Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 161 in total

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  1. Fulltext Assessing the nutritional status of children with leukemia from hospitals in kuala lumpur
    Zalina AZ, Suzana S, A Rahman AJ, Noor Aini MY
    Malays J Nutr, 2009 Mar;15(1):45-51.
    PMID: 22691804 MyJurnal
    A cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the nutritional status of 51 subjects with leukemia aged 4 to 12 years from the Haematology and Oncology Paediatric Ward, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (PPUKM) and the Paediatric Institute of Kuala Lumpur. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements, biochemical and haematological parameters. Subjects comprised 32 (62.7%) males and 19 (27.3%) females. Most of the subjects (41.2%) were in the age group of 4 to 6 years. More than half of the children were Malays (70.6%) followed by Indians (15.7%) and Chinese (13.7%). The subjects were diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (84.3%) followed by acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (13.7%) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) (2.0%) respectively. Most of the children were in remission status (54.9%). Underweight (
  2. Fulltext Vaping topography and reasons of use among adults in Klang Valley, Malaysia
    Zainol Abidin N, Abidin EZ, Zulkifli A, Syed Ismail SN, Karuppiah K, Amer Nordin AS, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2018 Feb 26;19(2):457-462.
    PMID: 29480664
    Background: Consistency and accuracy of results in assessing health risks due to vaping or e-cigarette use are difficult to achieve without established consumption data. The present report covers baseline data on vaping topography and reasons for use among local users in Klang Valley, Malaysia.
    Methods: An 80-item survey regarding socio-demographic characteristics, smoking topography and reasons for e-cigarette use was employed to assess e-cigarette users recruited from several public universities and private organisations. The survey questionnaire was self-administered. Data were analysed using statistical software.
    Results: Eighty-six current e-cigarette users participated with more than half (51.2%) of them aged ≥ 25 years old. Significant proportions of the sample were single (51.2%), had a tertiary education level (63.5%) and a household income of less than USD1000 per month (65.2%). Median duration of e-cigarette use was less than a year; users drew approximately 50 puffs per day and refilled twice a day. The majority (74%) used e-liquids containing nicotine with a concentration of 6 μg/mL. Daily users spent USD18-23 per month. Reasons for using the e-cigarette included enjoyment of the products (85.9%), perception of lower toxicity than tobacco (87%), and the fact that it was a cheaper smoking alternative (61%).
    Conclusion: The data on e-cigarette smoking topography obtained in this study are novel. The reasons of usage were mainly users’ enjoyment of e-cigarettes, preparation for quitting smoking, perception of low toxicity and a healthier smoking substitute and cheapness in the long run. The results establish basic knowledge for the local vaping topography and reference material for future e-cigarette-related research.
  3. Mutations in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (mtND1) gene in colorectal carcinoma
    Yusnita Y, Norsiah MD, Rahman AJ
    Malays J Pathol, 2010 Dec;32(2):103-10.
    PMID: 21329181 MyJurnal
    Mitochondrial Subunit ND1 (mtND1) gene is involved in the first step of the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Alteration of the electron transport components by mutations in mtDNA may compromise the normal electron flow. This could lead to an increase of bifurcation and generation of superoxidase radicals and increase oxidative stress in various types of cancer cells. Genomic DNA was extracted from thirty matched primary colorectal tumour tissues and matching non-tumour tissues. Blood samples were obtained from twenty-five normal people. The mtNDI coding region was amplified by step-down PCR. The purified products were then subjected to direct sequencing and subsequently, the DNA sequences obtained were compared with the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) and MITOMAP. From the analysis, the mtND1 gene showed 11 (45.8%) different mutations and also 13 (54.2%) polymorphisms. The heteroplasmic mutation A4123A/G (I273I/V) might have a pathogenic significance as it fulfills various pathogenic criteria. Three mutations, T3394C (Y30H), A3434G (Y43C) and C3497T (A64V) which occur in a highly conserved region were likely to alter the structure and function of the ND1 protein. We suggest that these mutations, and in combination with the polymorphic variance in mtDNA, may cause slight changes that generate subtly higher levels of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  4. Fulltext Dataset of driving behaviours in Selangor, Malaysia
    You HW, Abdul Rahman A, Hendri Dwisatrya LH
    Data Brief, 2020 Aug;31:105783.
