Browse publications by year: 2025

  1. Jeong BH, Ho RL, Lee HY, Han J, Kim H
    BMC Pulm Med, 2025 Jan 24;25(1):37.
    PMID: 39856620 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-025-03476-5
    BACKGROUND: Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) accounts for 0.04-0.7% of all lung tumors, and endobronchial IMT accounts for only 10% of all pulmonary IMTs. Little is known about the therapeutic outcomes of rigid bronchoscopy for endobronchial IMT. Here, we report a case series of eight patients with endobronchial IMT underwent rigid bronchoscopy.

    METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed eight patients with endobronchial IMT between January 2004 and December 2023.

    RESULTS: The median age of our patients was 36 years, and 62.5% were male. Dyspnea was the predominant symptom in cases where the tumor was centrally located (n = 6), whereas hemoptysis was the predominant symptom in peripherally located tumors (n = 2). Most cases had high contrast enhancement and a tumor stalk without bronchial wall invasion on computed tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy. Complete endoscopic resection and laser cauterization via rigid bronchoscopy were possible in five patients. There were only two cases in which tumors remained after the procedure, requiring additional treatment (chemotherapy and surgical resection, respectively). In one patient, surgical resection was performed three weeks after the procedure, and the surgical specimen was free of residual tumor. There was no mortality during the median follow-up duration of 18.8 months.

    CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic resection and laser cauterization using rigid bronchoscopy may serve as a safe and effective alternative treatment modality to surgery for patients with endobronchial IMT.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms/pathology; Lung Neoplasms/surgery; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue/pathology; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue/surgery; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*; Plasma Cell Granuloma, Pulmonary/pathology; Plasma Cell Granuloma, Pulmonary/surgery; Treatment Outcome; Laser Therapy/methods; Young Adult
  2. Ho RL, Jeong BH, Han J, Kim H
    BMC Pulm Med, 2025 Jan 24;25(1):39.
    PMID: 39856645 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03466-z
    BACKGROUND: Glomus tumors (GTs) are rare, comprising only 2% of all soft tissue tumors. Pulmonary GTs are exceptionally rare, with fewer than 80 cases reported to date. Little is known about the therapeutic outcomes of rigid bronchoscopy for endobronchial GT.

    METHODS: This is a case series of four patients with endobronchial GT who underwent therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy between February 2021 and June 2024.

    RESULTS: The ages of the patients in our series ranged from 32 to 75 years, and all patients were male. Cough and blood-tinged sputum were present in all patients with endobronchial GT. The tumor sizes ranged from 1 to 3 cm. Complete endoscopic resection and laser cauterization via rigid bronchoscopy were achieved in two patients. One patient had incomplete resection of a 3-cm tumor in the segmental bronchus that showed radiological evidence of bronchial wall invasion. This patient subsequently underwent lobectomy seven months after bronchoscopic resection. The fourth patient was lost to follow-up. There was no mortality throughout the follow-up periods that ranged from 2.8 to 42.5 months. Factors favoring successful rigid bronchoscopy resection for endobronchial GT include a benign tumor in the central airways without bronchial wall invasion.

    CONCLUSION: Endoscopic resection and laser cauterization using rigid bronchoscopy may be a viable option for patients with endobronchial GT when surgery is not practical.

    CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome
  3. Thavaraj S, Robinson M, Dayal S, Bowen C
    Diagn Pathol, 2025 Jan 24;20(1):9.
    PMID: 39856694 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-025-01601-w
    BACKGROUND: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer death globally, with newly diagnosed oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) cases rising to 54,000 in the US alone in the year 2022. Recently, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection was more prevalent in OPSCC patients than the traditionally known carcinogens such as tobacco or alcohol. HPV 16 is the most common causative HPV strain, which is found in 5-10% of HNSCC patients. HPV 16's E6 and E7 oncoproteins bind and inactivate p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor-suppressing genes. This causes aberrant over-expression of the cell cycle inhibitor gene, p16, leading to tumorigenesis. Leica Biosystems (LBS) has developed a p16 antibody (6H12 clone) for qualitatively identifying the p16 protein in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue by immunohistochemical staining. This method comparison study tested the concordance rates between ready-to-use (RTU) LBS p16/LBS RTU p16 antibody and Roche Tissue Diagnostics (RTD) CINtec p16 Histology immunohistochemical (IHC) assays by measuring overall agreement (OA), average positive agreement (APA), and average negative agreement (ANA) rates in 170 OPSCC FFPE cases. Interobserver agreement of the 2 assays and LBS RTU p16 comparison with the standard HPV molecular assays (DNA ISH and PCR) were also assessed.

