Fulltext

Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration , Kocarnik JM 1 , Compton K 1 , Dean FE 1 , Fu W 1 , Gaw BL 1 Show all authors , Harvey JD 1 , Henrikson HJ 2 , Lu D 1 , Pennini A 1 , Xu R 1 , Ababneh E 3 , Abbasi-Kangevari M 4 , Abbastabar H 5 , Abd-Elsalam SM 6 , Abdoli A 7 , Abedi A 8 , Abidi H 9 , Abolhassani H 10 , Adedeji IA 11 , Adnani QES 12 , Advani SM 13 , Afzal MS 14 , Aghaali M 15 , Ahinkorah BO 16 , Ahmad S 17 , Ahmad T 18 , Ahmadi A 19 , Ahmadi S 20 , Ahmed Rashid T 21 , Ahmed Salih Y 22 , Akalu GT 23 , Aklilu A 24 , Akram T 25 , Akunna CJ 26 , Al Hamad H 27 , Alahdab F 28 , Al-Aly Z 29 , Ali S 30 , Alimohamadi Y 31 , Alipour V 32 , Aljunid SM 33 , Alkhayyat M 34 , Almasi-Hashiani A 35 , Almasri NA 36 , Al-Maweri SAA 37 , Almustanyir S 38 , Alonso N 39 , Alvis-Guzman N 40 , Amu H 41 , Anbesu EW 42 , Ancuceanu R 43 , Ansari F 44 , Ansari-Moghaddam A 45 , Antwi MH 46 , Anvari D 47 , Anyasodor AE 48 , Aqeel M 49 , Arabloo J 32 , Arab-Zozani M 50 , Aremu O 51 , Ariffin H 52 , Aripov T 53 , Arshad M 54 , Artaman A 55 , Arulappan J 56 , Asemi Z 57 , Asghari Jafarabadi M 58 , Ashraf T 59 , Atorkey P 60 , Aujayeb A 61 , Ausloos M 62 , Awedew AF 63 , Ayala Quintanilla BP 64 , Ayenew T 65 , Azab MA 66 , Azadnajafabad S 67 , Azari Jafari A 68 , Azarian G 69 , Azzam AY 70 , Badiye AD 71 , Bahadory S 72 , Baig AA 73 , Baker JL 74 , Balakrishnan S 75 , Banach M 76 , Bärnighausen TW 77 , Barone-Adesi F 78 , Barra F 79 , Barrow A 80 , Behzadifar M 81 , Belgaumi UI 82 , Bezabhe WMM 83 , Bezabih YM 84 , Bhagat DS 85 , Bhagavathula AS 86 , Bhardwaj N 87 , Bhardwaj P 88 , Bhaskar S 89 , Bhattacharyya K 90 , Bhojaraja VS 91 , Bibi S 92 , Bijani A 93 , Biondi A 94 , Bisignano C 1 , Bjørge T 95 , Bleyer A 96 , Blyuss O 97 , Bolarinwa OA 98 , Bolla SR 99 , Braithwaite D 100 , Brar A 101 , Brenner H 102 , Bustamante-Teixeira MT 103 , Butt NS 104 , Butt ZA 105 , Caetano Dos Santos FL 106 , Cao Y 107 , Carreras G 108 , Catalá-López F 109 , Cembranel F 110 , Cerin E 111 , Cernigliaro A 112 , Chakinala RC 113 , Chattu SK 114 , Chattu VK 115 , Chaturvedi P 116 , Chimed-Ochir O 117 , Cho DY 118 , Christopher DJ 119 , Chu DT 120 , Chung MT 121 , Conde J 122 , Cortés S 123 , Cortesi PA 124 , Costa VM 125 , Cunha AR 126 , Dadras O 127 , Dagnew AB 128 , Dahlawi SMA 129 , Dai X 1 , Dandona L 1 , Dandona R 1 , Darwesh AM 130 , das Neves J 131 , De la Hoz FP 132 , Demis AB 133 , Denova-Gutiérrez E 134 , Dhamnetiya D 135 , Dhimal ML 136 , Dhimal M 137 , Dianatinasab M 138 , Diaz D 139 , Djalalinia S 140 , Do HP 141 , Doaei S 142 , Dorostkar F 143 , Dos Santos Figueiredo FW 144 , Driscoll TR 145 , Ebrahimi H 146 , Eftekharzadeh S 147 , El Tantawi M 148 , El-Abid H 149 , Elbarazi I 150 , Elhabashy HR 151 , Elhadi M 152 , El-Jaafary SI 153 , Eshrati B 154 , Eskandarieh S 155 , Esmaeilzadeh F 156 , Etemadi A 157 , Ezzikouri S 158 , Faisaluddin M 159 , Faraon EJA 160 , Fares J 161 , Farzadfar F 146 , Feroze AH 162 , Ferrero S 163 , Ferro Desideri L 164 , Filip I 165 , Fischer F 166 , Fisher JL 167 , Foroutan M 168 , Fukumoto T 169 , Gaal PA 170 , Gad MM 171 , Gadanya MA 172 , Gallus S 173 , Gaspar Fonseca M 174 , Getachew Obsa A 175 , Ghafourifard M 176 , Ghashghaee A 32 , Ghith N 177 , Gholamalizadeh M 178 , Gilani SA 179 , Ginindza TG 180 , Gizaw ATT 181 , Glasbey JC 182 , Golechha M 183 , Goleij P 184 , Gomez RS 185 , Gopalani SV 186 , Gorini G 187 , Goudarzi H 188 , Grosso G 189 , Gubari MIM 190 , Guerra MR 103 , Guha A 191 , Gunasekera DS 192 , Gupta B 193 , Gupta VB 194 , Gupta VK 195 , Gutiérrez RA 196 , Hafezi-Nejad N 197 , Haider MR 198 , Haj-Mirzaian A 199 , Halwani R 200 , Hamadeh RR 201 , Hameed S 202 , Hamidi S 203 , Hanif A 202 , Haque S 204 , Harlianto NI 205 , Haro JM 206 , Hasaballah AI 207 , Hassanipour S 208 , Hay RJ 209 , Hay SI 1 , Hayat K 210 , Heidari G 211 , Heidari M 212 , Herrera-Serna BY 213 , Herteliu C 214 , Hezam K 215 , Holla R 216 , Hossain MM 217 , Hossain MBH 218 , Hosseini MS 219 , Hosseini M 220 , Hosseinzadeh M 221 , Hostiuc M 222 , Hostiuc S 223 , Househ M 224 , Hsairi M 225 , Huang J 226 , Hugo FN 227 , Hussain R 228 , Hussein NR 229 , Hwang BF 230 , Iavicoli I 231 , Ibitoye SE 232 , Ida F 233 , Ikuta KS 1 , Ilesanmi OS 234 , Ilic IM 235 , Ilic MD 236 , Irham LM 237 , Islam JY 238 , Islam RM 239 , Islam SMS 240 , Ismail NE 241 , Isola G 242 , Iwagami M 243 , Jacob L 244 , Jain V 34 , Jakovljevic MB 245 , Javaheri T 246 , Jayaram S 247 , Jazayeri SB 248 , Jha RP 135 , Jonas JB 249 , Joo T 170 , Joseph N 250 , Joukar F 208 , Jürisson M 251 , Kabir A 252 , Kahrizi D 253 , Kalankesh LR 254 , Kalhor R 255 , Kaliyadan F 256 , Kalkonde Y 257 , Kamath A 216 , Kameran Al-Salihi N 258 , Kandel H 259 , Kapoor N 71 , Karch A 260 , Kasa AS 261 , Katikireddi SV 262 , Kauppila JH 263 , Kavetskyy T 264 , Kebede SA 265 , Keshavarz P 266 , Keykhaei M 146 , Khader YS 267 , Khalilov R 268 , Khan G 269 , Khan M 270 , Khan MN 271 , Khan MAB 272 , Khang YH 273 , Khater AM 274 , Khayamzadeh M 275 , Kim GR 276 , Kim YJ 277 , Kisa A 278 , Kisa S 279 , Kissimova-Skarbek K 280 , Kopec JA 281 , Koteeswaran R 282 , Koul PA 283 , Koulmane Laxminarayana SL 284 , Koyanagi A 285 , Kucuk Bicer B 286 , Kugbey N 287 , Kumar GA 288 , Kumar N 289 , Kumar N 250 , Kurmi OP 290 , Kutluk T 291 , La Vecchia C 292 , Lami FH 293 , Landires I 294 , Lauriola P 295 , Lee SW 296 , Lee SWH 297 , Lee WC 298 , Lee YH 299 , Leigh J 300 , Leong E 301 , Li J 302 , Li MC 303 , Liu X 304 , Loureiro JA 305 , Lunevicius R 306 , Magdy Abd El Razek M 307 , Majeed A 308 , Makki A 309 , Male S 310 , Malik AA 202 , Mansournia MA 220 , Martini S 311 , Masoumi SZ 312 , Mathur P 313 , McKee M 314 , Mehrotra R 315 , Mendoza W 316 , Menezes RG 317 , Mengesha EW 318 , Mesregah MK 319 , Mestrovic T 320 , Miao Jonasson J 321 , Miazgowski B 322 , Miazgowski T 323 , Michalek IM 324 , Miller TR 325 , Mirzaei H 57 , Mirzaei HR 326 , Misra S 327 , Mithra P 250 , Moghadaszadeh M 328 , Mohammad KA 329 , Mohammad Y 330 , Mohammadi M 331 , Mohammadi SM 332 , Mohammadian-Hafshejani A 19 , Mohammed S 333 , Moka N 334 , Mokdad AH 1 , Molokhia M 335 , Monasta L 336 , Moni MA 337 , Moosavi MA 338 , Moradi Y 339 , Moraga P 340 , Morgado-da-Costa J 341 , Morrison SD 342 , Mosapour A 343 , Mubarik S 344 , Mwanri L 345 , Nagarajan AJ 346 , Nagaraju SP 347 , Nagata C 348 , Naimzada MD 349 , Nangia V 350 , Naqvi AA 351 , Narasimha Swamy S 352 , Ndejjo R 353 , Nduaguba SO 354 , Negoi I 355 , Negru SM 356 , Neupane Kandel S 357 , Nguyen CT 358 , Nguyen HLT 358 , Niazi RK 359 , Nnaji CA 360 , Noor NM 361 , Nuñez-Samudio V 362 , Nzoputam CI 363 , Oancea B 364 , Ochir C 365 , Odukoya OO 366 , Ogbo FA 367 , Olagunju AT 368 , Olakunde BO 369 , Omar E 370 , Omar Bali A 371 , Omonisi AEE 372 , Ong S 373 , Onwujekwe OE 374 , Orru H 251 , Ortega-Altamirano DV 375 , Otstavnov N 349 , Otstavnov SS 349 , Owolabi MO 376 , P A M 377 , Padubidri JR 216 , Pakshir K 378 , Pana A 214 , Panagiotakos D 379 , Panda-Jonas S 249 , Pardhan S 380 , Park EC 276 , Park EK 381 , Pashazadeh Kan F 382 , Patel HK 383 , Patel JR 384 , Pati S 385 , Pattanshetty SM 386 , Paudel U 387 , Pereira DM 388 , Pereira RB 389 , Perianayagam A 390 , Pillay JD 391 , Pirouzpanah S 392 , Pishgar F 146 , Podder I 393 , Postma MJ 394 , Pourjafar H 395 , Prashant A 396 , Preotescu L 397 , Rabiee M 398 , Rabiee N 399 , Radfar A 400 , Radhakrishnan RA 401 , Radhakrishnan V 402 , Rafiee A 403 , Rahim F 404 , Rahimzadeh S 405 , Rahman M 406 , Rahman MA 407 , Rahmani AM 408 , Rajai N 409 , Rajesh A 410 , Rakovac I 411 , Ram P 412 , Ramezanzadeh K 199 , Ranabhat K 413 , Ranasinghe P 414 , Rao CR 415 , Rao SJ 416 , Rawassizadeh R 417 , Razeghinia MS 418 , Renzaho AMN 419 , Rezaei N 146 , Rezaei N 420 , Rezapour A 32 , Roberts TJ 421 , Rodriguez JAB 422 , Rohloff P 423 , Romoli M 424 , Ronfani L 336 , Roshandel G 425 , Rwegerera GM 426 , S M 427 , Sabour S 428 , Saddik B 429 , Saeed U 430 , Sahebkar A 431 , Sahoo H 390 , Salehi S 432 , Salem MR 433 , Salimzadeh H 434 , Samaei M 435 , Samy AM 436 , Sanabria J 437 , Sankararaman S 438 , Santric-Milicevic MM 235 , Sardiwalla Y 439 , Sarveazad A 440 , Sathian B 27 , Sawhney M 441 , Saylan M 442 , Schneider IJC 443 , Sekerija M 444 , Seylani A 445 , Shafaat O 197 , Shaghaghi Z 446 , Shaikh MA 447 , Shamsoddin E 448 , Shannawaz M 449 , Sharma R 450 , Sheikh A 451 , Sheikhbahaei S 197 , Shetty A 452 , Shetty JK 453 , Shetty PH 454 , Shibuya K 455 , Shirkoohi R 456 , Shivakumar KM 457 , Shivarov V 458 , Siabani S 459 , Siddappa Malleshappa SK 460 , Silva DAS 461 , Singh JA 462 , Sintayehu Y 463 , Skryabin VY 464 , Skryabina AA 465 , Soeberg MJ 466 , Sofi-Mahmudi A 448 , Sotoudeh H 467 , Steiropoulos P 468 , Straif K 469 , Subedi R 470 , Sufiyan MB 471 , Sultan I 472 , Sultana S 473 , Sur D 474 , Szerencsés V 170 , Szócska M 475 , Tabarés-Seisdedos R 476 , Tabuchi T 477 , Tadbiri H 478 , Taherkhani A 479 , Takahashi K 466 , Talaat IM 200 , Tan KK 480 , Tat VY 481 , Tedla BAA 482 , Tefera YG 483 , Tehrani-Banihashemi A 154 , Temsah MH 484 , Tesfay FH 485 , Tessema GA 486 , Thapar R 250 , Thavamani A 438 , Thoguluva Chandrasekar V 487 , Thomas N 488 , Tohidinik HR 489 , Touvier M 490 , Tovani-Palone MR 491 , Traini E 336 , Tran BX 492 , Tran KB 493 , Tran MTN 494 , Tripathy JP 495 , Tusa BS 496 , Ullah I 497 , Ullah S 92 , Umapathi KK 498 , Unnikrishnan B 499 , Upadhyay E 500 , Vacante M 94 , Vaezi M 501 , Valadan Tahbaz S 502 , Velazquez DZ 503 , Veroux M 504 , Violante FS 505 , Vlassov V 506 , Vo B 507 , Volovici V 508 , Vu GT 141 , Waheed Y 17 , Wamai RG 509 , Ward P 510 , Wen YF 511 , Westerman R 512 , Winkler AS 513 , Yadav L 514 , Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH 502 , Yang L 515 , Yaya S 516 , Yazie TSY 517 , Yeshaw Y 518 , Yonemoto N 519 , Younis MZ 520 , Yousefi Z 521 , Yu C 344 , Yuce D 522 , Yunusa I 523 , Zadnik V 524 , Zare F 525 , Zastrozhin MS 526 , Zastrozhina A 527 , Zhang J 528 , Zhong C 226 , Zhou L 529 , Zhu C 530 , Ziapour A 459 , Zimmermann IR 531 , Fitzmaurice C 1 , Murray CJL 1 , Force LM 1

Affiliations 

  • 1 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
  • 2 Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
  • 3 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
  • 4 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 5 Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 6 Tropical Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
  • 7 Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
  • 8 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
  • 9 Laboratory Technology Sciences Department, Yasouj University, Yasuj, Iran
  • 10 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
  • 11 Department of Sociology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
  • 12 Department of Midwifery, Karya Husada Institute of Health Sciences, Kediri, Indonesia
  • 13 Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California
  • 14 Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 15 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  • 16 The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 17 Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 18 Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
  • 19 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  • 20 School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 21 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Erbil, Iraq
  • 22 Database Technology Department, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  • 23 Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • 24 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  • 25 School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
  • 26 Department of Public Health, Intercountry Centre for Oral Health for Africa, Jos, Nigeria
  • 27 Geriatric and Long-Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  • 28 Mayo Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota
  • 29 John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
  • 30 Department of Information Systems, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
  • 31 Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 32 Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 33 Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
  • 34 Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
  • 35 Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  • 36 Physiotherapy Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
  • 37 College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
  • 38 College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 39 Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 40 Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
  • 41 Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  • 42 Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
  • 43 Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  • 44 Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 45 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  • 46 Clinical Laboratory Department, Ghana Health Service, Kumasi, Ghana
  • 47 Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • 48 School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
  • 49 Department of Psychology, Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpandi, Pakistan
  • 50 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  • 51 Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, England
  • 52 Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 53 Public Health and Healthcare Management, Tashkent Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
