Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 84 in total

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  1. Jai Mohan A
    Family Practitioner, 1981;4:47-50.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis
  2. Jai Mohan A
    Family Practitioner, 1982;5:83-85.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis
  3. Lo Vecchio A, Dias JA, Berkley JA, Boey C, Cohen MB, Cruchet S, et al.
    J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2016 Aug;63(2):226-35.
    PMID: 26835905 DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001133
    OBJECTIVE: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major cause of child mortality and morbidity. This study aimed at systematically reviewing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on AGE to compare recommendations and provide the basis for developing single universal guidelines.

    METHODS: CPGs were identified by searching MEDLINE, Cochrane-Library, National Guideline Clearinghouse and Web sites of relevant societies/organizations producing and/or endorsing CPGs.

    RESULTS: The definition of AGE varies among the 15 CPGs identified. The parameters most frequently recommended to assess dehydration are skin turgor and sunken eyes (11/15, 73.3%), general appearance (11/15, 66.6%), capillary refill time, and mucous membranes appearance (9/15, 60%). Oral rehydration solution is universally recognized as first-line treatment. The majority of CPGs recommend hypo-osmolar (Na 45-60 mmol/L, 11/15, 66.6 %) or low-osmolality (Na 75 mmol/L, 9/15, 60%) solutions. In children who fail oral rehydration, most CPGs suggest intravenous rehydration (66.6%). However, nasogastric tube insertion for fluid administration is preferred according by 5/15 CPGs (33.3%). Changes in diet and withdrawal of food are discouraged by all CPGs, and early refeeding is strongly recommended in 13 of 15 (86.7%). Zinc is recommended as an adjunct to ORS by 10 of 15 (66.6%) CPGs, most of them from low-income countries. Probiotics are considered by 9 of 15 (60%) CPGs, 5 from high-income countries. Antiemetics are not recommended in 9 of 15 (60%) CPGs. Routine use of antibiotics is discouraged.

    CONCLUSIONS: Key recommendations for the management of AGE in children are similar in CPGs. Together with accurate review of evidence-base this may represent a starting point for developing universal recommendations for the management of children with AGE worldwide.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis/diagnosis*; Gastroenteritis/therapy*
  4. CHAN KE, LUCAS JK
    Med J Malaysia, 1964 Dec;19:145-9.
    PMID: 14279238
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis*
  5. Iyngkaran N, Abidin Z, Lam SK, Puthucheary SD
    Med J Malaysia, 1980 Jun;34(4):403-8.
    PMID: 7219272
    In a prospective study of 300 infants with acute gastroenteritis 150 infants had enteropathogens in the stools, 58 being due to rotavirus, 130 to adenovirus, 32 to Sahnonella, 18 Shigella and 29 E. coli. Hypernatraemic dehydration was present in 11% and acquired carbohydrate intolerance in 30% of the infants. Protracted diarrhoea was observed in 8% of infants and was commoner in the bacterial than viral group. The study shows that clinical features and simple blood tests cannot be used as reliable indices of predicting the aetiology of AGE. Despite the diverse aetiology of acute gastroenteritis, rehydration by the oral or intravenous route remained the mainstay of therapy.
    Keywords: Kuala Lumpur, university hospital,
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis/etiology*; Gastroenteritis/therapy
  6. Yap KL, Sabil D, Muthu PA
    J Trop Pediatr, 1984 06;30(3):131-5.
    PMID: 6737550 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/30.3.131
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis/etiology; Gastroenteritis/epidemiology*
  7. Eravelly J, Ho Hon Fah, Wong Wai Ping
    Med J Malaya, 1967 Dec;22(2):130-5.
    PMID: 4231978
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis/complications*
  8. Goh CT, Cheah PK, Soo TL, Lee WS
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):146-9.
    PMID: 20058575 MyJurnal
    We aimed to determine the epidemiology and burden of rotavirus (RV) gastroenteritis (GE) in children requiring hospital care in an urban setting in Sabah, Malaysia. A prospective study of all patients younger than 12 years of age admitted with acute GE to Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, over a six-month period (October 2005 to March 2006) was conducted. During the study period, a total of 167 children with acute GE who had stool samples examined for RV were studied. RV accounted for 16% of all diarrhoeal cases, and 1.7% of all admissions to the children's wards during the study period. There was no difference in severity of GE between RV and non-RV groups. RV infection is a common cause of childhood GE requiring hospital care in Sabah.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis/economics; Gastroenteritis/etiology; Gastroenteritis/epidemiology*
  9. Izzuddin Poo M, Lee WS
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Aug;62(3):189-93.
    PMID: 18246904 MyJurnal
    Mortality from acute diarrhoea in developed countries is low, but the morbidity and financial cost remains significant. A one-year prospective, descriptive, non-interventional, hospital-based study of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) was conducted in the year 2002 in the paediatric unit of University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, an urban hospital in Malaysia, to determine its morbidity and management. During the study period, 393 children with AGE were admitted, utilizing 0.50% of total patient-bed-day of the hospital. The median duration of symptoms before admission was two days. Seventy-seven percent of patients had consulted family physicians before admission. Antidiarrhoeal drugs (57%) and anti-emetics (48%) were commonly prescribed, but oral rehydrating solution (36%) was rarely advised. Upon admission, severe vomiting (24%) and severe diarrhea (24%) were not common, while 17% had moderate or severe dehydration. Rotavirus (22%) was the commonest pathogen identified. Electrolyte derangement, secondary septicaemia and chronic diarrhoea were all rare. Eighty-nine percent of patients received intravenous fluid therapy whilst in the hospital. No death was noted. The morbidity and mortality of children with AGE requiring hospital care in this study was low. However, preadmission management and fluid therapy after admission was not ideal. Efforts to encourage better adherence to established management protocol of AGE among family physicians and hospital clinicians should be instituted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis/epidemiology; Gastroenteritis/physiopathology*; Gastroenteritis/therapy
  10. Lee WS, Poo MI, Nagaraj S
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2007 Dec;43(12):818-25.
    PMID: 17608648
    To estimate the cost of an episode of inpatient care and the economic burden of hospitalisation for childhood rotavirus gastroenteritis (GE) in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis/economics; Gastroenteritis/epidemiology; Gastroenteritis/therapy*
  11. Loganathan T, Ng CW, Lee WS, Jit M
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2016 06;35(6):601-6.
    PMID: 27008464 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001129
    BACKGROUND: Rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) results in substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. However, an accurate estimation of the health and economic burden of RVGE in Malaysia covering public, private and home treatment is lacking.