    METHODS: One hundred and seventy (170) unique oropharyngeal cancer cases were stained for qualitative analysis by the LBS p16 antibody on BOND III. This assay was compared to Ventana's RTD E6H4 (CINtec) clone on Benchmark XT. A stained core was considered p16 positive if the Histoscore (H score) was ≥ 140 and negative if H 

    MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology; Humans; Paraffin Embedding; Human papillomavirus 16/genetics; Human papillomavirus 16/immunology
  4. Tan SA, Ang SM, Pung PW, Teoh XY, Ooh SL
    BMC Psychol, 2025 Jan 24;13(1):68.
    PMID: 39856753 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-025-02414-8
    BACKGROUND: Intention toward infidelity or extramarital affairs could be caused by sex life dissatisfaction and low relationship satisfaction. Although sex is just a tiny part of a marriage's relationship, the importance of sex life in a relationship cannot be easily underestimated. Past studies have found some important associations between sex life and relationship satisfaction in determining whether a person would decide to engage in marital infidelity. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism of the association between sex life satisfaction and intention toward infidelity is unexplored in the Malaysian context. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the mediating role of relationship satisfaction in its direct association between sex life satisfaction and intention toward infidelity among Malaysian married individuals.

    METHOD: A total of 292 married individuals (Mage=42.98; SDage=9.82; 66.4% women; 65.4% Chinese Malaysians, 15.8% Indians Malaysians, 14.7% Others Ethnic Malaysians, and 4.1% Malay Malaysians) participated in the cross-sectional quantitative online survey.

