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Fulltext Insulin-Loaded Barium Salt Particles Facilitate Oral Delivery of Insulin in Diabetic Rats

Zaman R, Karim ME, Othman I, Zaini A, Chowdhury EH

Pharmaceutics, 2020 Jul 29;12(8).
PMID: 32751231 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080710

Oral delivery is considered as the most preferred and yet most challenging mode of drug administration; especially a fragile and sensitive peptide like insulin that shows extremely low bioavailability through the gastro-intestinal (GIT) route. To address this problem, we have designed a novel drug delivery system (DDS) using precipitation-induced Barium (Ba) salt particles. The DDS can load insulin molecules and transport them through the GIT route. There were several in vitro simulation tests carried out to prove the efficiency of Ba salt particles as oral delivery candidates. All three Ba salt particles (BaSO4, BaSO3, and BaCO3) showed very good loading of insulin (>70% in all formulations) and a degree of resistance throughout a wide range of pHs from basic to acidic conditions when assessed by spectrophotometry. Particles and insulin-associated particles were morphologically assessed and characterized using FE-SEM and FT-IR. A set of tests were designed and carried out with mucin to predict whether the particles are potentially capable of overcoming one of the barriers for crossing intestinal epithelium. The mucin binding experiment demonstrated 60-100% of mucin adhesion to the three different particles. FT-IR identifies the characteristic peaks for mucin protein, particles, and particle-mucin complex re-confirming mucin adhesion to the particles. Finally, the effectiveness of nano-insulin was tested on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. A short acting human insulin analog, insulin aspart, was loaded into Ba salt particles at a dose of 100 IU/Kg prior to oral administration. Among the three formulations, insulin aspart-loaded BaSO4 and BaCO3 particles dramatically reduced the existing hyperglycemia. BaSO4 with loaded Insulin showed an onset of glucose-lowering action within 1 hr, with blood glucose level measured significantly lower compared to the 2nd and 3rd h (p < 0.05). Insulin-loaded BaCO3 particles showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level at 1-2 h, although the glucose level started to show a slight rise at 3rd h and by 4th h, it was back to baseline level. However, although BaSO3 particles with loaded insulin showed a trend of reduction in blood glucose level, the reduction was not found to be significant (p < 0.05) at any point in time. Therefore, oral formulations of insulin/BaSO4 and insulin/BaCO3 particles were observed as effective as native insulin aspart subcutaneous formulation in terms of onset and duration of action. Further investigation will be needed to reveal bioavailability and mechanism of action of this novel Nano-Insulin formulations.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium
Fulltext Optical properties of ZnO/BaCO3 nanocomposites in UV and visible regions

Zak AK, Hashim AM, Darroudi M

Nanoscale Res Lett, 2014;9(1):399.
PMID: 25177218 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-9-399

Pure zinc oxide and zinc oxide/barium carbonate nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs and ZB-NPs) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Auger spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD result showed that the ZnO and BaCO3 nanocrystals grow independently. The Auger spectroscopy proved the existence of carbon in the composites besides the Zn, Ba, and O elements. The UV-Vis spectroscopy results showed that the absorption edge of ZnO nanoparticles is redshifted by adding barium carbonate. In addition, the optical parameters including the refractive index and permittivity of the prepared samples were calculated using the UV-Vis spectra.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium
Exploring the mechanism of endothelial involvement in acidosis-induced vasodilatation of aortic tissues from normal and diabetic rats

Yeo JL, Tan BT, Achike FI

Eur J Pharmacol, 2010 Sep 10;642(1-3):99-106.
PMID: 20553918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.05.040

Acidosis modulates physiologic and pathophysiologic processes but the mechanism of acidotic vasodilatation remains unclear. We therefore explored this in aortic rings from normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction in endothelium-intact and -denuded rings were recorded under normal and acidotic pH with or without drug probes. Acidosis exerted a relaxant effect in endothelium-intact and -denuded euglycaemic and diabetic tissues. l-NAME or methylene blue partially inhibited acidotic relaxation in these endothelium-intact but not the -denuded tissues, with greater inhibition in the diabetic tissues, indicating that acidosis induces relaxation by endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms, the former being EDNO-cGMP mediated. Indomethacin had no effect on the tissues, indicating that cyclooxygenase products are neither involved in acidosis-induced vasodilatation nor in the modulation of phenylephrine-contraction. In euglycaemic tissues under normal pH, no K(+) channel blocker altered phenylephrine-contraction, but all (except glibenclamide) enhanced diabetic tissue contraction, indicating that normally, these channels (K(ir), K(V), BK(Ca), K(ATP)) do not modulate phenylephrine-contraction, but they (except K(ATP)) are expressed in diabetes where they attenuate phenylephine-induced contraction and modulate acidosis. Only the K(ir) channel modulates acidotic relaxation in euglycaemic tissues. Only tetraethylammonium and iberiotoxin enhanced phenylephrine-induced contraction in endothelium-denuded diabetic tissues indicating that BK(Ca) attenuates phenylephrine-contraction and that acidotic relaxation in this condition is modulated by a tetraethylammonium-sensitive mechanism. In conclusion, acidosis causes vasodilatation in normal and diabetic tissues via endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms differentially modulated by a combination of a NO-cGMP process and K(+) channels, some of which are dormant in the normal state but activated in diabetes mellitus.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium Compounds/pharmacology
Fulltext Research on Hygiene Based on Fieldwork and Experimental Studies

