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Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-2018

Haeuser E 1 , Serfes AL 2 , Cork MA 2 , Yang M 2 , Abbastabar H 3 , Abhilash ES 4 Show all authors , Adabi M 5 , Adebayo OM 6 , Adekanmbi V 7 , Adeyinka DA 8 , Afzal S 9 , Ahinkorah BO 10 , Ahmadi K 11 , Ahmed MB 12 , Akalu Y 13 , Akinyemi RO 14 , Akunna CJ 15 , Alahdab F 16 , Alanezi FM 17 , Alanzi TM 18 , Alene KA 19 , Alhassan RK 20 , Alipour V 21 , Almasi-Hashiani A 22 , Alvis-Guzman N 23 , Ameyaw EK 10 , Amini S 24 , Amugsi DA 25 , Ancuceanu R 26 , Anvari D 27 , Appiah SCY 28 , Arabloo J 21 , Aremu O 29 , Asemahagn MA 30 , Jafarabadi MA 31 , Awedew AF 32 , Quintanilla BPA 33 , Ayanore MA 34 , Aynalem YA 35 , Azari S 36 , Azene ZN 37 , Darshan BB 38 , Babalola TK 39 , Baig AA 40 , Banach M 41 , Bärnighausen TW 42 , Bell AW 43 , Bhagavathula AS 44 , Bhardwaj N 45 , Bhardwaj P 46 , Bhattacharyya K 47 , Bijani A 48 , Bitew ZW 49 , Bohlouli S 50 , Bolarinwa OA 39 , Boloor A 51 , Bozicevic I 52 , Butt ZA 53 , Cárdenas R 54 , Carvalho F 55 , Charan J 56 , Chattu VK 57 , Chowdhury MAK 58 , Chu DT 59 , Cowden RG 60 , Dahlawi SMA 61 , Damiani G 62 , Darteh EKM 63 , Darwesh AM 64 , das Neves J 65 , Weaver ND 2 , De Leo D 66 , De Neve JW 42 , Deribe K 67 , Deuba K 68 , Dharmaratne S 2 , Dianatinasab M 69 , Diaz D 70 , Didarloo A 71 , Djalalinia S 72 , Dorostkar F 73 , Dubljanin E 74 , Duko B 75 , El Tantawi M 76 , El-Jaafary SI 77 , Eshrati B 78 , Eskandarieh S 79 , Eyawo O 80 , Ezeonwumelu IJ 81 , Ezzikouri S 82 , Farzadfar F 83 , Fattahi N 84 , Fauk NK 85 , Fernandes E 86 , Filip I 87 , Fischer F 88 , Foigt NA 89 , Foroutan M 90 , Fukumoto T 91 , Gad MM 92 , Gaidhane AM 93 , Gebregiorgis BG 35 , Gebremedhin KB 94 , Getacher L 95 , Ghadiri K 96 , Ghashghaee A 97 , Golechha M 98 , Gubari MIM 99 , Gugnani HC 100 , Guimarães RA 101 , Haider MR 102 , Haj-Mirzaian A 103 , Hamidi S 104 , Hashi A 105 , Hassanipour S 106 , Hassankhani H 107 , Hayat K 108 , Herteliu C 109 , Ho HC 110 , Holla R 38 , Hosseini M 111 , Hosseinzadeh M 112 , Hwang BF 113 , Ibitoye SE 114 , Ilesanmi OS 115 , Ilic IM 116 , Ilic MD 117 , Islam RM 118 , Iwu CCD 119 , Jakovljevic M 120 , Jha RP 121 , Ji JS 122 , Johnson KB 2 , Joseph N 123 , Joshua V 124 , Joukar F 106 , Jozwiak JJ 125 , Kalankesh LR 126 , Kalhor R 127 , Kamyari N 128 , Kanchan T 129 , Matin BK 84 , Karimi SE 130 , Kayode GA 131 , Karyani AK 84 , Keramati M 132 , Khan EA 133 , Khan G 134 , Khan MN 135 , Khatab K 136 , Khubchandani J 137 , Kim YJ 138 , Kisa A 139 , Kisa S 140 , Kopec JA 141 , Kosen S 142 , Laxminarayana SLK 143 , Koyanagi A 144 , Krishan K 145 , Defo BK 146 , Kugbey N 147 , Kulkarni V 123 , Kumar M 148 , Kumar N 123 , Kusuma D 149 , La Vecchia C 150 , Lal DK 151 , Landires I 152 , Larson HJ 2 , Lasrado S 153 , Lee PH 154 , Li S 155 , Liu X 156 , Maleki A 157 , Malik P 158 , Mansournia MA 111 , Martins-Melo FR 159 , Mendoza W 160 , Menezes RG 161 , Mengesha EW 162 , Meretoja TJ 163 , Mestrovic T 164 , Mirica A 109 , Moazen B 42 , Mohamad O 165 , Mohammad Y 166 , Mohammadian-Hafshejani A 167 , Mohammadpourhodki R 168 , Mohammed S 169 , Mohammed S 170 , Mokdad AH 2 , Moradi M 84 , Moraga P 171 , Mubarik S 172 , Mulu GBB 173 , Mwanri L 174 , Nagarajan AJ 175 , Naimzada MD 176 , Naveed M 177 , Nazari J 178 , Ndejjo R 179 , Negoi I 180 , Ngalesoni FN 181 , Nguefack-Tsague G 182 , Ngunjiri JW 183 , Nguyen CT 184 , Nguyen HLT 184 , Nnaji CA 185 , Noubiap JJ 186 , Nuñez-Samudio V 187 , Nwatah VE 188 , Oancea B 189 , Odukoya OO 190 , Olagunju AT 191 , Olakunde BO 192 , Olusanya BO 193 , Olusanya JO 193 , Bali AO 194 , Onwujekwe OE 195 , Orisakwe OE 196 , Otstavnov N 176 , Otstavnov SS 176 , Owolabi MO 197 , Mahesh PA 198 , Padubidri JR 199 , Pana A 109 , Pandey A 200 , Pandi-Perumal SR 201 , Kan FP 202 , Patton GC 203 , Pawar S 204 , Peprah EK 205 , Postma MJ 206 , Preotescu L 207 , Syed ZQ 93 , Rabiee N 208 , Radfar A 209 , Rafiei A 210 , Rahim F 211 , Rahimi-Movaghar V 212 , Rahmani AM 213 , Ramezanzadeh K 103 , Rana J 214 , Ranabhat CL 215 , Rao SJ 216 , Rawaf DL 217 , Rawaf S 218 , Rawassizadeh R 219 , Regassa LD 220 , Rezaei N 221 , Rezapour A 21 , Riaz MA 222 , Ribeiro AI 223 , Ross JM 2 , Rubagotti E 224 , Rumisha SF 225 , Rwegerera GM 226 , Moghaddam SS 83 , Sagar R 227 , Sahiledengle B 228 , Sahu M 2 , Salem MR 229 , Kafil HS 230 , Samy AM 231 , Sartorius B 232 , Sathian B 233 , Seidu AA 63 , Shaheen AA 234 , Shaikh MA 235 , Shamsizadeh M 236 , Shiferaw WS 35 , Shin JI 237 , Shrestha R 238 , Singh JA 239 , Skryabin VY 240 , Skryabina AA 241 , Soltani S 84 , Sufiyan MB 242 , Tabuchi T 243 , Tadesse EG 244 , Taveira N 245 , Tesfay FH 246 , Thapar R 123 , Tovani-Palone MR 247 , Tsegaye GW 248 , Umeokonkwo CD 249 , Unnikrishnan B 250 , Villafañe JH 251 , Violante FS 252 , Vo B 253 , Vu GT 254 , Wado YD 255 , Waheed Y 256 , Wamai RG 257 , Wang Y 258 , Ward P 259 , Wickramasinghe ND 260 , Wilson K 261 , Yaya S 262 , Yip P 263 , Yonemoto N 264 , Yu C 172 , Zastrozhin MS 265 , Zhang Y 266 , Zhang ZJ 267 , Hay SI 2 , Dwyer-Lindgren L 2 , Local Burden of Disease sub-Saharan Africa HIV Prevalence Collaborators