    PMID: 32642504 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105783
    Road traffic accidents have been recognised as a leading cause of death, and one of the prominent public health problems. The human factor, which is the driving behaviour in particular, is said to be the main cause. In line with this, the objective of this research is to present a data article on the response of driving behaviours among drivers. Driving behaviours have been classified into five dimensions, which are speeding, improper overtaking, mobile phone use while driving, tail-gating and disobeying traffic lights. A quantitative study was conducted with a sample size of 160 drivers consisting of residents in a suburban of Selangor, Malaysia. A stratified random sampling method was adopted to identify the respondents. Data analysis was presented in the form of descriptive statistics and tables. The findings show that the majority of respondents agreed that they have driving behaviours that involve improper overtaking, tail-gating and disobeying traffic lights.
  5. Milk-alkali syndrome: The forgotten diagnosis for altered sensorium
    Yap WL, Rahman A, Baharuddin KA
    Med J Malaysia, 2022 Jan;77(1):107-109.
    PMID: 35087007
    Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS) is one of the causes of hypercalcaemia. We report a case of a 75-year-old lady with a history of thyroidectomy, presented with an altered mental state and had an extremely high calcium concentration of 4.96mmol/L. The hypercalcemia was attributed to the ingestion of large doses of calcium supplements, including calcium carbonate and calcium lactate, leading to MAS. She was managed with intravenous fluids, diuretics and withdrawal of calcium supplements. The patient responded well to treatment and regained consciousness. Details of the case including clinical presentations, electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and treatment plan, are discussed in this article.
  6. Spermatic cord metastasis from a medulloblastoma
    Thambi dorai CR, Azmi A, Rahman AJ, Subathra S, Hayati AR, Zulfiqar A
    Pediatr Surg Int, 2001 Nov;17(8):654-6.
    PMID: 11727063
    A 4-year-old boy presented with metastases in the spermatic cord and ribs 2 years after treatment for a primary medulloblastoma (MB). The testis was free of tumor. A MB presenting with a metastasis to the spermatic cord has not been reported to date. The role of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in promoting such spread should be considered in planning management.
  7. Fulltext Pitfalls in machine learning-based assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer
    Thagaard J, Broeckx G, Page DB, Jahangir CA, Verbandt S, Kos Z, et al.
    J Pathol, 2023 Aug;260(5):498-513.
    PMID: 37608772 DOI: 10.1002/path.6155
    The clinical significance of the tumor-immune interaction in breast cancer is now established, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have emerged as predictive and prognostic biomarkers for patients with triple-negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2-negative) breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancer. How computational assessments of TILs might complement manual TIL assessment in trial and daily practices is currently debated. Recent efforts to use machine learning (ML) to automatically evaluate TILs have shown promising results. We review state-of-the-art approaches and identify pitfalls and challenges of automated TIL evaluation by studying the root cause of ML discordances in comparison to manual TIL quantification. We categorize our findings into four main topics: (1) technical slide issues, (2) ML and image analysis aspects, (3) data challenges, and (4) validation issues. The main reason for discordant assessments is the inclusion of false-positive areas or cells identified by performance on certain tissue patterns or design choices in the computational implementation. To aid the adoption of ML for TIL assessment, we provide an in-depth discussion of ML and image analysis, including validation issues that need to be considered before reliable computational reporting of TILs can be incorporated into the trial and routine clinical management of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
  8. Heterogeneity of the CYP2D6 gene among Malays in Malaysia
    Teh LK, Ismail R, Yusoff R, Hussein A, Isa MN, Rahman AR
    J Clin Pharm Ther, 2001 Jun;26(3):205-11.
    PMID: 11422605
    Although Malays shared an origin with Chinese, their evolution saw substantial divergences. Phenotyping studies suggested that they differed in CYP2D6 polymorphism, with higher PM prevalence but lesser right-shift for debrisoquine MRs.
  9. A hybrid mathematical programming model for optimal project portfolio selection using fuzzy inference system and analytic hierarchy process
    Tavana M, Khosrojerdi G, Mina H, Rahman A
    Eval Program Plann, 2019 12;77:101703.
