Burden of Transport-Related Injuries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

GBD 2017 EMR Transport Injuries Collaborators 1 , Safiri S 1 , Sullman MJM 2 , Lajunen T 3 , Hill T 4 , Almasi-Hashiani A 5 Show all authors , Moradi-Lakeh M 6 , Farzadfar F 7 , Sepanlou SG 8 , Abu-Gharbieh E 9 , Aghamolaei T 10 , Ahmad T 11 , Alghnam SA 12 , Al-Hajj S 13 , Alipour V 14 , Aljunid SM 15 , Anjomshoa M 16 , Ansari-Moghaddam A 17 , Arabloo J 14 , Bayati M 18 , Bedi N 19 , Bendak S 20 , Bhutta ZA 21 , Bijani A 22 , Dahlawi SMA 23 , Dianatinasab M 24 , Dibaji Forooshani ZS 25 , Elhabashy HR 26 , Emami Zeydi A 27 , Eskandarieh S 28 , Ghafourifard M 29 , Ghashghaee A 14 , Grivna M 30 , Gubari MIM 31 , Hamadeh RR 32 , Hamidi S 33 , Hayat K 34 , Homaie Rad E 35 , Hosseinzadeh M 36 , Househ M 37 , Naghibi Irvani SS 38 , Jahani MA 22 , Kalankesh LR 39 , Kalhor R 40 , Kamel I 41 , Khammarnia M 42 , Khan M 43 , Khazaie H 44 , Komaki H 45 , Lahimchi A 46 , Madadin M 47 , Maleki S 48 , Manafi N 49 , Mansour-Ghanaei F 50 , Mansournia MA 51 , Menezes RG 52 , Mohammad Y 53 , Mohammadian-Hafshejani A 54 , Mohebi F 7 , Moradi G 55 , Moradzadeh R 5 , Mousavi SM 56 , Naderi M 48 , Nikbakhsh R 57 , Pakshir K 58 , Pourshams A 8 , Rabiee N 59 , Rafiei A 60 , Rawassizadeh R 61 , Rezapour A 14 , Saddik B 62 , Saeedi Moghaddam S 7 , Salamati P 63 , Salem MR 64 , Salem H 65 , Samy AM 66 , Sathian B 67 , Shahabi S 68 , Shaikh MA 69 , Shams-Beyranvand M 70 , Shamsizadeh M 71 , Sobhiyeh MR 72 , Soheili A 73 , Tehrani-Banihashemi A 6 , Waheed Y 74 , Yusefzadeh H 75 , Zahirian Moghadam T 76 , Zaki L 77 , Zamani M 78 , Zandian H 76 , Malekzadeh R 8 , Naghavi M 79

Affiliations 

  • 1 Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 2 Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
  • 3 Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
  • 4 Hertfordshire Business School, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
  • 5 Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  • 6 Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 7 Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 8 Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 9 Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  • 10 Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
  • 11 Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
  • 12 Population Health Research Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 13 Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  • 14 Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 15 Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
  • 16 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  • 17 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  • 18 Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • 19 Department of Community Medicine, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, India
  • 20 Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  • 21 Centre for Global Child Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  • 22 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  • 23 Environmental Health Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 24 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  • 25 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 26 Neurophysiology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 27 Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • 28 Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 29 Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 30 Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  • 31 Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
  • 32 Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  • 33 School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  • 34 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 35 Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  • 36 Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
  • 37 College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
  • 38 Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 39 Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 40 Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  • 41 University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA
  • 42 Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  • 43 Epidemiology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  • 44 Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 45 Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  • 46 First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 47 Pathology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 48 Clinical Research Development Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 49 School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 50 Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  • 51 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 52 Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 53 Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 54 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  • 55 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  • 56 Department of Health Policy, Management, and Economics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 57 Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 58 Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • 59 Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  • 60 Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • 61 Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
  • 62 Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  • 63 Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 64 Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  • 65 Urology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 66 Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 67 Department of Geriatrics and Long Term Care, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  • 68 Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • 69 Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  • 70 School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  • 71 Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life, and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
  • 72 Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 73 Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
  • 74 Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 75 Department of Health Care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  • 76 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
  • 77 Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  • 78 Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  • 79 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Arch Iran Med, 2021 07 01;24(7):512-525.
PMID: 34488316 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2021.74

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Transport-related injuries (TIs) are a substantial public health concern for all regions of the world. The present study quantified the burden of TIs and deaths in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) in 2017 by sex and age.

METHODS: TIs and deaths were estimated by age, sex, country, and year using Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) and DisMod-MR 2.1. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which quantify the total burden of years lost due to premature death or disability, were also estimated per 100000 population. All estimates were reported along with their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).

RESULTS: In 2017, there were 5.5 million (UI 4.9-6.2) transport-related incident cases in the EMR - a substantial increase from 1990 (2.8 million; UI 2.5-3.1). The age-standardized incidence rate for the EMR in 2017 was 787 (UI 705.5-876.2) per 100000, which has not changed significantly since 1990 (-0.9%; UI -4.7 to 3). These rates differed remarkably between countries, such that Oman (1303.9; UI 1167.3-1441.5) and Palestine (486.5; UI 434.5-545.9) had the highest and lowest age-standardized incidence rates per 100000, respectively. In 2017, there were 185.3 thousand (UI 170.8-200.6) transport-related fatalities in the EMR - a substantial increase since 1990 (140.4 thousand; UI 118.7-156.9). The age-standardized death rate for the EMR in 2017 was 29.5 (UI 27.1-31.9) per 100000, which was 30.5% lower than that found in 1990 (42.5; UI 36.8-47.3). In 2017, Somalia (54; UI 30-77.4) and Lebanon (7.1; UI 4.8-8.6) had the highest and lowest age-standardized death rates per 100,000, respectively. The age-standardised DALY rate for the EMR in 2017 was 1,528.8 (UI 1412.5-1651.3) per 100000, which was 34.4% lower than that found in 1990 (2,331.3; UI 1,993.1-2,589.9). In 2017, the highest DALY rate was found in Pakistan (3454121; UI 2297890- 4342908) and the lowest was found in Bahrain (8616; UI 7670-9751).

CONCLUSION: The present study shows that while road traffic has become relatively safer (measured by deaths and DALYs per 100000 population), the number of transport-related fatalities in the EMR is growing and needs to be addressed urgently.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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