Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 142 in total

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  1. 18F-labeled Bisphosphonate as an Alternative Candidate to the Gold Standard[18F]sodium fluoride ([18F]NaF) for PET Bone Imaging
    Hassan H, Othman MF, Razak HRA
    Curr Med Imaging, 2021;17(11):1271-1275.
    PMID: 33593263 DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666210216091202
    Bone metastases are a common source of malignancy in the skeleton and occur much more often than primary bone cancer. Several works were being performed to identify early markers for bone metastasis and novel drug targets to improve patients' quality of life. As some concerns exist with the [18F]sodiumfluoridein positron emission tomography (PET) bone imaging, there has been an increase in the number of targeted radiopharmaceutical markers for bone metastases imaging in its competitor, 68Ga. Since 18F properties are superior to those of 68Ga, there is a distinct motivation for developing 18F radiopharmaceuticals for bone metastases imaging.
  2. Fulltext 18F[AlF]-radiolabelled Peptides on the Automated Synthesis Platform: Translating the Laboratory Bench Work to Bedside
    Hassan H, Razak HRA, Saad FFA, Kumar V
    Malays J Med Sci, 2019 Jul;26(4):122-126.
    PMID: 31496901 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.4.14
    Using radiolabelled peptides that bind, with high affinity and specificity, to receptors on tumour cells is one of the most promising fields in modern molecular imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy (1). In the emergence of molecular imaging and nuclear medicine diagnosis and therapy, albeit theranostic, radiolabelled peptides have become vital tools for in vivo visualisation and monitoring physiological and biochemical processes on molecular and cellular levels (2). This approach may benefit patients in the era of personalised medicine.
  3. Fulltext A Link between Mitochondrial Dysregulation and Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Alterations in Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity and Membrane Potential
    Hassan H, Zakaria F, Makpol S, Karim NA
    Curr Issues Mol Biol, 2021 Dec 16;43(3):2238-2252.
    PMID: 34940131 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030157
    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder triggered by various factors through complex mechanisms. Research has been done to elucidate the potential etiologic mechanisms in ASD, but no single cause has been confirmed. The involvement of oxidative stress is correlated with ASD and possibly affects mitochondrial function. This study aimed to elucidate the link between mitochondrial dysregulation and idiopathic ASD by focusing on mitochondrial respiratory capacity and membrane potential. Our findings showed that mitochondrial function in the energy metabolism pathway was significantly dysregulated in a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) derived from an autistic child (ALCL). Respiratory capacities of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), electron transfer of the Complex I and Complex II linked pathways, membrane potential, and Complex IV activity of the ALCL were analyzed and compared with control cell lines derived from a developmentally normal non-autistic sibling (NALCL). All experiments were performed using high-resolution respirometry. Respiratory capacities of OXPHOS, electron transfer of the Complex I- and Complex II-linked pathways, and Complex IV activity of the ALCL were significantly higher compared to healthy controls. Mitochondrial membrane potential was also significantly higher, measured in the Complex II-linked pathway during LEAK respiration and OXPHOS. These results indicate the abnormalities in mitochondrial respiratory control linking mitochondrial function with autism. Correlating mitochondrial dysfunction and autism is important for a better understanding of ASD pathogenesis in order to produce effective interventions.
  4. A comprehensive phytochemical, biological, toxicological and molecular docking evaluation of Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk.: An edible halophyte medicinal plant
    Saleem H, Khurshid U, Sarfraz M, Tousif MI, Alamri A, Anwar S, et al.
    Food Chem Toxicol, 2021 Aug;154:112348.