    PMID: 31442587 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.101703
    The primary goal in project portfolio management is to select and manage the optimal set of projects that contribute the maximum in business value. However, selecting Information Technology (IT) projects is a difficult task due to the complexities and uncertainties inherent in the strategic-operational nature of the process, and the existence of both quantitative and qualitative criteria. We propose a two-stage process to select an optimal project portfolio with the aim of maximizing project benefits and minimizing project risks. We construct a two-stage hybrid mathematical programming model by integrating Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) with Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). This hybrid framework provides the ability to consider both the quantitative and qualitative criteria while considering budget constraints and project risks. We also present a real-world case study in the cybersecurity industry to exhibit the applicability and demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed method.
  10. Fulltext Day Biting Habits of Mosquitoes Associated with Mangrove Forests in Kedah, Malaysia
    T Ismail TNS, A Kassim NF, A Rahman A, Yahya K, Webb CE
    Trop Med Infect Dis, 2018 Jul 23;3(3).
    PMID: 30274473 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3030077
    Due to conservation and rehabilitation efforts, mangrove forests represent some of the largest environmental niches in Malaysia. However, there is little information on the potential risks posed by mosquitoes that are directly and indirectly associated with mangrove forests. To study the potential health risk to humans active within and in close vicinity of mangrove forests, this research focused on the day biting habits of mosquitoes in mangrove forests of Kedah, Malaysia. The bare leg catch (BLC) method was used to collect adult mosquitoes during a 12-h period from 7:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. in both disturbed and less disturbed areas of mangroves. In total, 795 adult mosquitoes from 5 genera and 8 species were collected, and over 65% of the total mosquitoes were collected from the less disturbed area. The predominant species from the less disturbed area was Verrallina butleri; in the disturbed area the dominant species was Culex sitiens. The peak biting hour differed for each species, with Aedes albopictus and Cx. sitiens recorded as having a bimodal biting activity peak during dawn and dusk. For Ve. butleri an erratic pattern of biting activity was recorded in the less disturbed area but it peaked during the early daytime for both collection points. Overall, the distinct pattern of day biting habits of mosquitoes within mangroves peaked during dawn and dusk for the less disturbed area but was irregular for the disturbed area throughout the day. The presence of vectors of pathogens such as Ae. albopictus for both areas raises the need for authorities to consider management of mosquitoes in mangrove forests.
  11. Field evaluation of cyfluthrin and malathion 96 TG ULV spraying at high-rise flats on dengue vectors in Malaysia
    Sulaiman S, Pawanchee ZA, Othman HF, Jamal J, Wahab A, Sohadi AR, et al.
    J Vector Ecol, 1998 Jun;23(1):69-73.
    PMID: 9673932
    Cyfluthrin (Solfac ULO15) and malathion 96 TG were evaluated against sentinel sugar-fed adults and 4th-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti at high-rise flats in Malaysia by ULV spraying. The impact of both insecticides on field populations of Aedes spp. (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus) larvae were monitored weekly using containers. Both cyfluthrin and malathion 96 TG showed adulticidal effects but cyfluthrin showed more significant larvicidal effect than malathion 96 TG (P < 0.05).
  12. Antinociceptive and antiedematogenic activities of andrographolide isolated from Andrographis paniculata in animal models
    Sulaiman MR, Zakaria ZA, Abdul Rahman A, Mohamad AS, Desa MN, Stanslas J, et al.
    Biol Res Nurs, 2010 Jan;11(3):293-301.
    PMID: 19689990 DOI: 10.1177/1099800409343311
    The current study was performed to evaluate the antinociceptive and antiedematogenic properties of andrographolide isolated from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata using two animal models. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using the acetic acid- induced writhing and the hot-plate tests, while antiedematogenic activity was measured using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of andrographolide (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) did not affect the motor coordination of the experimental animals but produced significant (p < .05) antinociceptive activity when assessed using both tests. However, 2 mg/kg naloxone failed to affect the 25 mg/kg andrographolide activity in both tests, indicating that the activity was modulated via nonopioid mechanisms. Furthermore, andrographolide showed significant (p < .05) antiedematogenic activity. In conclusion, the results obtained suggest that andrographolide has antinociceptive and antiedematogenic activities; it may be useful for treating pain and inflammation once human studies are conducted.
