Solar insolation in springtime influences age of onset of bipolar I disorder

Bauer M 1 , Glenn T 2 , Alda M 3 , Aleksandrovich MA 4 , Andreassen OA 5 , Angelopoulos E 6 Show all authors , Ardau R 7 , Ayhan Y 8 , Baethge C 9 , Bharathram SR 10 , Bauer R 1 , Baune BT 11 , Becerra-Palars C 12 , Bellivier F 13 , Belmaker RH 14 , Berk M 15 , Bersudsky Y 14 , Bicakci Ş 8 , Birabwa-Oketcho H 16 , Bjella TD 5 , Bossini L 17 , Cabrera J 18 , Cheung EYW 19 , Del Zompo M 7 , Dodd S 15 , Donix M 1 , Etain B 13 , Fagiolini A 17 , Fountoulakis KN 20 , Frye MA 21 , Gonzalez-Pinto A 22 , Gottlieb JF 23 , Grof P 24 , Harima H 25 , Henry C 26 , Isometsä ET 27 , Janno S 28 , Kapczinski F 29 , Kardell M 30 , Khaldi S 31 , Kliwicki S 32 , König B 33 , Kot TL 34 , Krogh R 35 , Kunz M 29 , Lafer B 36 , Landén M 37 , Larsen ER 35 , Lewitzka U 1 , Licht RW 38 , Lopez-Jaramillo C 39 , MacQueen G 40 , Manchia M 41 , Marsh W 42 , Martinez-Cengotitabengoa M 22 , Melle I 5 , Meza-Urzúa F 12 , Yee Ming M 43 , Monteith S 44 , Morken G 45 , Mosca E 7 , Munoz R 46 , Mythri SV 47 , Nacef F 48 , Nadella RK 10 , Nery FG 36 , Nielsen RE 38 , O'Donovan C 3 , Omrani A 49 , Osher Y 14 , Østermark Sørensen H 38 , Ouali U 48 , Pica Ruiz Y 50 , Pilhatsch M 1 , Pinna M 51 , da Ponte FDR 29 , Quiroz D 52 , Ramesar R 53 , Rasgon N 54 , Reddy MS 47 , Reif A 55 , Ritter P 1 , Rybakowski JK 32 , Sagduyu K 56 , Scippa ÂM 57 , Severus E 1 , Simhandl C 33 , Stein DJ 58 , Strejilevich S 59 , Subramaniam M 60 , Sulaiman AH 61 , Suominen K 62 , Tagata H 25 , Tatebayashi Y 63 , Tondo L 64 , Torrent C 65 , Vaaler AE 45 , Veeh J 55 , Vieta E 65 , Viswanath B 10 , Yoldi-Negrete M 66 , Zetin M 67 , Zgueb Y 48 , Whybrow PC 68

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
  • 2 ChronoRecord Association, Fullerton, CA, USA
  • 3 Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
  • 4 Soviet Psychoneurological Hospital, Urai, Russia
  • 5 NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • 6 Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, National and Capodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  • 7 Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
  • 8 Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
  • 9 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany
  • 10 Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
  • 11 Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  • 12 National Institute of Psychiatry '"Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
  • 13 Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, FondaMental Foundation, INSERM UMR-S1144, Denis Diderot University, René Descartes University, Paris, France
  • 14 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
  • 15 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
  • 16 Butabika Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
  • 17 Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Mental Health (DAI), University of Siena and University of Siena Medical Center (AOUS), Siena, Italy
  • 18 Mood Disorders Clinic, Dr. Jose Horwitz Psychiatric Institute, Santiago de Chile, Chile
  • 19 Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Castle Peak Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
  • 20 Division of Neurosciences, 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
  • 21 Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
  • 22 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Alava, University of the Basque Country, CIBERSAM, Vitoria, Spain
  • 23 Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
  • 24 Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  • 25 Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
  • 26 AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor and INSERM U955 (IMRB) and Université Paris Est and Institut Pasteur, Unité Perception et Mémoire, Paris, France
  • 27 Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  • 28 Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  • 29 Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  • 30 Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  • 31 Private practice, Tunis, Tunisia
  • 32 Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
  • 33 BIPOLAR Zentrum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
  • 34 Khanty-Mansiysk Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
  • 35 Department of Affective Disorders, Q, Mood Disorders Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
  • 36 Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 37 Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg and Mölndal, Sweden
  • 38 Unit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aalborg, Denmark
  • 39 Mood Disorders Program, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Research Group in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
  • 40 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
  • 41 Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
  • 42 Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
  • 43 Department of General Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore City, Singapore
  • 44 Traverse City Campus, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Traverse City, MI, USA
  • 45 Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
  • 46 Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
  • 47 Asha Bipolar Clinic, Asha Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
  • 48 Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
  • 49 Tunisian Bipolar Forum, Érable Médical Cabinet 324, Tunis, Tunisia
  • 50 Hospital "Ángeles del Pedregal", Mexico City, Mexico
  • 51 Lucio Bini Mood Disorder Center, Cagliari, Italy
  • 52 Deparment of Psychiatry, Diego Portales University, Santiago de Chile, Chile
  • 53 UCT/MRC Human Genetics Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
  • 54 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
  • 55 Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • 56 Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
  • 57 Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
  • 58 Department of Psychiatry, MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
  • 59 Bipolar Disorder Program, Neuroscience Institute, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 60 Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore City, Singapore
  • 61 Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 62 Department of Social Services and Health Care, Psychiatry, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  • 63 Schizophrenia & Affective Disorders Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Seatagaya, Tokyo, Japan
  • 64 McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
  • 65 Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
  • 66 Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología - Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
  • 67 Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
  • 68 Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
Acta Psychiatr Scand, 2017 Dec;136(6):571-582.
PMID: 28722128 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12772

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To confirm prior findings that the larger the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation in springtime, the younger the age of onset of bipolar disorder.

METHOD: Data were collected from 5536 patients at 50 sites in 32 countries on six continents. Onset occurred at 456 locations in 57 countries. Variables included solar insolation, birth-cohort, family history, polarity of first episode and country physician density.

RESULTS: There was a significant, inverse association between the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation at the onset location, and the age of onset. This effect was reduced in those without a family history of mood disorders and with a first episode of mania rather than depression. The maximum monthly increase occurred in springtime. The youngest birth-cohort had the youngest age of onset. All prior relationships were confirmed using both the entire sample, and only the youngest birth-cohort (all estimated coefficients P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: A large increase in springtime solar insolation may impact the onset of bipolar disorder, especially with a family history of mood disorders. Recent societal changes that affect light exposure (LED lighting, mobile devices backlit with LEDs) may influence adaptability to a springtime circadian challenge.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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