Yajima I

Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi, 2017;72(1):49-54.
PMID: 28154361 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.72.49

Several experimental studies on hygiene have recently been performed and fieldwork studies are also important and essential tools. However, the implementation of experimental studies is insufficient compared with that of fieldwork studies on hygiene. Here, we show our well-balanced implementation of both fieldwork and experimental studies of toxic-element-mediated diseases including skin cancer and hearing loss. Since the pollution of drinking well water by toxic elements induces various diseases including skin cancer, we performed both fieldwork and experimental studies to determine the levels of toxic elements and the mechanisms behind the development of toxic-element-related diseases and to develop a novel remediation system. Our fieldwork studies in several countries including Bangladesh, Vietnam and Malaysia demonstrated that drinking well water was polluted with high concentrations of several toxic elements including arsenic, barium, iron and manganese. Our experimental studies using the data from our fieldwork studies demonstrated that these toxic elements caused skin cancer and hearing loss. Further experimental studies resulted in the development of a novel remediation system that adsorbs toxic elements from polluted drinking water. A well-balanced implementation of both fieldwork and experimental studies is important for the prediction, prevention and therapy of toxic-element-mediated diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium/adverse effects; Barium/analysis
Barium(II)-2,4-dinitrophenolate-18-crown-6 at 183 K

Usman A, Chantrapromma S, Fun HK

Acta Crystallogr C, 2002 Jan;58(Pt 1):m45-7.
PMID: 11781470

The title compound, bis(2,4-dinitrophenolato-kappa2O,O')(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxadecane-kappa6O)barium(II), [Ba(C6H3N2O5)2(C12H24O6)], is a 1:1 complex of barium(II)-2,4-dinitrophenolate and 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18-crown-6). Its structure is located on a crystallographic inversion centre. The temperature dependence of the crystal structure has been studied. The monoclinic beta angle of the P2(1)/n space group increases with increasing temperature. The packing structure of the complex is stabilized by intermolecular C-H...O interactions.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium
Fulltext Phytobezoar: an unusual cause of intestinal obstruction

Teng H, Nawawi O, Ng K, Yik Y

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2005 Jul;1(1):e4.
PMID: 21625276 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.1.1.e4

Small bowel phytobezoars are rare and almost always obstructive. There have been previously reported cases of phytobezoars in the literature, however there are few reports on radiological findings for small bowel bezoars. Barium studies characteristically show an intraluminal filling defect of variable size that is not fixed to the bowel wall with barium filling the interstices giving a mottled appearance. On CT scan, the presence of a round or ovoid intraluminal mass with a 'mottled gas' pattern is believed to be pathognomonic. Since features on CT scans are characteristics and physical findings are of little assistance in the diagnosis of bezoar, the diagnostic value of CT needs to be emphasised.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium
Fulltext Simultaneous Co(II)-Titanium(IV) substitution in magnetoplumbite-type barium ferrite nanoparticles

Teh, G.B., Wong, Y.C., Tilley, R.D.

ASM Science Journal, 2014;8(1):21-28.
MyJurnal

Co(II)-Ti(IV)-substituted magnetoplumbite-type (M-type) barium ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel technique employing ethylene glycol as the gel precursor. Structural and magnetic properties were characterised via X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The particle sizes of the M-type BaCoXTiXFe12-2XO19 (0.2 ≤  ≤ 1.0) were found to be 900 Å – 1500 Å. The XRD results confirmed that the Co(II)-Ti(IV) substituted ferrites in the range of 0.2 ≤  ≤ 1.0 substitution had the M-type ferrite as the dominant phase. The hysteresis loss per-cycle decreased with increasing Co(II)-Ti(IV) substitution in M-type ferrites which showed reduced values in coercivity and remnant magnetisation with moderate effect on the saturation magnetisation.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium Compounds
Stabilization of water in oil in water (W/O/W) emulsion using whey protein isolate-conjugated durian seed gum: enhancement of interfacial activity through conjugation process