    METHODS: Data from multiple sources were used to estimate diarrheal mortality and morbidity according to health service utilization. The proportion of this burden attributable to rotavirus was estimated from a community-based study and a meta-analysis we conducted of primary hospital-based studies. Rotavirus incidence was determined by multiplying acute gastroenteritis incidence with estimates of the proportion of gastroenteritis attributable to rotavirus. The economic burden of rotavirus disease was estimated from the health systems and societal perspective.

    RESULTS: Annually, rotavirus results in 27 deaths, 31,000 hospitalizations, 41,000 outpatient visits and 145,000 episodes of home-treated gastroenteritis in Malaysia. We estimate an annual rotavirus incidence of 1 death per 100,000 children and 12 hospitalizations, 16 outpatient clinic visits and 57 home-treated episodes per 1000 children under-5 years. Annually, RVGE is estimated to cost US$ 34 million to the healthcare provider and US$ 50 million to society. Productivity loss contributes almost a third of costs to society. Publicly, privately and home-treated episodes consist of 52%, 27% and 21%, respectively, of the total societal costs.

    CONCLUSIONS: RVGE represents a considerable health and economic burden in Malaysia. Much of the burden lies in privately or home-treated episodes and is poorly captured in previous studies. This study provides vital information for future evaluation of cost-effectiveness, which are necessary for policy-making regarding universal vaccination.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis/economics*; Gastroenteritis/mortality; Gastroenteritis/epidemiology*
  12. Alkoshi S, Ernst K, Maimaiti N, Dahlui M
    Iran J Public Health, 2014 Oct;43(10):1356-63.
    PMID: 26060697
    Rotavirus is a common infection causing 450,000 deaths annually primarily in children 5 years and below. Despite the high burden of disease, little is known about the epidemiology of rotavirus in Libya. The aim of this study was to estimate the rotavirus disease burden among Libyan children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis
  13. Haddock RL
    PMID: 6658509
    To determine if the unusually high incidence of salmonellosis reported on Guam for several years might be the result of more frequent bacteriologic examination of gastroenteritis/diarrhoea patient stool specimens, a survey of medical clinic and laboratory activities was undertaken among countries in the Pacific Basin Area. Survey results suggest that while Guam laboratories may be particularly proficient in isolating Salmonella organisms, the quantity of stool specimens examined could not account for the higher incidence of salmonellosis observed on the island.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis/microbiology
  14. Sood Lr, Basu S
    Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 1979;45(4):595-604.
    PMID: 552816
    Salmonella weltevreden has been found to be one of the commonest Salmonella serotypes isolated from diverse sources in India and has also been isolated in a number of other countries. A phage typing scheme was developed for this serotype using a set of six typing phages. These phages had been selected out of 146 phage strains isolated and purified from stool samples of man, laboratory animals and other animals, sewage and surface water sources, and the lytic mutants of temperate phages form S. weltevreden. The phage typing scheme was applied systematically to type the 946 strains from India isolated during 1958-1974 and 148 strains originating from Australia, Burma, England, Gan Island, Holland, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, The Philippines, Thailand, The United States and Vietnam during 1953-1971. The scheme was particularly studied to evaluate its utility in mapping the epidemiologically related strains from various sources. The S. weltevreden strains could be classified into ten phage types. Phage types 2 and 7 were found exclusively amongst Indian strains, type 6 from Vietnam and type 8 from Burma, Thailand and Vietnam. Phage types were found to be stable and consistent with the independent epidemiological data available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis/microbiology