    RESULTS: A significant positive association was found between sex life and relationship satisfaction. However, sex life and relationship satisfaction were negatively associated with intention toward infidelity. Meanwhile, relationship satisfaction significantly mediates the link between sex life satisfaction and intention toward infidelity after controlling for the effects of age and gender. These findings support the hypothetical mediating role of relationship satisfaction in the association between sex life satisfaction and intention toward infidelity.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study may fill a knowledge gap in Malaysia about the underlying association among these variables as well as the practical implication of the importance of sex life and relationship satisfaction in determining whether one would engage in extramarital affairs.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Extramarital Relations/ethnology; Extramarital Relations/psychology; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Malaysia/ethnology; Male; Middle Aged; Personal Satisfaction*; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sexual Partners/psychology; Intention*
  5. Hafeez Y, Memon K, Al-Quraishi MS, Yahya N, Elferik S, Ali SSA
    Diagnostics (Basel), 2025 Jan 13;15(2).
    PMID: 39857052 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15020168
    Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently made unprecedented contributions in every walk of life, but it has not been able to work its way into diagnostic medicine and standard clinical practice yet. Although data scientists, researchers, and medical experts have been working in the direction of designing and developing computer aided diagnosis (CAD) tools to serve as assistants to doctors, their large-scale adoption and integration into the healthcare system still seems far-fetched. Diagnostic radiology is no exception. Imagining techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET) scans have been widely and very effectively employed by radiologists and neurologists for the differential diagnoses of neurological disorders for decades, yet no AI-powered systems to analyze such scans have been incorporated into the standard operating procedures of healthcare systems. Why? It is absolutely understandable that in diagnostic medicine, precious human lives are on the line, and hence there is no room even for the tiniest of mistakes. Nevertheless, with the advent of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), the old-school black boxes of deep learning (DL) systems have been unraveled. Would XAI be the turning point for medical experts to finally embrace AI in diagnostic radiology? This review is a humble endeavor to find the answers to these questions. Methods: In this review, we present the journey and contributions of AI in developing systems to recognize, preprocess, and analyze brain MRI scans for differential diagnoses of various neurological disorders, with special emphasis on CAD systems embedded with explainability. A comprehensive review of the literature from 2017 to 2024 was conducted using host databases. We also present medical domain experts' opinions and summarize the challenges up ahead that need to be addressed in order to fully exploit the tremendous potential of XAI in its application to medical diagnostics and serve humanity. Results: Forty-seven studies were summarized and tabulated with information about the XAI technology and datasets employed, along with performance accuracies. The strengths and weaknesses of the studies have also been discussed. In addition, the opinions of seven medical experts from around the world have been presented to guide engineers and data scientists in developing such CAD tools. Conclusions: Current CAD research was observed to be focused on the enhancement of the performance accuracies of the DL regimens, with less attention being paid to the authenticity and usefulness of explanations. A shortage of ground truth data for explainability was also observed. Visual explanation methods were found to dominate; however, they might not be enough, and more thorough and human professor-like explanations would be required to build the trust of healthcare professionals. Special attention to these factors along with the legal, ethical, safety, and security issues can bridge the current gap between XAI and routine clinical practice.
  6. Hussain MS, Mujwar S, Babu MA, Goyal K, Chellappan DK, Negi P, et al.
    PMID: 39862263 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-025-03809-5
    As a promising candidate for tackling drug-resistant cancers, triptolide, a diterpenoid derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii, has been developed. This review summarizes potential antitumor activities, including the suppression of RNA polymerase II, the suppression of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90), and the blockade of NF-kB signalling. Triptolide is the first known compound to target cancer cells specifically but spare normal cells, and it has success in treating cancers that are difficult to treat, including pancreatic, breast, and lung cancers. It acts against the tolerance mechanisms, including efflux pump upregulation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cells. Triptolide modulates important cascades, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, enhancing the efficacy of conventional therapies. Nonetheless, its clinical application is constrained by toxicity and bioavailability challenges. Emerging drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles and micellar formulations, are being developed to address these limitations. It has strong interactions with key anticancer targets, like PARP, as determined in preclinical and computational studies consistent with its mechanism of action. Early-phase clinical trials of Minnelide, a water-soluble derivative of triptolide, are promising, but additional work is necessary to optimize dosing, delivery, and safety. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates that triptolide may constitute a repurposed precision medicine tool to overcome tolerance in cancer therapy.