    PMID: 34144099 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112348
    Suaeda fruticosa is an edible medicinal halophyte known for its traditional uses. In this study, methanol and dichloromethane extracts of S. fruticosa were explored for phytochemical, biological and toxicological parameters. Total phenolic and flavonoid constituents were determined by using standard aluminum chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, and UHPLC-MS analysis of methanol extract was performed for tentative identification of secondary metabolites. Different standard methods like DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and metal chelation assays were utilized to find out the antioxidant potential of extracts. Enzyme inhibition studies of extracts against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and, α-glucosidase enzymes were also studied. Likewise, the cytotoxicity was also assessed against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and DU-145 cell lines. The higher phenolic and flavonoids contents were observed in methanol extracts which can be correlated to its higher radical scavenging potential. Similarly, 11 different secondary metabolites were tentatively identified by UHPLC profiling. Both the extract showed significant inhibition against all the enzymes except for α-glucosidase. Moreover, docking studies were also performed against the tested enzymes. In the case of cytotoxicity, both the samples were found moderately toxic against the tested cell lines. This plant can be explored further for its potential therapeutic and edible uses.
  5. Fulltext A one month review of the types of medical emergencies and their treatment outcomes at two urban public health clinics
    Chew BH, Than TL, Chew KS, Jamaludin NK, Hassan H
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Dec;67(6):571-6.
    PMID: 23770947 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Our study was to examine prevalence and treatment outcomes of medical emergencies at two urban public health clinics in the Petaling district, Selangor, Malaysia.
    METHODS: A prospective universal sampling was employed to recruit all emergencies over one month period (12 April to 11 May 2011). A structured case record form was used to capture demographic data, whether the index case was selfpresenting or decided by health care workers as a medical emergency, presenting complaints, diagnoses, concurrent chronic diseases and their treatment outcomes at the clinic level. Emergency presentations and diagnoses were classified according to the International Classification of Primary Care, revised second edition (ICPC-2-R).
    RESULTS: A total of 125 medical emergencies with 276 presenting complaints were recorded. The mean age was 30.7 years old (SD 19.9). The prevalence of medical emergency was 0.56% (125/22,320). Chief complaints were mainly from ICPC-2-R chapter R (respiratory system) and chapter A (general and unspecified), 40.0% and 28.0% respectively. The most common diagnosis was acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma (34.6%). Forty percent were referred to hospitals. After adjusting for age and gender, patients who presented with painful emergency (OR 4.9 95% CI 2.0 to 11.7), cardiovascular emergency (OR 63.4 95% CI 12.9 to 310.4) and non-respiratory emergency were predictors of hospital referral (OR 4.6 95% CI 1.1 to 19.1).
    CONCLUSION: There was about one medical emergency for every 200 patients presenting to these urban public polyclinics which were mainly acute asthma. More than half were discharged well and given a follow-up.
    Study site: Klinik Kesihatan Seri Kembangan and Klinik Kesihatan Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia
  6. Fulltext A pentaplex PCR assay for the rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Panton-Valentine Leucocidin
    Al-Talib H, Yean CY, Al-Khateeb A, Hassan H, Singh KK, Al-Jashamy K, et al.
    BMC Microbiol, 2009;9:113.
    PMID: 19476638 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-113
    Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which causes a wide range of hospital and community-acquired infections worldwide. Conventional testing for detection of MRSA takes 2-5 days to yield complete information of the organism and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern.
  7. A study on medicinal plants from Malaysia focused on Acalypha siamensis Oliv. ex Gage. isolation and structure of a new tetraterpene, acalyphaser A
    Kambara H, Yamada T, Tsujioka M, Matsunaga S, Tanaka R, Ali HI, et al.
    Chem Biodivers, 2006 Dec;3(12):1301-6.
    PMID: 17193244
    As a part of our chemical studies on Malaysian medicinal plants, five Malaysian plant species were evaluated by cytotoxicity assays using P388 murine leukemia cells. Since Acalypha siamensis exhibited the strongest growth inhibition, its constituents were studied as the object of search for bioactive materials. A novel tetraterpene, acalyphaser A (1), was isolated in the course of the purification. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques, and mass spectrometry.
  8. A study on nurses' perception on the medication error at one of the hospitals in East Malaysia
    Hassan H, Das S, Se H, Damika K, Letchimi S, Mat S, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2009;160(6):477-9.
