Affiliations 

  • 1 Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 2 Department of Primary Care Medicine, University of Malaya Primary Care Research Group (UMPCRG), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
  • 3 School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 4 Division of Social Research in Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
PLoS One, 2015;10(5):e0124553.
PMID: 25938494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124553

Abstract

Objectives: To develop and validate Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool (OPAAT) in Malaysia.
Methods: The OPAAT was modified from the Malaysian Osteoporosis Knowledge Tool and developed from an exploratory study on patients. Face and content validity was established by an expert panel. The OPAAT consists of 30 items, categorized into three domains. A higher score indicates higher knowledge level. English speaking non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women 50 years of age and pharmacists were included in the study.
Results: A total of 203 patients and 31 pharmacists were recruited. Factor analysis extracted three domains. Flesch reading ease was 59.2. The mean±SD accuracy rate was 0.60±0.22 (range: 0.26-0.94). The Cronbach’s α for each domain ranged from 0.286-0.748. All items were highly correlated (Spearman’s rho: 0.761-0.990, p<0.05), with no significant change in the overall test-retest scores, indicating that OPAAT has achieved stable reliability. Pharmacists had higher knowledge score than patients (80.9±8.7vs63.6±17.4, p<0.001), indicating
that the OPAAT was able to discriminate between the knowledge levels of pharmacists and patients.
Conclusion: The OPAAT was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing patient’s knowledge about osteoporosis and its prevention in Malaysia. The OPAAT can be used to identify individuals in need of osteoporosis educational intervention.
Study site:: Primary care clinic, tertiary hospital, Malaysia

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.