MyMedR

The effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (buserelin) and orchidectomy on bone turnover markers and histomorphometry in rats

Mohamad NV, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY

Aging Male, 2020 Dec;23(5):327-334.

PMID: 29495911 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1446075

This study aimed to compare the skeletal effect between GnRH agonist therapy and orchidectomy in male rats assessed using serum turnover markers and bone histomorphometry. Three-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 46) were divided into three experimental arms, baseline, buserelin, and orchidectomy. In the buserelin arm, the rats received a daily subcutaneous injection of either normal saline or buserelin acetate at 25 µg/kg or 75 µg/kg. In the orchidectomy arm, the rats were either sham-operated or orchidectomized. The rats were euthanized after the three-month treatment. Blood was collected for the evaluation of bone turnover markers. Femurs were harvested for bone histomorphometry examination. A significant increase in serum C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen was observed in the orchidectomized group compared with the sham group (p

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy*

A case of neonatal testicular torsion

Wong CY, Yong SC, Boo NY, Phang KS

Hosp Med, 2005 Jun;66(6):368-9.

PMID: 15974173 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2005.66.6.18409

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy/methods

Fulltext A Testicular Cancer that was Thought to be an Inguino-Scrotal Hernia

Norly S, Sivanes C, Ros'aini P

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Dec;69(6):275-6.

PMID: 25934959

We present a case of a young man with a 5-year history of testicular swelling which was initially thought to be inguinoscrotal hernia. Intra-operatively it was found to be a testicular tumour and histopathological examination confirmed a mixed germ cell tumour. He had an orchidectomy and later underwent chemotherapy. It is interesting to note that the patient had kept the tumour for 5 years with no evidence of distant metastasis at diagnosis. This is probably the longest presentation of a testicular tumour.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy

Fulltext Anaesthetic challenges in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome for orchidectomy

Yeap TB, Teah MK, Thevarajah S, Azerai S

BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Mar 25;14(3).

PMID: 33766970 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-241176

Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is an extremely rare congenital cardiac conduction disorder. It is due to an aberrant pathway between the atrium and ventricle. This manuscript entails a man with an underlying WPW who was posted for an elective orchidectomy. We discussed the important perioperative precautions to prevent the precipitation of acute cardiac events.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy

Fulltext Multiple bilateral cannon-ball lung metastases from carcinoma of the prostate: orchiedectomy induced remission

Nabi G, Sadiq M

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Mar;57(1):111-3.

PMID: 14569728

A 56-year-old man presented with lower urinary tract obstructive symptoms, hemoptysis and progressive dyspnoea. Digital rectal examination showed an enlarged nodular prostate and a tru-cut biopsy confirmed carcinoma prostate. Chest x-ray showed multiple bilateral cannon ball opacities suggestive of metastases. He underwent bilateral orchidectomy and follow up assessment showed significant clearing of the cannon-ball lesions in the lungs. He remained asymptomatic at follow up that has extended to 8 years.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy*

Effects of Eurycoma longifolia jack on laevator ani muscle in both uncastrated and testosterone-stimulated castrated intact male rats

Ang HH, Cheang HS

Arch Pharm Res, 2001 Oct;24(5):437-40.

PMID: 11693547 DOI: 10.1007/BF02975191

It has been reported that Eurycoma longifolia Jack commonly known as Tongkat Ali has gained notoreity as a symbol of man's ego and strength by the Malaysian men because it increases male virility and sexual prowess during sexual activities. As such, the effects of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of butanol, methanol, water and chloroform fractions of E. longifolia Jack were studied on the laevator ani muscle in both uncastrated and testosterone-stimulated castrated intact male rats after dosing them for 12 consecutive weeks. Results showed that 800 mg/kg of butanol, methanol, water and chloroform fractions of E. longifolia Jack significantly increased (p<0.05) the leavator ani muscle to 58.56+/-1.22, 58.23+/-0.31, 60.21 +/-0.86 and 62.35 +/-0.98 mg/100 g body weight, respectively, when compared with the control (untreated) in the uncastrated intact male rats and 49.23+/-0.82, 52.23+/-0.36, 50.21+/-0.66 and 52.35+/-0.58 mg/100 g body weight, respectively, when compared to control (untreated) in the testosterone-stimulated castrated intact male rats. Hence, the pro-androgenic effect as shown by this study further supported the traditional use of this plant as an aphrodisiac.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy*

Fulltext Case report of bilateral testicular infarction due to severe bilateral epididymo-orchitis: A catastrophic complication causing castration

Ong Lay Keat W, Lechmiannandan S, Manoharan D, Lee SB, Nagalingam P

Int J Surg Case Rep, 2020;73:161-163.