    PMID: 20198291
    Medication error is defined as any preventable event that might cause or lead to an inappropriate use or harming of the patient. Such events could be due to compounding, dispensing, distribution, administration and monitoring. The aim of the present study was to determine the nurses' perception on medication error that were related directly or indirectly to the process of administration of drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted on 92 staff nurses working in the selected wards in one of the hospitals in East Malaysia. Data was obtained through structured questionnaires. RESULTS. Analysis of data was done through SPSS program for descriptive inferential statistics. Out of a total of 92 subjects, sixty-eight (73.9%) indicated medication error occurred because the nurses were tired and exhausted. Seventy nine subjects (85.9%) believed that any medication error should be reported to the doctors; another 74 (80.2%) knew that their colleagues committed medication error and 52 (56.5%) did not report the case. Forty eight (52.17%) subjects committed medication error at least once throughout their life. Of the 48 committed medication, 45 (93.75%) nurses believed that the error committed was not serious; while 39 (81.25%) believed the error occurred during the 1st 5 years of their working experience.
  9. Fulltext A study on the effects of interfering with the conventional sequential protocol for chemical isolation and characterization of chitosan from biowaste of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii
    Iber BT, Torsabo D, Chik C, Wahab F, Abdullah S, Abu Hassan H, et al.
    Heliyon, 2023 Mar;9(3):e13970.
    PMID: 36915541 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13970
    Unless better measures are put in place to address the environmental and social impacts emanating from the huge waste generated from sea food processing industries; 'tragedy of the commons' is inevitable. Needless to re-emphasise the enormous contributions of aquaculture as the perfect substitute to capture fisheries which has been proven unsustainable. Be that as it may, the huge amount of bio-waste produced could be transformed into useful products such as chitin and chitosan with far reaching applications. Chitin and chitosan have been consistently processed from many sources following the traditional chemical sequence of Demineralization (DM), Deproteinization (DP), Decolouration (DC) and Deacetylation (DA). In this study, this method was re-ordered, resulting to 4 sequences of chemical processes. HCl, NaOH, ethanol (97%) and NaOH (50%) were used for DM, DP, DC and DA respectively. The results of this study showed that better chitin (23.99 ± 0.61%) and chitosan (15.17 ± 1.69%) yields were obtained from sequence four (SQ4) following the order of DC-DM-DP-DA. In addition, physicochemical properties such as DDA (80.67 ± 2.52%) and solubility (66.43 ± 2.61%) were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in SQ4 thereby making the obtained product suitable for use as coagulant and flocculant in wastewater treatment. Results of FTIR, XRD and SEM of the study proved that the resultant product exhibited the characteristic nature of chitosan with porous and fibril nature. In the analysis of the physical properties of chitosan obtained from bio-waste of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the high Carr's index (CI) and low bulk as well as tapped densities were an indication that the chitosan produced in this study had poor flowability and compressibility, thereby making it unfit for application in pharmaceutical industries.
  10. Actions of three clostridial IgA proteases on distinct forms of immunoglobulin A molecules
    Hashim OH, Hassan H
    Immunology, 1991 Jun;73(2):235-8.
    PMID: 2071167
    Three bacterial species of Clostridium (septicum, tertium and sporogenes) were identified to produce extracellular proteases cleaving IgA to Fab and Fc fragments, as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and immunoelectrophoretic procedures. These enzymes acted on monometric IgA1 paraproteins and normal serum IgA1 but had no activity on IgA2 paraproteins and intact secretory IgA1 from human colostrum. Their action on polyclonal serum IgA1 suggested the absence of neutralizing anti-clostridial IgA protease activity. Although the enzymes were shown not to act on secretory IgA1, they were, however, able to digest free alpha-heavy chains of the dimeric IgA molecules. Susceptibility of the alpha-heavy chain to the proteases was more likely due to the change to a more accessible conformation than because of the absence of neutralizing anti-enzymic activity.