  15. CHAN KE, LUCAS JK
    Med J Malaysia, 1964 Dec;19:150-3.
    PMID: 14279239
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis*
  16. Jalanka J, Gunn D, Singh G, Krishnasamy S, Lingaya M, Crispie F, et al.
    Gut, 2023 Mar;72(3):451-459.
    PMID: 36171082 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326828
    OBJECTIVES: Persistent bowel dysfunction following gastroenteritis (postinfectious (PI)-BD) is well recognised, but the associated changes in microbiota remain unclear. Our aim was to define these changes after gastroenteritis caused by a single organism, Campylobacter jejuni, examining the dynamic changes in the microbiota and the impact of antibiotics.

    DESIGN: A single-centre cohort study of 155 patients infected with Campylobacter jejuni. Features of the initial illness as well as current bowel symptoms and the intestinal microbiota composition were recorded soon after infection (visit 1, <40 days) as well as 40-60 days and >80 days later (visits 2 and 3). Microbiota were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing.

    RESULTS: PI-BD was found in 22 of the 99 patients who completed the trial. The cases reported significantly looser stools, with more somatic and gastrointestinal symptoms. Microbiota were assessed in 22 cases who had significantly lower diversity and altered microbiota composition compared with the 44 age-matched and sex-matched controls. Moreover 60 days after infection, cases showed a significantly lower abundance of 23 taxa including phylum Firmicutes, particularly in the order Clostridiales and the family Ruminoccocaceae, increased Proteobacteria abundance and increased levels of Fusobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. The microbiota changes were linked with diet; higher fibre consumption being associated with lower levels of Gammaproteobacteria.

    CONCLUSION: The microbiota of PI-BD patients appeared more disturbed by the initial infection compared with the microbiota of those who recovered. The prebiotic effect of high fibre diets may inhibit some of the disturbances seen in PI-BD.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02040922.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis*
  17. Tan KK, Sin KS, Ng AJ, Yahya H, Kaur P
    Singapore Med J, 1994 Dec;35(6):648-9.
    PMID: 7761898
    Non-O1 vibrio cholerae infections are associated with sporadic cases of gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections. Septicaemia due to non-O1 vibrio cholerae is rare and are mainly reported in adults, particularly in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of non-O1 vibrio cholerae septicaemia and gastroenteritis in an 8-year-old child. The patient presented with bloody diarrhoea, fever and severe dehydration. Non-O1 vibrio cholerae were isolated from blood and stool cultures. The clinical course was uneventful after starting appropriate rehydration and supportive therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis/microbiology*
  18. Chai PF, Lee WS
    Vaccine, 2009 Nov 20;27 Suppl 5:F112-5.
    PMID: 19931708 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.069
    From August 2006 to July 2007 a prospective study of out-of-pocket costs incurred by care-givers of children hospitalized for rotavirus gastroenteritis was conducted in a hospital in Malaysia. Data on caretaker out-of-pocket costs were collected from 260 children hospitalized with diarrhoea. A stool sample was collected from 198 of these children of which 46 (23%) were positive for rotavirus by latex agglutination assay. The mean (median; interquartile range) out-of-pocket cost incurred by the care-givers was US$194 (US$169; US$47-738), constituting 26% of average monthly income of the households surveyed. Major components of the cost were hospital expenses (45%) and productivity loss (37%). These findings will allow further assessment of the cost-effectiveness of any future rotavirus immunization program in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroenteritis/economics*; Gastroenteritis/virology
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