  7. Jiang K, Bai Y, Hou R, Chen G, Liu L, Ciftci ON, et al.
    Food Chem, 2025 Apr 30;472:142932.
    PMID: 39862607 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.142932
    Dietary polyphenols represent a diverse group of plant-derived compounds known for their extensive biological activities, offering significant promise in the prevention and treatment of various chronic illnesses. Despite their potential, advancements in their research have been curtailed by challenges in structural analysis and limitations in existing research models. This review marks a pioneering exploration into how bile acids, gut microbiota, and the gut-brain axis serve as conduits through which dietary polyphenols can exert therapeutic effects on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). This review enriches understanding of their biological functions and addresses common obstacles in the study of natural polyphenols. It provides a comprehensive examination of the role of dietary polyphenols in modulating bile acid metabolism and mitigating IBD, covering aspects such as polyphenols, bile acid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and the nervous system. This work opens new vistas in appreciating the full spectrum of polyphenol benefits, laying the groundwork for future explorations in this domain.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Humans; Oxidative Stress/drug effects
  8. Lim HX, Khalid K, Abdullah ADI, Lee LH, Raja Ali RA
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2025 Feb;183:117855.
    PMID: 39862702 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2025.117855
    As the number of infections and deaths attributable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues to rise, it is now becoming apparent that the health impacts of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may not be limited to infection and the subsequent resolution of symptoms. Reports have shown that patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection may experience multiple symptoms across different organ systems that are associated with adverse health outcomes and develop new cardiac, renal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and nervous conditions, a condition known as Long COVID or the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). This review provides insights into distinct subphenotypes of Long COVID and identifies microbiota dysbiosis as a common theme and crucial target for future therapies. Another important finding is that Long COVID is associated with prolonged and increased inflammation, potentially attributable to immune system dysfunction. A promising solution lies in the potential of probiotics to mitigate Long COVID symptoms by restoring gut microbiota balance and modulating the immune response. By evaluating the current clinical development landscape of the use of probiotics to treat Long COVID symptoms, this paper provides recommendations for future research by stressing the need to understand the modulation of bacterium strains followed by probiotic therapy to understand the association of microbiota dysbiosis with Long COVID symptoms. This will facilitate the development of effective probiotic formulations that could serve as reliable therapies against Long COVID.
    MeSH terms: Humans; Phenotype; Dysbiosis*
  9. Mishan MA, Choo YM, Winkler J, Hamann MT, Karan D
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2025 Mar 05;990:177295.
    PMID: 39863145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177295
    Manzamine A, a natural compound derived from various sponge genera, features a β-carboline structure and exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antimalarial effects. Its potential as an anticancer agent has been explored in several tumor models, both in vitro and in vivo, showing effects through mechanisms such as cytotoxicity, regulation of the cell cycle, inhibition of cell migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, and apoptosis through multi-target interactions of E2F transcriptional factors, ribosomal S6 kinases, androgen receptor (AR), SIX1, GSK-3β, v-ATPase, and p53/p21/p27 cascades. This systematic review evaluates existing literature on the potential application of this marine alkaloid as a novel cancer therapy, highlighting its promising ability to inhibit cancer cell growth while causing minimal side effects.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Carbazoles; Humans; Neoplasms/drug therapy; Neoplasms/pathology; Apoptosis/drug effects; Indole Alkaloids/pharmacology; Indole Alkaloids/therapeutic use; Indole Alkaloids/chemistry; E2F Transcription Factors/metabolism
  10. Yip TC, Lee HW, Lin H, Tsochatzis E, Petta S, Bugianesi E, et al.
    J Hepatol, 2025 Jan 23.
    PMID: 39863175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2025.01.014
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Current guidelines recommend a two-step approach for risk stratification in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) involving Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) followed by liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) or similar second-line tests. This study aimed to examine the prognostic performance of this approach.