  • 54 Allied Health Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Timergara, Lower Dir, Pakistan
  • 55 Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  • 56 Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
  • 57 Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  • 58 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 59 Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 60 School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
  • 61 Northumbria HealthCare National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, NHS England, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
  • 62 School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
  • 63 Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • 64 The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • 65 Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  • 66 Department of Neurosurgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 67 Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  • 68 School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  • 69 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  • 70 Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
  • 71 Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
  • 72 Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  • 73 Unit of Biochemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  • 74 Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
  • 75 Department of Medical Microbiology, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  • 76 Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  • 77 Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  • 78 Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
  • 79 Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
  • 80 Department of Public and Environmental Health, University of the Gambia, Brikama, The Gambia
  • 81 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
  • 82 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, India
  • 83 University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Victoria, Australia
  • 84 Department of Internal Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  • 85 Department of Forensic Chemistry, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Aurangabad, India
  • 86 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic
  • 87 Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College Pali, Pali, India
  • 88 Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  • 89 Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, New South Wales Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 90 Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
  • 91 Department of Anatomy, Manipal University College Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
  • 92 Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  • 93 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  • 94 Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  • 95 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  • 96 Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
  • 97 School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, England
  • 98 Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  • 99 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan
  • 100 Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville
  • 101 Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • 102 Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
  • 103 Department of Public Health, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
  • 104 Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • 105 School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
  • 106 Institute of Microengineering, Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • 107 Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
  • 108 Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
  • 109 National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
  • 110 Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
  • 111 Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • 112 Regional Epidemiological Observatory Department, Sicilian Regional Health Authority, Palermo, Italy
  • 113 Hospitalist Department, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
  • 114 Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana
  • 115 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • 116 Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India
  • 117 Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
  • 118 Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
  • 119 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
  • 120 Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU International School, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 121 Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
  • 122 Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
  • 123 Department of Public Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
  • 124 School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
  • 125 Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 126 Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  • 127 School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
  • 128 Department of Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  • 129 Environmental Health Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 130 Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  • 131 Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 132 Department of Public Health, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
  • 133 Department of Nursing, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
  • 134 Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  • 135 Department of Community Medicine, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, India
  • 136 Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • 137 Health Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • 138 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  • 139 Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  • 140 Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  • 141 Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  • 142 School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  • 143 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 144 Epidemiology and Data Analysis Laboratory, University Center Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
  • 145 Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 146 Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 147 Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  • 148 Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  • 149 Direction de L'épidémiologie et la Lutte Contre les Maladies, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