Tabatabaee Amid B, Mirhosseini H

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2014 Jan 1;113:107-14.
PMID: 24060935 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.08.042

The present work was conducted to investigate the effect of purification and conjugation processes on functional properties of durian seed gum (DSG) used for stabilization of water in oil in water (W/O/W) emulsion. Whey protein isolate (WPI) was conjugated to durian seed gum through the covalent linkage. In order to prepare WPI-DSG conjugate, covalent linkage of whey protein isolate to durian seed gum was obtained by Maillard reaction induced by heating at 60 °C and 80% (±1%) relative humidity. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to test the formation of the covalent linkage between whey protein isolate and durian seed gum after conjugation process. In this study, W/O/W stabilized by WPI-conjugated DSG A showed the highest interface activity and lowest creaming layer among all prepared emulsions. This indicated that the partial conjugation of WPI to DSG significantly improved its functional characteristics in W/O/W emulsion. The addition of WPI-conjugated DSG to W/O/W emulsion increased the viscosity more than non-conjugated durian seed gum (or control). This might be due to possible increment of the molecular weight after linking the protein fraction to the structure of durian seed gum through the conjugation process.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium Compounds/chemistry
Estimation of effective dose and radiation risk in pediatric barium studies procedures

Sulieman A, Elhag B, Alkhorayef M, Babikir E, Theodorou K, Kappas C, et al.

Appl Radiat Isot, 2018 Aug;138:40-44.
PMID: 28757351 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.013

The objectives of this study are to assess pediatric radiation exposure in certain barium studies and to quantify the organ and effective doses and radiation risk resultant from patients' irradiation. A total of 69 pediatric barium studies for upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Patients' radiation dose was quantified in terms of Entrance surface air kerma (ESAKs) using exposure parameters and DosCal software. Organ and effective doses (E) were extrapolated using national Radiological Protection Board software (NRPB-R279). The mean ± (SD) and the range of patient doses per procedure were 3.7 ± 0.4 (1.0-13.0)mGy, 7.4 ± 1.7(5.5-8.0)mGy and 1.4 ± 0.9 (0.5-3.6)mGy for barium meal, swallow and enema, respectively. The mean effective doses were 0.3 ± 0.03 (0.08-1.1)mSv, 0.2 ± 1.6 (0.44-0.7)mSv and 0.3 ± 0.9 (0.1-0.8)mSv at the same order. The radiation dose were higher compared to previous studies. Therefore, pediatrics are exposed to avoidable radiation exposure. Certain optimization measures are recommended along with establishing national diagnostic reference level (DRL) to reduce the radiation risk.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium*; Barium Sulfate
Effect of acidosis on the mechanism(s) of insulin-induced vasorelaxation in normal Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat aorta

Subramaniam G, Achike FI, Mustafa MR

Regul. Pept., 2009 Jun 5;155(1-3):70-5.
PMID: 19362578 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.04.008

The effect of acidosis on insulin-induced relaxation was studied in thoracic aortic rings (from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats) with (+ED) or without (-ED) endothelium. The rings were mounted in normal (pH 7.4) or acidotic (pH 7.2) Krebs solution for isometric tension recording. Phenylephrine (PE, 3.0 microM)-contracted tissues were exposed to insulin in the presence or absence of various inhibitors. Insulin exerted similar concentration-dependent relaxation of +ED tissues in normal and acidotic pH. Endothelium denudation, significantly (p<0.05) reduced insulin effect in normal, but not acidotic pH. Under normal pH, treatment with L-NAME or methylene blue significantly (p<0.05) reduced insulin responses in the +ED (but not the -ED) tissues. The insulin effect was also significantly (p<0.05) inhibited by tetraethylammonium (TEA; BK(Ca) blocker), 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP; K(V) channel blocker), combined treatments (L-NAME+4-AP+TEA, in +ED tissues) or (4-AP+TEA, in -ED tissues). In either +ED or -ED tissues, indomethacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor), glibenclamide (K(ATP) channel blocker), barium chloride (K(ir) channel blocker) or Ouabain (a Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor) had no effect. Except for methylene blue (effect on +ED tissues), none of the drug treatments inhibited insulin vasodilator effect in acidosis (+ED or -ED tissues). These data indicate that insulin exerts an endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilatation in rat aorta which in normal pH is mediated via BK(Ca) and K(v) channels, including the EDNO-cGMP cascade. Acidosis abolishes the endothelium-dependent relaxation mechanism unraveling a novel mechanism that is as efficacious and is cGMP-, but not EDNO-, BK(Ca)- or K(v)-mediated.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium Compounds/pharmacology
Cervical osteoarthropathy: an unusual cause of dysphagia

