Genomic diversity and genome-wide association analysis related to yield and fatty acid composition of wild American oil palm

Ithnin M 1 , Vu WT 2 , Shin MG 2 , Suryawanshi V 2 , Sherbina K 2 , Zolkafli SH 1 Show all authors , Serdari NM 1 , Amiruddin MD 1 , Abdullah N 1 , Mustaffa S 1 , Marjuni M 1 , Nookiah R 1 , Kushairi A 1 , Marjoram P 3 , Nuzhdin SV 2 , Chang PL 4 , Singh R 5

Affiliations 

  • 1 Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
  • 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
  • 3 Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
  • 4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. Electronic address: peter.chang@usc.edu
  • 5 Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia. Electronic address: rajinder@mpob.gov.my
Plant Sci, 2021 Mar;304:110731.
PMID: 33568284 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110731

Abstract

Existing Elaeis guineensis cultivars lack sufficient genetic diversity due to extensive breeding. Harnessing variation in wild crop relatives is necessary to expand the breadth of agronomically valuable traits. Using RAD sequencing, we examine the natural diversity of wild American oil palm populations (Elaeis oleifera), a sister species of the cultivated Elaeis guineensis oil palm. We genotyped 192 wild E. oleifera palms collected from seven Latin American countries along with four cultivated E. guineensis palms. Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia palms are panmictic and genetically similar. Genomic patterns of diversity suggest that these populations likely originated from the Amazon Basin. Despite evidence of a genetic bottleneck and high inbreeding observed in these populations, there is considerable genetic and phenotypic variation for agronomically valuable traits. Genome-wide association revealed several candidate genes associated with fatty acid composition along with vegetative and yield-related traits. These observations provide valuable insight into the geographic distribution of diversity, phenotypic variation and its genetic architecture that will guide choices of wild genotypes for crop improvement.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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