  • 150 Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  • 151 Neurophysiology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 152 Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
  • 153 Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 154 Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 155 Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 156 Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  • 157 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
  • 158 Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
  • 159 Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York
  • 160 Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  • 161 Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
  • 162 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
  • 163 Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
  • 164 University Eye Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
  • 165 Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California
  • 166 Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany
  • 167 James Cancer Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus
  • 168 Department of Medical Parasitology, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  • 169 Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
  • 170 Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
  • 171 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
  • 172 Community Medicine Department, Bayero University, Kano, Kano, Nigeria
  • 173 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
  • 174 National Health Service, London, England
  • 175 School of Psychology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • 176 Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 177 Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • 178 Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 179 Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 180 Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  • 181 Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  • 182 National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
  • 183 Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  • 184 Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
  • 185 Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  • 186 Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
  • 187 Oncological Network, Prevention and Research Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
  • 188 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
  • 189 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  • 190 Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
  • 191 Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
  • 192 Department of Paediatrics, National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
  • 193 Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • 194 School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
  • 195 Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 196 Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
  • 197 Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
  • 198 Department of Social and Public Health, Ohio University, Athens
  • 199 Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 200 Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  • 201 Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  • 202 University Institute of Public Health, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 203 School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  • 204 Research & Scientific Studies Unit, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  • 205 Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  • 206 Research Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  • 207 Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 208 Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  • 209 International Foundation for Dermatology, London, England
  • 210 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 211 Independent Consultant, Santa Clara, California
  • 212 Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  • 213 Departamento de Salud Oral, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
  • 214 Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  • 215 Department of Applied Microbiology, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
  • 216 Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • 217 Social and Environmental Health Research, Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Khulna, Bangladesh
  • 218 Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 219 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 220 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 221 Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
  • 222 Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  • 223 Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  • 224 College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
  • 225 Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
  • 226 Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  • 227 Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  • 228 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
  • 229 Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq
  • 230 Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
  • 231 Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
  • 232 Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 233 Pharmacoepidemiology Department, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts
  • 234 Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 235 Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 236 Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  • 237 School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 238 H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
  • 239 Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • 240 Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
  • 241 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia
  • 242 Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  • 243 Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
  • 244 Research and Development Unit, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
  • 245 Institute of Comparative Economic Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
  • 246 Health Informatic Lab, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
  • 247 Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Mysuru, India
  • 248 Urology Department, University of Florida, Jacksonville