PMID: 32688238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.07.013

INTRODUCTION: Testicular infarction as a result of severe epididymo-orchitis is an uncommon urological emergency, with only a handful of reported cases in literature. We report an even rarer case of bilateral epididymo-orchitis complicated with testicular infarction, resulting in bilateral orchidectomy.

PRESENTATION OF CASE: 49 year old gentleman presented with fever, persistent, unresolving pain and scrotal swelling of two weeks duration. Despite close clinical monitoring, timely ultrasounds of the testis and antibiotics there was an inexorable progression to bilateral testicular ischemia.

DISCUSSION: This is only the second reported case of this nature in published literature. Epididymo-orchitis usually responds well to appropriate antibiotic therapy, although progression to testicular infarction is possible.

CONCLUSION: Clinical presentation of persistent scrotal pain and oedema in cases of epididymo-orchitis should raise strong suspicion of testicular ischemia or infarction. Despite all efforts, progression to bilateral testicular infarction resulting in castration is a possible catastrophic outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy

Fulltext Paratesticular aggressive angiomyxoma: A rare case

Ismail MI, Wong YP, Tan GH, Fam XI

Urol Ann, 2017 5 10;9(2):197-199.

PMID: 28479778 DOI: 10.4103/UA.UA_168_16

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) particularly testicular origin is a rare benign mesenchymal myxoid tumor which is locally aggressive, blatant for local recurrence, and may metastasize. It occurs mostly in females of childbearing age and extremely rare in males. AMM particular testicular origin is not reported in literature yet. This is a 65-year-old man who had a right scrotal swelling. Ultrasound scrotum showed a soft tissue tumor of the right testis. The patient underwent radical right orchidectomy of which histopathologically confirmed to be a paratesticular AAM with clear resection margins. There were no signs of local recurrence or metastasis 2 years postsurgical resection.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy

Fulltext Malignant sertoli cell tumour: an uncommon testicular tumour

Sia, S.F., Dublin, N., Nurul, B., Wong, K.T.

JUMMEC, 2006;9(2):18-21.

MyJurnal

We report a case of an 86 year old Chinese man who presented with a painless right testicular swelling that had persisted for one year. There was no history of maldescend or cryptorchid testes. Clinical and ultrasound examination revealed testicular tumour with two round masses within the right scrotal sac, with minimal fluid seen within the sac. Tumour markers were normal. He subsequently underwent a right inguinal orchidectomy under local anaesthesia as he had an underlying cardiac insufficiency. Histopathological examination revealed malignant Sertoli cell tumour. True Sertoli cell mesenchyme tumours constitute less than 1% of all testicular cancers.Current literature on histopathological and clinical features and treatment options are reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy

Fulltext Extra-gonadal germ cell tumour – what about the testis!

Johann, F.K., Praveen, S., Christopher, C.K.H., Goh, E.H., Razman, J., Zulkifli, M.Z.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2011;1(1):28-31.

MyJurnal

Extra-gonadal germ cell tumours (EGGCT) are rare. Therefore further investigations of the testis is aimed at sourcing a possible primary origin of gonadal tumour. Over the years, various case series on EGGCT have been reported questioning its true nature as in a majority of them, a primary source is found in the testis, thus representing a metastatic gonadal tumour. The testis pathology could be either a true germ cell foci, an intra-tubular epithelial neoplasia or an area of fibrosis, indicating a ‘burnt out tumour’. We report a 39-year-old male who underwent laparotomy and excision of a retroperitoneal tumour. Histopathological examination revealed retroperitoneal lymph node of mixed germ cell tumour origin. Clinical and ultrasound examination of bilateral testis was normal. The patient refused orchidectomy or a testicular biopsy. He underwent four cycles of bleomycin, cisplatin, and etoposide with no evidence of tumour recurrence on follow up and remains disease free after 12 months of diagnosis. A literature review of EGGCT, its relation and factors relating with future testicular tumour is presented.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy

Fulltext Cystic benign prostatic hyperplasia in a dog

Tan, W.X., Chan, S.M., Khor, K.H.

Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2015;27(1):16-19.

MyJurnal

Old intact male dogs are often predisposed to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of prostate
gland occur due to hormonal influences. Clinical signs such as haematuria, stranguria and tenesmus are often associated with benign
prostatic hyperplasia. A seven year-old local breed intact male dog was presented with a primary complaint of haematuria and
stranguria. Diagnostic work-up conducted inclusive of complete blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, abdominal radiograph,
cystourethrography and abdominal ultrasonography. The dog was diagnosed with cystic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostatic
omentalisation and castration were performed in this case.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy

Fulltext Imaging modalities for an uncommon inguinal scrotal pathology: A case report and literature review

Chun KH, Inn FX, Hing EY, Hong GE

Urol Ann, 2017 11 10;9(4):387-389.