  11. Fulltext Activity of Novel Synthetic Peptides against Candida albicans
    Lum KY, Tay ST, Le CF, Lee VS, Sabri NH, Velayuthan RD, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2015;5:9657.
    PMID: 25965506 DOI: 10.1038/srep09657
    Candida spp. are the most common causes of fungal infections worldwide. Among the Candida species, Candida albicans remains the predominant species that causes invasive candidiasis in most countries. In this study, we used two peptides, KABT-AMP and uperin 3.6 as templates to develop novel antifungal peptides. Their anticandidal activity was assessed using a combination of MIC, time-killing assay and biofilm reduction assay. Hybrid peptides, KU2 and KU3 containing a mixed backbone of KABT-AMP and Uperin 3.6 demonstrated the most potent anticandidal activity with MIC values ranging from 8-16 mg/L. The number of Trp residues and the amphipathic structure of peptides probably enhanced the anticandidal activity of peptides. Increasing the cationicity of the uperin 3.6 analogues resulted in reduced MIC from the range of 64-128 mg/L to 16-64 mg/L and this was also correlated with the antibiofilm activity and killing kinetics of the peptides. Peptides showed synergistic effects when used in combination with conventional antifungals. Peptides demonstrated low haemolytic activity but significant toxicity on two normal human epithelial cell lines. This study provides us with a better understanding on the structure-activity relationship and the balance between cationicity and hydrophobicity of the peptides although the therapeutic application of the peptides is limited.
  12. Fulltext Acyclovir-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Optimization, Characterization and Evaluation of Its Pharmacokinetic Profile
    Hassan H, Bello RO, Adam SK, Alias E, Meor Mohd Affandi MMR, Shamsuddin AF, et al.
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2020 Sep 09;10(9).
    PMID: 32916823 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091785
    Acyclovir is an antiviral drug used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infection. Its oral bioavailability is low; therefore, frequent and high doses are prescribed for optimum therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the current therapeutic regimen of acyclovir is associated with unwarranted adverse effects, hence prompting the need for a suitable drug carrier to overcome these limitations. This study aimed to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as acyclovir carriers and evaluate their in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters to prove the study hypothesis. During the SLN development process, response surface methodology was exploited to optimize the composition of solid lipid and surfactant. Optimum combination of Biogapress Vegetal 297 ATO and Tween 80 was found essential to produce SLNs of 134 nm. The oral bioavailability study showed that acyclovir-loaded SLNs possessed superior oral bioavailability when compared with the commercial acyclovir suspension. The plasma concentration of acyclovir-loaded SLNs was four-fold higher than the commercial suspension. Thus, this investigation presented promising results that the method developed for encapsulation of acyclovir offers potential as an alternative pathway to enhance the drug's bioavailability. In conclusion, this study exhibited the feasibility of SLNs as an oral delivery vehicle for acyclovir and therefore represents a new promising therapeutic concept of acyclovir treatment via a nanoparticulate drug delivery system.
  13. Advanced MRI applications and findings of malignant phyllodes tumour: review of two cases
    Alhabshi SM, Rahmat K, Abu Hassan H, Westerhout CJ, Chandran PA
    Jpn J Radiol, 2013 May;31(5):342-8.
    PMID: 23385379 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-013-0183-y
    Phyllodes tumour or cystosarcoma phyllodes is a rare stromal breast tumour that is usually benign but on rare occasions can turn malignant. Non-specificity of the imaging features on sonography and mammography makes it difficult to distinguish malignant from benign counterparts solely based on imaging. The final diagnosis is still highly dependent on histopathological assessment. Herein, we describe two cases of malignant phyllodes tumour with emphasis on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features using advanced MR applications.
  14. Fulltext Alkaline phosphatase activity assessment of two endodontic materials: a preliminary study
    Rajan, S., Awang, H., Pooi, A.H., Hassan, H., Devi, S.