  • 249 Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  • 250 Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  • 251 Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  • 252 Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 253 Department of Genetics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 254 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 255 Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  • 256 Dermatology Department, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
  • 257 Public Health Division, Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, India
  • 258 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Hewler, Iraq
  • 259 Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 260 Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
  • 261 Department of Adult Health Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  • 262 Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
  • 263 Surgery Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
  • 264 Department of Surface Engineering, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
  • 265 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Faroe Islands
  • 266 School of Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • 267 Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  • 268 Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
  • 269 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  • 270 Epidemiology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  • 271 Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
  • 272 Family Medicine Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  • 273 Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
  • 274 National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 275 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 276 Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
  • 277 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
  • 278 School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
  • 279 Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
  • 280 Department of Health Economics and Social Security, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
  • 281 School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
  • 282 Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology Department, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk
  • 283 Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
  • 284 Kasturba Medical College, Udupi, India
  • 285 Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
  • 286 Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
  • 287 University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
  • 288 Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  • 289 Department of Orthopaedics, Medanta Hospital, Lucknow, India
  • 290 Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, England
  • 291 Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
  • 292 Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  • 293 Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
  • 294 Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  • 295 Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
  • 296 Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
  • 297 School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
  • 298 Office of Health Policy & Legislative Affairs, University of Texas, Galveston
  • 299 Graduate School of Public Health, Ajou University, Suwon-si, South Korea
  • 300 Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 301 Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
  • 302 Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
  • 303 Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 304 Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
  • 305 Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 306 Department of General Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, England
  • 307 Ophthalmology Department, Ministry of Health and Population, Aswan, Egypt
  • 308 Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England
  • 309 Mass Communication Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  • 310 Department of Ophthalmology, M M Joshi Eye Institute, Hubli, India
  • 311 Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • 312 Department of Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  • 313 National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, India
  • 314 Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
  • 315 India Cancer Research Consortium, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
  • 316 Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru
  • 317 Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 318 Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  • 319 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
  • 320 Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Polyclinic "Dr. Zora Profozic", Zagreb, Croatia
  • 321 School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  • 322 Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  • 323 Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases and Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  • 324 Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • 325 Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland
  • 326 Department of Medical Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 327 Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  • 328 Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 329 Department of Biology, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  • 330 Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 331 Department of Information Technology, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
  • 332 Department of Anatomical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  • 333 Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  • 334 Oncology Department, Appalachian Regional Healthcare, Hazard, Kentucky
  • 335 Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, England
  • 336 Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
  • 337 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, Bangladesh
  • 338 Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
  • 339 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  • 340 Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
  • 341 University Hospital Center of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 342 Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor
  • 343 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  • 344 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  • 345 College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adeaide, South Australia, Australia
  • 346 Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India