PMID: 29118545 DOI: 10.4103/UA.UA_69_17

Inguinal scrotal swelling is a common presentation to surgical clinic with various differential diagnoses. In most circumstances, a good clinical assessment is sufficient to identify the diagnosis. Imaging is necessary when diagnostic difficulty was encountered. The choice of imaging study could affect the management and outcome. A 60-year-old male presented with an enlarging right inguinal scrotal swelling for 5 years. Clinical examination showed a swelling extended from the right inguinal region down to the right scrotum, firm, not reducible, and not separable from the right testis. Differential diagnoses range from the malignant testicular tumor, irreducible inguinal hernia to the soft-tissue tumor. Ultrasonography and computed tomography scan were unable to conclude the origin of the tumor and involvement of the right testis. Inguinal exploration with potential radical orchiectomy was planned and caused much distress to the patient, resulted in delay in surgery. Intraoperatively, the mass was separated from the testis and spermatic cord, and thus, excision biopsy was performed sparing the testis and spermatic cord. Histopathological examination showed cellular angiofibroma. The right choice of imaging modality is important to provide a precise diagnosis and better treatment plan. This could avoid the unnecessary distress to the patient for potential organ lost. A review through the literature showed the ability of magnetic resonance imaging to better delineate the anatomy of inguinal scrotal soft-tissue mass and thus should have been the imaging modality of choice.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy

Fulltext Bone Micro-CT Assessments in an Orchidectomised Rat Model Supplemented with Eurycoma longifolia

Ramli R, Khamis MF, Shuid AN

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:501858.

PMID: 22952556 DOI: 10.1155/2012/501858

Recent studies suggested that Eurycoma longifolia, a herbal plant, may have the potential to treat osteoporosis in elderly male. This study aimed to determine the effects of Eurycoma longifolia supplementation on the trabecular bone microarchitecture of orchidectomised rats (androgen-deficient osteoporosis model). Forty-eight-aged (10-12 months old) Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups of sham-operated (SHAM), orchidectomised control (ORX), orchidectomised + 7 mg/rat testosterone enanthate (TEN) and orchidectomised + Eurycoma longifolia 30 mg/kg (EL30), orchidectomised + Eurycoma longifolia 60 mg/kg (EL60), orchidectomised + Eurycoma longifolia 90 mg/kg (EL90). Rats were euthanized following six weeks of treatment. The left femora were used to measure the trabecular bone microarchitecture using micro-CT. Orchidectomy significantly decreased connectivity density, trabecular bone volume, and trabecular number compared to the SHAM group. Testosterone replacement reversed all the orchidectomy-induced changes in the micro-CT parameters. EL at 30 and 60 mg/kg rat worsened the trabecular bone connectivity density and trabecular separation parameters of orchidectomised rats. EL at 90 mg/kg rat preserved the bone volume. High dose of EL (90 mg/kg) may have potential in preserving the bone microarchitecture of orchidectomised rats, but lower doses may further worsen the osteoporotic changes.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy

Serum lipids of castrated rats given hormonal replacement and fed diets with added soybean oil or palm oil

Ima-Nirwana S, Jamaludin M, Khalid BA, Merican Z, Baharom S

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1995 Jun;4(2):244-8.

PMID: 24394332

The effects of castration with/ without testosterone replacement in male rats, and ovarectomy with oestrogen replacement in female rats, on serum lipids were studied. Simultaneous feeding with diets fortified with 20% weight/ weight (w/ w) soybean oil (Sb) or palm oil (P0) were done to determine the influence of these oils on serum lipids in castrated and sex hormone replaced rats. Two month old male and female Rattus norwegicus rats were given the above treatment for 4 months, and their sera assayed for lipid profile. Castration increased HDL-cholesterol (HDLchol) and total cholesterol (Tchol) concentrations. Testosterone or oestrogen replacement in male and female rats respectively increased HDLchol and decreased LDL-cholesterol (LDLchol) concentrations. Testosterone replacement also decreased Tchol concentration back to noncastrated levels, and reduced serum triglycerides (TG) to lower than non-castrated levels. Addition of Sb or P0 to the diet increased the LDLchol in the testosterone or oestrogen replaced male and female rats, but there was no difference between the two groups. P0 raised serum TG of the testosterone replaced group compared to control and Sb groups. In conclusion, testosterone and oestrogen were found to have favourable effects on serum lipids. Sb and P0 did not differ in their effects on lipoprotein cholesterol and Tchol, but P0 raised serum TG as compared to Sb.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy

The effects of orchidectomy and supraphysiological testosterone administration on trabecular bone structure and gene expression in rats

Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S

Aging Male, 2015 Mar;18(1):60-6.

