including violence against women) (VAW) as a serious public health issue. The United Nations, at its Sixty-second General Assembly on 7 February 2008 not only reiterated the health impact of VAW but also the rights dimension of VAW and sees it â€œâ€¦as an offence against the dignity and integrity of the victimâ€¦ and that all forms of violence against women seriously violate and impair or nullify the enjoyment of women of all human rights and fundamental freedoms and constitute a major impediment to the ability of women to make use of their capabilitiesâ€.

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

Atmospheric PCDDs/PCDFs levels and occurrences in Southeast Asia: A review

Zain SMSM, Latif MT, Baharudin NH, Anual ZF, Mohd Hanif N, Khan MF

Sci Total Environ, 2021 Aug 20;783:146929.

PMID: 34088111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146929

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are toxic compounds derived from anthropogenic sources that stay in the environment for long periods. Ambient air has become the most important pathway for the transfer of PCDDs/PCDFs from emission sources to the environment. This review intends to summarise the information available on atmospheric PCDDs/PCDFs in the countries of Southeast Asia to provide a detailed description of the trends in PCDDs/PCDFs emissions, key sources, and levels in urban, rural, and industrial air as reported in peer-reviewed literature since 2000 and by the United Nations Environment Programme. As the largest country in Southeast Asia, Indonesia is the major PCDDs/PCDFs emitter, accounting for 72.81% of the total release of PCDDs/PCDFs in the air from all available inventories in this region, while Brunei Darussalam is the lowest emitter, contributing to less than 0.02%. Open burning processes have become the largest source of ambient PCDDs/PCDFs in the region (69.62%), followed by waste incineration (10.69%), and ferrous and non-ferrous metal production (8.78%). PCDDs/PCDFs levels in rural areas ranged between 10 and 38 fg TEQ m-3; however, where open burning waste has occurred, the levels rose to 12-29 times higher. In urban areas, ambient levels were 15 times greater than in rural areas, varying from 23 to 565 fg TEQ m-3. Atmospheric concentrations near industrial palm oil and waste incinerator sites were between 64 and 1530 fg TEQ m-3. The non-cancer risk of ambient exposure to PCDDs/PCDFs through inhalation is low among populations near facilities emitting PCDDs/PCDFs. The lack of local technical capacity, the high economic costs, and the lack of established human resource capacities have been the major challenges in conducting ambient PCDDs/PCDFs studies in most countries in the region.

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

Deadly serious: The United Nations, drugs, and capital punishment in the 1980s

Mostyn B

Int J Drug Policy, 2021 06;92:103167.

PMID: 33627303 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103167

BACKGROUND: Research into capital punishment has focussed on the length of time it will take to abolish. It will take decades or centuries. A key moment in the movement to abolish the death penalty was the 1980s when the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR was developed. This was also the decade that the last significant changes were made to the United Nations drug conventions. At the time, awareness of the issue of capital punishment for drug offences was increasing around the world as more people were getting executed. This article looks at how western countries and the United Nations responded to Malaysia which introduced the mandatory death penalty for drug offences in 1982.

METHODS: Over 30,000 pages of documents have been accessed through the National Archives of Australia in Canberra. These have been photographed, scanned and converted to OCR. The most relevant folders have then been analysed through NVivo 12 to look for relevant mentions of the research question: capital punishment and Malaysia. All probative data is then presented in the article.

RESULTS: The data from National Archives suggests that the UN, Australia, and other western countries were happy to continue supporting Malaysia's drug policy and to elect it to high positions at UN meetings despite their public proclamations that they were opposed to the death penalty.

CONCLUSION: Applying a critical juncture approach, the article concludes that the 1980s was a critical juncture in the movement to abolish the death penalty but abolitionist countries allowed capital punishment to continue for drug offences. This may have set back the abolition movement by decades.

Matched MeSH terms: United Nations

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