  • 347 Department of Nephrology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • 348 Department of Education for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
  • 349 Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
  • 350 Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India
  • 351 Department of Pharmacy Practice, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 352 Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Government Medical College, Mysore, India
  • 353 Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
  • 354 Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville
  • 355 Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  • 356 Department of Oncology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
  • 357 Estia Health Blakehurst, Estia Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 358 Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 359 International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 360 South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  • 361 Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, England
  • 362 Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  • 363 Center of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
  • 364 Administrative and Economic Sciences Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  • 365 Department of International Cyber Education, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  • 366 Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Nigeria
  • 367 Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 368 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
  • 369 Community Prevention and Care Services, National AIDS Control Committee, Abuja, Nigeria
  • 370 Mass Communication Department, Ajman University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  • 371 Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  • 372 Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
  • 373 Noncommunicable Disease Prevention Unit, Ministry of Health, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
  • 374 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
  • 375 Health Systems Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  • 376 Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 377 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India
  • 378 Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • 379 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
  • 380 Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, England
  • 381 Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
  • 382 Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 383 Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
  • 384 Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Dallas
  • 385 Centre of Excellence, Khallikote University, Berhampur, India
  • 386 Department of Health Policy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • 387 Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • 388 Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 389 Department of Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 390 Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  • 391 Basic Medical Sciences Department, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
  • 392 Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 393 Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, India
  • 394 University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  • 395 Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  • 396 Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru, India
  • 397 National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucuresti, Romania
  • 398 Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  • 399 Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  • 400 College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando
  • 401 Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • 402 Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chennai, India
  • 403 Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
  • 404 Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 405 Department of Natural Science, Middlesex University, London, England
  • 406 Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
  • 407 School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
  • 408 Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
  • 409 Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
  • 410 Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio
  • 411 European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia
  • 412 Department of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
  • 413 Health Emergency Operation Center, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • 414 Department of Pharmacology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  • 415 Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • 416 Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
  • 417 Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
  • 418 Department of Immunology and Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
  • 419 School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
  • 420 Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 421 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
  • 422 Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
  • 423 Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
  • 424 Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
  • 425 Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  • 426 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
  • 427 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India
  • 428 Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 429 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  • 430 Research and Development, Islamabad Diagnostic Center Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 431 Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  • 432 Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
  • 433 Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  • 434 Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 435 Emergency Department, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
  • 436 Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 437 Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
  • 438 Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
  • 439 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
  • 440 Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 441 Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte
  • 442 Market Access, Bayer, Istanbul, Turkey
  • 443 Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
  • 444 Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