Affiliations 

  • 1 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. ehaeuser@uw.edu
  • 2 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
  • 3 Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 4 Department of Botany, Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur, Kozhikode, India
  • 5 Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  • 6 College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 7 Department of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
  • 8 Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
  • 9 Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 10 The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research (ACPPHR), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 11 School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
  • 12 Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  • 13 Department of Medical Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 14 Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 15 Department of Public Health, The Intercountry Centre for Oral Health (ICOH) for Africa, Jos, Nigeria
  • 16 Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
  • 17 Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 18 Health Information Management and Technology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 19 Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  • 20 Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  • 21 Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 22 Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  • 23 Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia
  • 24 Department of Health Services Management, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
  • 25 Department of Maternal and Child Wellbeing, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
  • 26 Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  • 27 Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • 28 Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
  • 29 Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
  • 30 School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  • 31 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 32 Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • 33 The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • 34 Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  • 35 Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  • 36 Hospital Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 37 Department of Reproductive Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 38 Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • 39 Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  • 40 Unit of Biochemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Sultan Zainal Abidin University), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  • 41 Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  • 42 Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  • 43 Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
  • 44 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic
  • 45 Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  • 46 Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  • 47 Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
  • 48 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  • 49 Nutrition Department, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • 50 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 51 Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  • 52 WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Strategic Information, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
  • 53 School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
  • 54 Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
  • 55 Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 56 Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  • 57 Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India
  • 58 James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 59 Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU-International School, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 60 Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Park West, South Africa
  • 61 Environmental Health Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 62 IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi (Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  • 63 Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
  • 64 Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  • 65 Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 66 Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
  • 67 Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
  • 68 National Centre for AIDS and STD Control, Save the Children, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • 69 Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
  • 70 Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  • 71 Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  • 72 Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  • 73 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 74 Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 75 School of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  • 76 Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  • 77 Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 78 Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 79 Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 80 Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, BC, Canada
  • 81 Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
  • 82 Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
  • 83 Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 84 Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 85 Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  • 86 Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 87 Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, USA
  • 88 Institute of Public Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany
  • 89 Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  • 90 Department of Medical Parasitology, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  • 91 Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
  • 92 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
  • 93 Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
  • 94 Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • 95 Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  • 96 Infectious Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 97 School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  • 98 Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  • 99 Department of Family and Community Medicine, University Of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
  • 100 Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, The Valley, Anguilla
  • 101 Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
  • 102 Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
  • 103 Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 104 School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  • 105 Department of Public Health, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia
  • 106 Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  • 107 School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 108 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 109 Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  • 110 Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  • 111 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 112 Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
  • 113 Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
  • 114 Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 115 Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 116 Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 117 Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  • 118 Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • 119 School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
  • 120 Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
  • 121 Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, Delhi, India
  • 122 Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
  • 123 Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  • 124 National Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
  • 125 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
  • 126 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 127 Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  • 128 Department of Biostatistics, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  • 129 Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  • 130 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 131 International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
  • 132 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  • 133 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 134 Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  • 135 Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
  • 136 Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
  • 137 Department of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
  • 138 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
  • 139 School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
  • 140 Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
  • 141 School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  • 142 Independent Consultant, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • 143 Kasturba Medical College, Udupi, India
  • 144 Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
  • 145 Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  • 146 Department of Demography, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  • 147 University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
  • 148 Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  • 149 Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, UK
  • 150 Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  • 151 Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  • 152 Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  • 153 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
  • 154 Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
  • 155 School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • 156 Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
  • 157 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 158 Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
  • 159 Campus Caucaia, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Caucaia, Brazil
  • 160 Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru
  • 161 Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 162 Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  • 163 Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  • 164 Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr. Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia
  • 165 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
  • 166 Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 167 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  • 168 Department of Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  • 169 Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
  • 170 Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  • 171 Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
  • 172 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  • 173 Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  • 174 College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adeaide, SA, Australia
  • 175 Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India
  • 176 Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
  • 177 Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 178 Department of Pediatrics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  • 179 Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
  • 180 Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  • 181 Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  • 182 Department of Public Health, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
  • 183 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
  • 184 Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 185 South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  • 186 Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  • 187 Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  • 188 Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
  • 189 Administrative and Economic Sciences Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  • 190 Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Nigeria
  • 191 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  • 192 Community Prevention and Care Services, National AIDS Control Committee, Abuja, Nigeria
  • 193 Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
  • 194 Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  • 195 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
  • 196 University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  • 197 Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 198 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India
  • 199 Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • 200 Research Department, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • 201 Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
  • 202 Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 203 Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • 204 Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
  • 205 School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
  • 206 University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  • 207 National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucuresti, Romania
  • 208 School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 209 College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
  • 210 Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • 211 Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 212 Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 213 Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
  • 214 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  • 215 Research Department, Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • 216 Department of Oral Pathology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimogga, India
  • 217 WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, UK
  • 218 Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
  • 219 Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
  • 220 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  • 221 Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 222 Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Sultan Zainal Abidin University), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  • 223 Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 224 African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
  • 225 Malaria Atlas Project, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
  • 226 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
  • 227 Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  • 228 Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
  • 229 Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  • 230 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 231 Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 232 Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
  • 233 Geriatric and Long Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  • 234 Public Health Division, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
  • 235 Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  • 236 Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life, and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
  • 237 College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
  • 238 Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
  • 239 School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
  • 240 Department No.16, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia
  • 241 Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
  • 242 Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  • 243 Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
  • 244 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  • 245 University Institute "Egas Moniz", Monte da Caparica, Portugal
  • 246 School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  • 247 Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
  • 248 College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  • 249 Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  • 250 Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  • 251 Clinical Research Department, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
  • 252 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  • 253 Faculty of Information Technology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  • 254 Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  • 255 Population Dynamics and Sexual and Reproductive Health, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
  • 256 Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 257 Department of Cultures, Societies and Global Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
  • 258 School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
  • 259 Centre for Health Policy Research, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  • 260 Department of community Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
  • 261 Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
  • 262 School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  • 263 Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  • 264 Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
  • 265 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
  • 266 School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  • 267 School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
BMC Med, 2022 Dec 19;20(1):488.
PMID: 36529768 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02639-z

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15-59 years across SSA.

METHODS: We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units.

RESULTS: We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time; between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group.

CONCLUSIONS: As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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