  13. Action research studies in the intensive care setting: a systematic review
    Soh KL, Davidson PM, Leslie G, Bin Abdul Rahman A
    Int J Nurs Stud, 2011 Feb;48(2):258-68.
    PMID: 21030021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.09.014
    To review published studies using action research in the intensive care unit (ICU) in order to provide an intervention framework to improve clinical outcomes.
  14. Fulltext Vasectomy--experience in a Malaysian hospital
    Sivanesaratnam V, Abd Rahman A
    Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):69-72.
    PMID: 6513843
    A review of our experience of 916 cases ofpartial bilateral vasectomy performed under local anaesthesia at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur during the
    period between January 1971 and June 1980 is presented. Minor post-operative complications occurred in 5.8% of cases with a low post-operative infection rate of 1.2%. In 35% ofpatients, persistence of non-motile sperms in the semen were seen after at least ten ejaculations in each instance. In four of these cases non-motile sperms continued to persist into the sixth month of follow-up even after at least 50 ejaculations in each instance.
  15. Constituents of the rhizomes of two Alpinia species of Malaysia
    Sirat HM, Rahman AA, Itokawa H, Morita H
    Planta Med, 1996 Apr;62(2):188-9.
    PMID: 17252439
  16. Hypertension and stroke in Asia: prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention
    Singh RB, Suh IL, Singh VP, Chaithiraphan S, Laothavorn P, Sy RG, et al.
    J Hum Hypertens, 2000 11 30;14(10-11):749-63.
    PMID: 11095165
    Reliable statistics related to the prevalence, incidence and mortality of hypertension and stroke are not available from Asia. The data may be in national or institutional reports or journals published in the local language only. The mortality rate for stroke has been on the decline since the mid 1960s in the developed countries of Asia, such as Australia, New Zealand, and Japan, with some improvement in Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong, some areas of China and Malaysia about 15 years later. In India, China, Philippines, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Iran, Pakistan, Nepal, there has been a rapid increase in stroke mortality and prevalence of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension according to new criteria (>140/90 mm Hg) varies between 15-35% in urban adult populations of Asia. In rural populations, the prevalence is two to three times lower than in urban subjects. Hypertension and stroke occur at a relatively younger age in Asians and the risk of hypertension increases at lower levels of body mass index of 23-25 kg/m2. Overweight, sedentary behaviour, alcohol, higher social class, salt intake, diabetes mellitus and smoking are risk factors for hypertension in most of the countries of Asia. In Australia, New Zealand and Japan, lower social class is a risk factor for hypertension and stroke. Population-based long-term follow-up studies are urgently needed to demonstrate the association of risk factors with hypertension in Asia. However prevention programmes should be started based on cross-sectional surveys and case studies without waiting for the cohort studies.
  17. Endothelin-l in feto-placental tissues from normotensive pregnant women and women with pre-eclampsia
    Singh HJ, Rahman A, Larmie ET, Nila A
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2001 Feb;80(2):99-103.
    PMID: 11167202
    AIMS: The pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia is still unclear. Placental hypoperfusion, which precedes the maternal manifestations of pre-eclampsia, could be due to some vasoconstrictor factor/s like endothelin-1. The aim of the study therefore was to estimate the levels of endothelin-1 in feto-placental tissue homogenates from normotensive pregnant women and women with pre-eclampsia.

    METHOD AND MATERIAL: Fresh, vaginally delivered placentae from ten normotensive pregnant women and nine women with pre-eclampsia were carefully dissected and 4 gm each of amnion, chorion laeve, placental plate chorion, fetal placenta (fetal surface of the placenta) and maternal placenta (surface of the placenta attached to the uterine wall) were obtained. These tissues were then thoroughly washed in a 0.5 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, at room temperature and then individually homogenized for one minute in 4 ml of the same buffer. After centrifugation the supernatant was removed. The pellet was re-suspended in buffer, re-homogenized and then centrifuged. The supernatant was removed and the procedure was repeated once again and the three supernatants of each tissue were pooled. Endothelin-1 was estimated by RIA. All results are presented as mean+/-SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using students 't' test for unpaired samples and a 'p' value of <0.05 was considered significant.