    METHODS: The VCTE-Prognosis study was a longitudinal study of patients with MASLD who had undergone VCTE examinations at 16 centres from the US, Europe and Asia with subsequent follow-up for clinical events. The primary endpoint was incident liver-related events (LREs), defined as hepatic decompensation and/or hepatocellular carcinoma.

    RESULTS: Of 12,950 patients (mean age 52 years, 41% female, 12.1% LSM >12 kPa), baseline FIB-4, at cut-offs of 1.3 (or 2.0 for age ≥65) and 2.67, classified 66.3% as low-risk and 9.8% as high-risk, leaving 23.9% in the intermediate-risk zone. After classifying intermediate FIB-4 patients as low-risk if LSM was <8.0 kPa and high-risk if LSM was >12.0 kPa, 81.5%, 4.6%, and 13.9% of the full cohort were classified as low-, intermediate-, and high-risk, respectively. At a median (IQR) follow-up of 47 (23-72) months, 248 (1.9%) patients developed LREs. The 5-year cumulative incidence of LREs was 0.5%, 1.0% and 10.8% in the low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups, respectively. Replacing LSM with Agile 3+, Agile 4, and FAST did not reduce the intermediate-risk zone or improve event prediction. Classifying intermediate FIB-4 patients by LSM <10 kPa (low-risk) and >15 kPa (high-risk) reduced the intermediate-risk zone while maintaining predictive performance.

    CONCLUSIONS: The non-invasive two-step approach of FIB-4 followed by LSM is effective in classifying patients at different risks of LREs.

    IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is emerging as one of the leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide, but only a minority of patients will develop these complications. Therefore, it is necessary to use non-invasive tests instead of liver biopsy for risk stratification. Additionally, as most patients with MASLD are seen in primary care instead of specialist settings, cost and availability of the tests should be taken into consideration. In this multicentre study, the use of the Fibrosis-4 index followed by liver stiffness measurement by vibration-controlled transient elastography effectively identified patients who would later develop liver-related events. The results support current recommendations by various regional guidelines on a clinical care pathway based on non-invasive tests to diagnose advanced liver fibrosis.

  11. Chen JXY, Vipin A, Sandhu GK, Leow YJ, Zailan FZ, Tanoto P, et al.
    J Prev Alzheimers Dis, 2025 Feb;12(2):100029.
    PMID: 39863325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100029
    BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) like hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus are increasingly linked to cognitive decline and dementia, especially in cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are closely associated with cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms behind their development remain unclear. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction may be a key factor, particularly in cSVD.