    Ann Dent, 2008;15(1):5-10.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: An in vitro assessment of MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells' alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity when in contact with calcium hydroxide powder (CH), paste (CHP) and grey mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Methods: MG-63 cells were seeded to the three selected materials for durations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours. BCIP-NBT assay was used and ALP activity quantified using ELISA reader at 410 nm. Results: The overall analysis for ALP activity indicated significant interaction between test materials and control (maintenance medium). Subsequently, the test materials were paired and analysed for initial (0.25, 0.5, 1 hour) and delayed response (24, 48 and 72 hours). During the initial response, CH exhibited an increased ALP activity compared to MTA. This interaction was not dependant on duration. The delayed response exhibited elevated ALP activity with CHP when compared to MTA and CH. The interaction of CHP was dependant on duration. Conclusion: All three materials exhibited increased ALP activity.
  15. Fulltext An Incidental Detection of Popliteal Vein Aneurysm during Labeled Leukocyte Scintigraphy
    Hassan HA, Nazri M, Azman RR
    World J Nucl Med, 2012 May;11(2):81-3.
    PMID: 23372443 DOI: 10.4103/1450-1147.103421
    Technetium (99mTc) exametazime (hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime, HMPAO) labeled leukocyte scintigraphy is mainly used to exclude occult infection in our institution. On review of previously published article, no case of popliteal venous aneurysm was ever diagnosed and detected on labeled leukocyte scintigraphy. We present a rare case of popliteal venous aneurysm which was detected on labeled leukocyte scintigraphy and was further confirmed with single-photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography fusion.
  16. An improved method for the preparations of nanostructured lipid carriers containing heat-sensitive bioactives
    Hung LC, Basri M, Tejo BA, Ismail R, Nang HL, Abu Hassan H, et al.
    Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2011 Oct 1;87(1):180-6.
    PMID: 21652183 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.05.019
    Heat-sensitive bioactive compounds such as β-carotene and tocols, are widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Their chemical stability in delivery systems is one of the major concerns in the production of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). A previously established high-temperature high-pressure homogenisation technique involved in the preparation of NLCs can cause degradation of heat-sensitive compounds. Therefore, a novel preparation process needs to be developed to minimise the degradation of heat-sensitive active compounds during the preparation of NLCs. In this work, modified methods A and B were designed to minimise the degradation of β-carotene and tocols during the production of NLCs. These methods improved the chemical stability of heat-sensitive bioactive compounds (β-carotene and tocols) significantly compared to the previously established method. The physical stability of the formulation was maintained throughout study duration.
  17. Analytical GC-FID Method for the Determination of Organic Solvents in Radiopharmaceuticals
    Hassan H, Othman MF, Zakaria ZA, Saad FFA, Abdul Razak HR
    Curr Radiopharm, 2021;14(2):131-144.
    PMID: 33115398 DOI: 10.2174/1874471013999201027215704
    BACKGROUND: Organic solvents play an indispensable role in most of the radiopharmaceutical production stages. It is almost impossible to remove them entirely in the final formulation of the product.

    OBJECTIVE: In this presented work, an analytical method by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) has been developed to determine organic solvents in radiopharmaceutical samples. The effect of injection holding time, temperature variation in the injection port, and the column temperature on the analysis time and resolution (R ≥ 1.5) of ethanol and acetonitrile was studied extensively.

    METHODS: The experimental conditions were optimized with the aid of further statistical analysis; thence, the proposed method was validated following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 (R1) guideline.

    RESULTS: The proposed analytical method surpassed the acceptance criteria including the linearity > 0.990 (correlation coefficient of R2), precision < 2%, LOD, and LOQ, accuracy > 90% for all solvents. The separation between ethanol and acetonitrile was acceptable with a resolution R > 1.5. Further statistical analysis of Oneway ANOVA revealed that the increment in injection holding time and variation of temperature at the injection port did not significantly affect the analysis time. Nevertheless, the variation in injection port temperature substantially influenced the resolution of ethanol and acetonitrile peaks (p < 0.05).