    RESULTS: In tissues from normotensive pregnant women, no significant differences were evident in endothelin-1 concentrations in the chorion laeve, fetal placenta and maternal placenta but were significantly higher than those in the amnion and placental plate chorion (p<0.01). In tissues from pre-eclamptic women, no significant differences were evident between endothelin-1 concentrations in the chorion laeve, placental plate chorion and fetal placenta. Mean endothelin-1 concentration in the amnion and maternal placenta were significantly lower than those in chorion laeve, placental plate chorion and fetal placenta (p<0.01). Endothelin-1 concentrations were significantly higher in the amnion, chorion laeve, placental plate chorion and fetal placenta from women with pre-eclampsia when compared to tissues from normotensive pregnant women (p<0.01).

    CONCLUSIONS: Endothelin-1 levels were significantly higher in the placental tissues from women with pre-eclampsia. Endothelin-1, being a powerful vasoconstrictor, could cause significant vasoconstriction in the placental vasculature, and alterations in endothelin-1 levels in placental vasculature may therefore have a role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.

  18. Raised prorenin and renin concentrations in pre-eclamptic placentae when measured after acid activation
    Singh HJ, Rahman A, Larmie ET, Nila A
    Placenta, 2004 Aug;25(7):631-6.
    PMID: 15193869
    The aim of the study was to ascertain if there was any difference in the levels of prorenin and active renin between pre-eclamptic and normotensive feto-placental tissues.
  19. Fulltext Polycystic kidney disease concurrent with feline parvovirus and bacterial infections in domestic shorthair cat: a case report
    Sim Lam PPL, Reduan MFH, Jasni S, Shaari R, Shaharulnizim N, Nordin ML, et al.
    Comp Clin Path, 2020 Sep 28.
    PMID: 33013278 DOI: 10.1007/s00580-020-03170-4
    Feline polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disorder caused by the mutation of PKD1 gene that eventually lead to the development of chronic kidney disease. The latter condition causes hypertension and eventually progress into congestive heart failure. Feline parvovirus (FPV) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease infecting cats and other members of Felidae. An 8-month-old female domestic shorthair cat was presented with complaint of wound dehiscence a day after ovarian hysterectomy procedure. The wound at the suture site appeared necrotic, purulent with foul smell. The cat was found to have diarrhoea during the fixation of suture breakdown and, later, was tested positive with parvovirus infection. Complete blood count revealed anaemia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia and thrombocytosis. Biochemistry profiles showed hypoproteinaemia and elevated of urea and creatinine. The cat was hospitalised, and symptomatic treatments were given. During hospitalisation, the cat showed symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria and found dead 2 days later. Post-mortem findings demonstrated the cat had oral ulceration, thoracic effusion, fibrinopleuropneumonia, pericardial effusion, left ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular dilation, chronic passive liver congestion, mesenteric lymphadenomegaly, intestinal haemorrhage, adrenomegaly and polycystic kidney. Histopathological evaluation revealed fibrinous pleuropneumonia, pulmonary atelectasis, emphysema and oedema, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hepatic necrosis, splenic necrosis, intestinal necrosis, renal necrosis and renal polycystic. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were isolated from bronchus swab and intestinal segment, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed parvovirus infection. The cat was definitely diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease concurrent with parvoviral and secondary bacterial infections.
  20. Fulltext An investigation on impact of E-learning implementation on change management in Malaysian private higher education institutions
    Sheiladevi, S., Rahman, A.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2016;24(2):517-530.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this research is to analyse the impact of identified variables to adapt change management
    due to e-learning implementation in Malaysian private higher education institutions focusing on educators’
    perspectives. The conceptual framework was modified in combination of various theories from Systemic
    Change Models and E-learning Cycle Models. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from Siebel
    4.0-2 Survey Questionnaires (SSQ) by Hambling, 2010 was the data collection instrument. The sample
    consisted of educators from private higher education institutions with visions or missions based on
    e-learning implementation in Malaysia. As per findings, through review of the visions and missions,
    the selected private higher education institutions integrated teaching and learning, advancement of the
    knowledge based on e-learning and leadership in service and outreach.
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