  • 445 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
  • 446 Clinical Research Development Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  • 447 Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  • 448 Department of Oral Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  • 449 Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
  • 450 University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
  • 451 Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
  • 452 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  • 453 Department of Biochemistry, Manipal University College Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
  • 454 Department of Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  • 455 University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • 456 Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 457 Public Health Dentistry Department, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, India
  • 458 Clinical Immunology and Hematology, Sofiamed University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
  • 459 Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 460 Department of Hematology-Oncology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts
  • 461 Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
  • 462 School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
  • 463 Department of Midwifery, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  • 464 Department No. 16, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia
  • 465 Therapeutic Department, Balashiha Central Hospital, Balashikha, Russia
  • 466 Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 467 Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
  • 468 Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
  • 469 Schiller Institute, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts
  • 470 Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • 471 Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  • 472 Pediatric Services, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
  • 473 Maternal and Child Health, Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 474 Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute "Prof Dr Ion Chiricuţă" Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  • 475 Faculty of Health and Public Administration, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
  • 476 Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
  • 477 Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
  • 478 Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
  • 479 Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  • 480 Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
  • 481 Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Galveston
  • 482 College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
  • 483 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 484 Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 485 School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  • 486 School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
  • 487 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
  • 488 Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
  • 489 HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  • 490 Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, National Institute for Health and Medical Research Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Paris, France
  • 491 Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
  • 492 Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 493 Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • 494 School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
  • 495 Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
  • 496 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
  • 497 Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan
  • 498 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
  • 499 Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  • 500 Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
  • 501 Alzahra Teaching Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 502 Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
  • 503 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, Mexico
  • 504 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  • 505 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  • 506 Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
  • 507 Faculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  • 508 Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  • 509 Cultures, Societies and Global Studies, Integrated Initiative for Global Health, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
  • 510 College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
  • 511 Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Stomatological Hospital (College) of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  • 512 Competence Center of Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
  • 513 Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • 514 Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
  • 515 Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, British Columbia, Canada
  • 516 School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
  • 517 Department of Pharmacy, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
  • 518 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 519 Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
  • 520 Department of Health Policy and Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi
  • 521 Department of Environmental Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • 522 Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
  • 523 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia
  • 524 Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Sector, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • 525 Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  • 526 Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia
  • 527 Pediatrics Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
  • 528 Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • 529 Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
  • 530 Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
  • 531 Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Brasília University, Brasilia, Brazil
JAMA Oncol, 2022 Mar 01;8(3):420-444.
PMID: 34967848 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6987

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019.

EVIDENCE REVIEW: The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).

FINDINGS: In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

MeSH terms
Similar publications