    CONCLUSION: The proposed analytical method has been successfully implemented to determine the organic solvent in the [18F]fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine ([18F]FET), [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO), and [18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT).

  18. Anti-ulcer activity of the aqueous extract of Melastoma malabathricum L. leaf in rats
    Wan Zainulddin WN, Zabidi Z, Kamisan FH, Yahya F, Ismail NA, Nor Shamsahal Din NS, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2016 Jan;29(1):35-8.
    PMID: 26826818
    Melastoma malabathricum L. Smith (Melastomaceae) has been used in the Malay traditional culture to treat ulcer-based ailments.The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential anti-ulcer effect of aqueous extract of M. malabathricum leaves (AEMM) using ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models in rats. Rats were divided into ten groups (n=6) and received DMSO (10%; negative group), ranitidine (100mg/kg; positive group) or AEMM (50, 250 and 500mg/kg) orally for 7 days and on the 8(th) day subjected to the respective gastric ulcer models. The stomachs were collected and subjected to macroscopic and microscopic analysis. At all groups tested, the AEMM exerted significant (p<0.05) anti-ulcer effect only against the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. The percentage of anti-ulcer for the 50-500mg/kg AEMM ranging between 50-82%, respectively. The macroscopic observations were supported by histological findings. In conclusion, AEMM exhibits potential anti-ulcer activity attributed to its previously proven high flavonoids content and antioxidant activity.
  19. Antibiotic susceptibility and REP-PCR fingerprints of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from a hospital ten years apart
    Misbah S, AbuBakar S, Hassan H, Hanifah YA, Yusof MY
    J Hosp Infect, 2004 Dec;58(4):254-61.
    PMID: 15564001
    The antibiotic susceptibility profiles and the repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR)-determined genotypes of 109 Acinetobacter strains collected from the University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 1987 (N=21) and 1996-1998 (N=88) were established. Twelve antibiotic susceptibility profiles of antibiotics used at the UMMC were obtained. In descending order of effectiveness, imipenem, amikacin and ciprofloxacin were the most effective against the Acinetobacter strains. Compared with 1987 isolates, the isolates obtained in 1996-1998 had decreased susceptibility to these antibiotics and were tolerant to the antibiotics up to an MIC90 of > or =256 mg/L. REP-PCR DNA fingerprints of all the isolates revealed the presence of four Acinetobacter spp. lineages; 92% of all the isolates belonged to two dominant lineages (genotypes 1 and 4). Genotype 4 isolates predominant in 1987 showed increased resistance and antibiotic tolerance to imipenem, amikacin and ciprofloxacin compared with the 1996-1998 isolates. In contrast, genotype 1 isolates from 1996-1998 were mainly sensitive to these antibiotics. These findings demonstrate the presence of at least two independent Acinetobacter spp. lineages in the same hospital, and suggest the possibility that genotype 4 Acinetobacter spp. acquired the resistance phenotype in situ, whereas most of the genotype 1 isolates were probably introduced to the hospital in recent years.
  20. Fulltext Anticancer properties of sulforaphane: current insights at the molecular level
    Asif Ali M, Khan N, Kaleem N, Ahmad W, Alharethi SH, Alharbi B, et al.
    Front Oncol, 2023;13:1168321.
    PMID: 37397365 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1168321
    Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate with multiple biomedical applications. Sulforaphane can be extracted from the plants of the genus Brassica. However, broccoli sprouts are the chief source of sulforaphane and are 20 to 50 times richer than mature broccoli as they contain 1,153 mg/100 g. SFN is a secondary metabolite that is produced as a result of the hydrolysis of glucoraphanin (a glucosinolate) by the enzyme myrosinase. This review paper aims to summarize and understand the mechanisms behind the anticancer potential of sulforaphane. The data was collected by searching PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This paper concludes that sulforaphane provides cancer protection through the alteration of various epigenetic and non-epigenetic pathways. It is a potent anticancer phytochemical that is safe to consume with minimal side effects. However, there is still a need for further research regarding SFN and the development of a standard dose.
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