    OBJECTIVE: This study explores the relationship between CRFs, BBB integrity, and WMH burden.

    DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The study included 155 participants from the Biomarkers and Cognition Study, Singapore (BIOCIS). CRFs were assessed through blood tests for glucose and lipid profiles, and blood pressure measurements. WMH volumes were quantified using MRI.

    MEASUREMENTS: BBB integrity was evaluated using a Transendothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) assay with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMEC) exposed to participant plasma.

    RESULTS: Plasma from individuals with a higher WMH burden was associated with increased BBB disruption in hBMEC. Higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as body mass index, were correlated with greater BBB disruption. Regression analyses revealed that elevated blood glucose and lipid levels were linked to increased BBB disruption. Both periventricular and subcortical WMH burdens were associated with increased BBB disruption.

    CONCLUSION: This study highlights a relationship between CRFs, BBB disruption, and WMH burden, suggesting that CRFs may impair BBB integrity and contribute to WMH and cognitive decline in cSVD.

    MeSH terms: Aged; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Singapore/epidemiology; Endothelial Cells/pathology; Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases/pathology; Mild Cognitive Impairment/pathology
  12. Khawaja AW, Kamari NAM, Abd Halim S, Zulkifley MA, Ansari S, Khalid K, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2025 Jan 25;15(1):3255.
    PMID: 39863643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-85325-3
    This study aims to establish a thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) equipped with a proportional integral derivative with filter (PIDF) controller by using a futuristic optimisation technique called evolutionary programming sine cosine algorithm (EPSCA) with multiobjective function (MOF). EPSCA is developed by merging evolutionary programming and the sine cosine algorithm. Three stability indicators, i.e. damping ratio (DR), damping factor (DF) and the greatest imaginary component of the system eigenvalues at a certain ratio, are combined to form the MOF. EPSCA is designed to optimise TCSC-PIDF controller variables to reap a peerless solution with a futuristic MOF as an objective function (OF). All simulations are performed using a linearised dynamical system of the TCSC-single machine infinite bus system. In addition, the TCSC-PIDF controller using EPSCA based on MOF is compared with other indicators, such as DR and DF, as the OF. The MOF-EPSCA-derived PIDF damping controller manifests substantial ameliorations in settling times and overshoot in comparison with DR-EPSCA, DF-EPSCA, and PIDF-U. The suggested method of optimisation, which combines a futuristic multiobjective function and damping controller model, validates the robustness of the damping controller's design for the power system.
  13. Goh ZL, Farhana NK, Kamarulazam F, Pershaanaa M, Bashir S, Ramesh K, et al.
    Macromol Rapid Commun, 2025 Jan;46(2):e2400481.
    PMID: 39405501 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400481
    This study presents a novel approach to developing eco-friendly dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using natural and renewable materials for gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), reducing reliance on unsustainable solvents. Water is added to polar aprotic solvents, specifically ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate (EC/PC), across various mass fractions (0:100 to 100:0). An amphiphilic hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) natural polymer is employed to formulate GPEs within this water-EC/PC cosolvent system, achieving successful gelation up to 50:50 mass fractions. Incorporating water reduced the gel strength and viscosity of the GPEs. Water acted as a plasticizer, enhancing the polymer chains mobility, and creating a more flexible and permeable structure. This increased ion diffusion coefficients and ion mobility, resulting in a maximum ionic conductivity of 18.17 mS cm-1. The highest efficiency achieved in DSSCs using these GPEs is 5.81%, with elevated short-circuit current density and reduced recombination losses. However, some compositions experienced syneresis, affecting their stability. The GPE with a 40:60 mass fraction exhibited superior long-term stability because it is free from syneresis, though it achieved a lower efficiency (4.83%), making it the best-performing sample. This work demonstrates the feasibility and benefits of using gel polymer electrolytes in an aqueous system, improving DSSC efficiency and sustainability.
    MeSH terms: Dioxolanes; Polymers/chemistry; Propane/analogs & derivatives; Propane/chemistry; Solar Energy*; Solvents/chemistry; Viscosity
  14. Wong BC, Tan HS
    Microb Genom, 2025 Jan;11(1).
    PMID: 39853209 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001339
    In recent decades, Shigella sonnei has surpassed Shigella flexneri as the leading cause of shigellosis, possibly due to species-specific differences in their transcriptomic responses. This study used dual RNA sequencing to analyse the transcriptomic responses of Caenorhabditis elegans and the two Shigella species at early (10 minutes) and late (24 hours) stages of infection. While the nematode defence response was downregulated during both Shigella infections, only infection by S. sonnei led to downregulation of sphingolipid metabolism, cadmium ion response and xenobiotic response in C. elegans. Furthermore, S. sonnei upregulates biofilm formation and energy generation/conservation during infection, acid resistance-related genes and biofilm regulators compared to S. flexneri. These findings highlight species-specific responses during C. elegans infection.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Species Specificity; Host-Pathogen Interactions*; Transcriptome
  15. Chhoa KH, Chiang SK, Ong KY, Yong CK, Ng BZ, Othman SZ, et al.
    J ECT, 2025 Jan 24.
    PMID: 39853313 DOI: 10.1097/YCT.0000000000001110
    There remains a scarcity of studies to evaluate the treatment effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a cost-effective method to measure cerebral hemodynamics. This study used fNIRS to evaluate the effect of ECT in patients suffering from schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (manic phase). Thirty patients with mania and 31 with schizophrenia were recruited. Each participant received 6 sessions of ECT. This study utilized the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and fNIRS-verbal fluency test paradigm at baseline and after each session of ECT. The prefrontal cortex hemodynamic response during the performance of verbal fluency test was recorded via a commercial wireless high-density continuous-wave fNIRS system device. The effect of categorical and continuous variables was determined using Pearson's chi-square test and Student's t test or 1-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni-corrected post hoc pairwise comparison, respectively. Comparing the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale scores between baseline, sessions 3 and 6, the scores were significantly decreased (P < 0.001), with both patient groups achieving more than 50% reduction in scores from baseline to session 6. The fNIRS also showed significant increases in oxy-hemoglobin levels (session 6 vs baseline) in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for both patient groups (P < 0.05). There were significant correlations in the reduction of symptom severity and increase in HbO2 levels in people with bipolar disorder (manic phase) and schizophrenia (P < 0.05). Monitoring the activation in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is an objective ECT monitoring indicator for patients suffering from bipolar disorder (manic phase) or schizophrenia.
  16. Saffari M, Huang CH, Huang PC, Chang YH, Chen JS, Poon WC, et al.
    J Behav Addict, 2025 Mar 28;14(1):289-303.
    PMID: 39853322 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2024.00083
    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There are limited data regarding associations between gaming disorder and physical activity (PA). The present study investigated the direct association between these two variables and assessed the potentially mediating roles of PA avoidance and two types of weight stigma (i.e., internalized weight stigma and perceived weight stigma) in the association.

    METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey that assessed PA avoidance, two types of weight stigma, and PA level was completed in late 2023 by 884 Taiwanese young adults aged between 20 and 40 years (63.9% females). Multinomial logistic regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to assess the associations between variables and perform the mediation analysis.

    RESULTS: Cognitive behavioral symptoms and negative consequences related to gaming disorder were more common among participants with lower PA than those with moderate to high PA. Individuals at risk of gaming disorder exhibited higher level of PA avoidance, internalized weight stigma, and perceived weight stigma. The SEM found a direct association between gaming disorder and PA, which was negatively mediated by PA avoidance. However, this direct effect was not present when the association was negatively mediated by serial mediations of weight stigma and PA avoidance.

    DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Higher gaming disorder was associated with higher levels of PA, but this association may not be present when taking into account the mediation effect of weight stigma and PA avoidance. The findings suggest complex relationships and further research is needed to examine individual differences and relationships among clinical groups.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Avoidance Learning/physiology; Body Weight/physiology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Severity of Illness Index; Taiwan/epidemiology; Exercise*; Young Adult; Social Stigma*
  17. Munawar M, McNeil R, Jani R, Buya S, Tarmizi T
    Environ Monit Assess, 2025 Jan 24;197(2):190.
    PMID: 39853388 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13604-z
    Climate change and global warming are terms used to describe the variation in the Earth's mean temperature as a result of human activities contributing to the formation of urban heat islands (UHI). One method for determining the temperature of a region is the land surface temperature (LST). The study of LSTs is important and closely related to climate change, as is the provision of convenient living and working conditions in cities, which support economic growth. The NASA Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) database was utilized to gather data on the LST for each subregion from 2000 to 2022. The study area comprises 11 capital cities from Southeast Asian (SEA) nations, organized into nine sub-regional super-regions. This study used the specific area of cities as a study area different from the previous study that covered islands. The objective of the present study was to employ a cubic spline model with seven or eight nodes to assess the periodicity and fluctuations in LST in SEA cities. A 95% confidence interval was then created using the LST variation. An adequate representation of the cyclical pattern in the cubic spline equation required eight knots. The research revealed a statistically significant increase in the mean daily LST in 8 of the 11 SEA super-regions. The findings showed a confidence interval of [0.295, 0.447] °C at the 95% confidence level and an overall average increase in the LST at SEA of 0.371 °C per decade. While the LST increased in Jakarta, Hanoi, Vientiane, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, and Phnom Penh, it remained unchanged in the Bandar Seri Begawan super-region. On the other hand, the LST was slightly lower in Naypyidaw and marginally greater in Manila. An increase in LST in SEA cities indicates global warming due to reduced green areas.
    MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern; Cities*; Temperature*; Climate Change; Global Warming; Satellite Imagery
  18. Soler-Gutiérrez AM, Sánchez-Carmona AJ, Albert J, Hinojosa JA, Cortese S, Bellato A, et al.
    PMID: 39853403 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-025-02647-3
    We investigated whether there is an emotional processing deficit in ADHD and whether this only applies to specific emotional categories. In this PRISMA-compliant systematic review based on a pre-registered protocol ( https://osf.io/egp7d ), we searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ERIC, Scopus and Web of Science databases until 3rd December 2023, to identify empirical studies comparing emotional processing in individuals meeting DSM (version III to 5-TR) or ICD (version 9 or 10) criteria for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and in a non-psychiatric control group. Study quality was assessed with the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS). Eighty studies were included and meta-analysed (encompassing 6191 participants and 465 observations). Bayesian meta-analyses were conducted to compare individuals with ADHD and non-psychiatric controls on overall emotional processing measures (meta-analysis 1) and across emotional categories (meta-analysis 2). The type of stimulus employed, outcome measurement reported, age, sex, and medication status were analysed as moderators. We found poorer performance in both overall emotion processing (g =  - 0.65) and across emotional categories (anger g =  - 0.37; disgust g =  - 0.24; fear g =  - 0.37; sadness g =  - 0.34; surprise g =  - 0.26; happiness/positive g =  - 0.31; negative g =  - 0.20; neutral g =  - 0.25) for individuals with ADHD compared to non-psychiatric controls. Scales items and accuracy outcome being the most effective moderators in detecting such differences. No effects of age, sex, or medication status were found. Overall, these results show that impaired emotional processing is a relevant feature of ADHD and suggest that it should be systematically assessed in clinical practice.
  19. Khaled K, Alderhali R, Helbing J, Alzobi O, Zikria B
    Int Orthop, 2025 Jan 24.
    PMID: 39853426 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-025-06414-6
    PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the presence of spin in abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses comparing biceps tenodesis and tenotomy outcomes and to explore associations between spin and specific study characteristics.

    METHODS: Using Web of Science and PubMed databases, systematic reviews and meta-analyses comparing outcomes of biceps tenodesis and tenotomy were identified. Abstracts were evaluated for the nine most severe types of spin as described by Yavchitz et al. and appraised using the AMSTAR 2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews). Study characteristics were extracted, including adherence to PRISMA guidelines,funding status, and impact metrics such as journal impact factor, total number of citations, and average annual citations.

    RESULTS: A total of 16 studies were included, with spin detected in 81.3% of the abstracts. Type three spin was the most frequent (56.3%), followed by types six (43.8%), five (37.5%), nine (25.0%), two (12.5%), and four (6.3%). Spin types one, seven, and eight were not observed. AMSTAR 2 appraised 75% of the studies as 'low' quality, and 25% as 'critically low' quality. All studies had at least one critical flaw, with item 15 (investigation of publication bias) being the most frequent (93.8%). A strong positive correlation was found between AMSTAR 2 scores and citation counts (r = 0.821, p 

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