PMID: 25166624 DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2014.954995

This study aimed to determine the effects of orchidectomy and supraphysiological testosterone replacement on trabecular structure and gene expression in the bone.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy*

Abdominal lump in an infertile man

Biswal BM, Madhavan M, Anas SR

Postgrad Med J, 2000 Nov;76(901):719-20, 728-9.

PMID: 11060156

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy/methods

The anti-osteoporotic effect of Eurycoma Longifolia in aged orchidectomised rat model

Shuid AN, Abu Bakar MF, Abdul Shukor TA, Muhammad N, Mohamed N, Soelaiman IN

Aging Male, 2011 Sep;14(3):150-4.

PMID: 20874437 DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2010.511327

Osteoporosis in elderly men is becoming an important health issue with the aging society. Elderly men with androgen deficiency are exposed to osteoporosis and can be treated with testosterone replacement. In this study, Eurycoma longifolia (EL), a plant with androgenic effects, was supplemented to an androgen-deficient osteoporotic aged rat as alternative to testosterone. Aged 12 months old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups of normal control (NC), sham-operated (SO), orchidectomised-control (OrxC), orchidectomised and supplemented with EL (Orx + El) and orchidectomised and given testosterone (Orx + T). After 6 weeks of treatment, serum osteocalcin, serum terminal C-telopeptide Type 1 collagen (CTX) and the fourth lumbar bone calcium were measured. There were no significant differences in the osteocalcin levels before and after treatment in all the groups. The CTX levels were also similar for all the groups before treatment. However, after treatment, orchidectomy had caused significant elevation of CTX compared to normal control rats. Testosterone replacements in orchidectomised rats were able to prevent the rise of CTX. Orchidectomy had also reduced the bone calcium level compared to normal control rats. Both testosterone replacement and EL supplementation to orchidectomised rats were able to maintain the bone calcium level, with the former showing better effects. As a conclusion, EL prevented bone calcium loss in orchidectomised rats and therefore has the potential to be used as an alternative treatment for androgen deficient osteoporosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy/adverse effects

Effects of gonadectomy and testosterone treatment on aquaporin expression in the kidney of normotensive and hypertensive rats

Loh SY, Giribabu N, Salleh N

Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 2017 07;242(13):1376-1386.

PMID: 28399644 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217703360

We tested the hypothesis that testosterone-induced increase in blood pressure was due to changes in aquaporin (AQP) expression in kidneys. In this study, expression level of kidney AQPs was investigated under testosterone influence. Adult normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and hypertensive SHR male and female rats underwent gonadectomy. For female rats, testosterone was given for six weeks duration, two weeks following ovariectomy via subcutaneous silastic implant. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured in all the rats after eight weeks via carotid artery cannulation and the rats were then sacrificed and kidneys were harvested for analyses of AQP-1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 mRNA and protein expressions by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Distribution of AQP subunits' protein in kidneys was observed by immunofluorescence. In male WKY rats, MAP, AQP-1, 2, 4, and 7 protein; and mRNA expression decreased however AQP-3 protein and mRNA expression increased following orchidectomy. The vice versa effects were observed in testosterone-treated ovariectomized female WKY rats. However, no changes in AQP-6 expression were observed. Meanwhile, in adult male SHR rats, MAP and expression level of all AQP subunits decreased following orchidectomy. The opposite effects were seen in ovariectomized female SHR rats following testosterone treatment. Immunofluorescence study showed AQP-1 and AQP-7 were distributed in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) while AQP-2, AQP-4, and AQP-6 were distributed in the collecting ducts (CDs). AQP-3 was distributed in the PCT and CD. In conclusion, changes in AQP subunit expression in kidneys could explain changes in blood pressure under testosterone influence. Impact statement This study provides fundamental understanding on the mechanisms underlying testosterone-induced increase in blood pressure which involve regulation of aquaporin channel subunits in the kidneys. A better understanding of this issue can help to explain the reason for higher blood pressure in males as compared to females and may explain the reason for higher blood pressure in females after menopause than females before menopause, the former most probably related to the changes in female androgen.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy*

Fulltext Role of laparoscopy and ultrasound in the management of "impalpable testis" in children

Budianto IR, Tan HL, Kinoshita Y, Tamba RP, Leiri S, Taguchi T

Asian J Surg, 2014 Oct;37(4):200-4.

PMID: 24661449 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2014.01.013

Undescended testes is one of the most common congenital abnormalities in boys. In cases of impalpable testes, ultrasound is often used to find the testis, which frequently provides false-negative results. Recently, laparoscopy has become popular in the management of impalpable testes.

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy

Hook wire localization for testis sparing surgery

Ong TA, Yaakup NA, Sivalingam S, Razack AH

Urology, 2013 Apr;81(4):904-7.

PMID: 23537760 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.10.077

To describe a novel technique for localizing small testicular mass during testicular-sparing surgery (TSS).

Matched MeSH terms: Orchiectomy

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