Srinivas P, George J

Age Ageing, 1999 May;28(3):321-2.
PMID: 10475873

PRESENTATION: A 72-year-old man complained of progressive dysphagia for solids associated with a sensation of foreign body in his throat for 2 years. A barium swallow showed a bridging osteophyte between C4 and C5 vertebrae indenting the oesophagus posteriorly and displacing it anteriorly.
OUTCOME: He refused surgical intervention and was given dietary advice. After 6 months, his weight was steady and he was able to swallow semi-solid food without difficulty.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium Sulfate
Fulltext Structural and electrical characteristic of BA0.7SR0.3TIO3 with a secondary phase BATI2O5

Sreekantan, Srimala, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, Radzali Othman, West, Anthony, Sinclair, Derek

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2007;2007(1):115-126.
MyJurnal

Barium strontium titanate (Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3) powder was processed at temperature 80 o C by reacting titania sol in aqueous solutions that contained BaCl2, SrCl2 and NaOH at atmospheric pressure.
The structural characteristic of the powder and sintered pellet were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) whereas the electrical characteristic was determined via Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) and LCR meter. The synthesized powder was found to have a tetragonal phase after heating at 1300 o C. XRD pattern also showed the presence of secondary phase BaTi2O5 (BT2). The SEM results shows the fine grain size was in the range of 0.2 Pm to 0.4 Pm whereas the large ones are approximately 0.8 Pm to 1.2 Pm The ac response of sample sintered at 1300 o C indicated that three electrically different regions. Element 1 can be assigned as a ferroelectric grain boundary region and it is actually BT2, element 2 as a ferroelectric bulk region and the third element is a conductive core which has a low resistance (200 :) and capacitance value.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium; Barium Compounds
Fulltext Prevalence, clinical predictors and diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children with persistent respiratory symptoms

Siti Mazliah K, Norzila MZ, Deng CT, Zulfiqar A, Azizi BHO

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Jun;55(2):180-7.
PMID: 19839146

Objectives: This was a cross sectional study conducted in the Paediatric Institute among infants and children with chronic respiratory symptoms with the following objectives: i) to determine the prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children with persistent respiratory symptoms, ii) to identify the clinical predictors of GOR (Gastro-oesophageal reflux) in children with persistent respiratory symptoms and iii) assess the validity of abdominal ultrasound, barium oesophagogram and chest radiograph in diagnosing GOR in these patients.
Materials and Methods: Forty-four patients were recruited over a period of six months. All the presenting symptoms were identified. The patients were subjected to chest radiograph, abdominal ultrasound, barium oesophagogram and 24-hour pH oesophageal monitoring.
The predictive validity of clinical symptoms, chest radiograph, abdominal ultrasound and barium oesophagogram were assessed. Twenty-four hours oesophageal pH was the gold standard to diagnose GOR.
Results: The mean age of patients was 9.1 months (1-58 months). Thirty-one patients (70.5%) were confirmed to have GOR by pH study. Respiratory symptoms alone were not useful to predict GOR. Cough had the highest sensitivity of 51.6%. stridor, wheeze and choking each had a specificity of 76%. Wheeze, vomiting, choking and stridor were identified to have high specificity (90-100%) in diagnosing GOR when any two symptoms were taken in combination.
Collapse/consolidation was the commonest radiological abnormality but had low sensitivity (35.5%) and specificity (53.8%). However hyperinflation on chest radiograph had a specificity of 92.3% with positive predictive value at 80% in diagnosing GOR. Barium oesophagogram has low sensitivity (37.9%) and moderate specificity (75%) in diagnosing GOR in children with respiratory symptoms.
Abdominal ultrasound was a valid mode of diagnosing GOR when there were three or more reflux episodes demonstrated during the screening period with a specificity of 90.9%. However the sensitivity was low ie 20-25%. The specificity increased to 90-100% when two positive tests were taken in combination (abdominal ultrasound and barium oesophagogram). However the sensitivity remained low (10-20%). Chest radiograph did not improve the predictive value when considered with the above tests. Combination of clinical symptoms were useful as clinical predictors of GOR. In the absence of a pH oesophageal monitoring, a combination of barium oesophagogram and ultrasound may be helpful in diagnosing GOR.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium
Kepekatan logam di Tasik Bukit Merah, Perak

Shuhaimi-Othman M, Ahmad A, Norziana G

Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.

Kajian kepekatan logam dalam air di Tasik Bukit Merah telah dijalankan pada April 2009. Lima belas stesen persampelan telah dipilih dan sampel air permukaan bagi penentuan logam telah diambil. Beberapa parameter kualiti air seperti suhu, konduktiviti, oksigen terlarut, pH dan keliatan air telah ditentukan di setiap stesen. Sebanyak 11 jenis logam iaitu kadmium, zink, plumbum, kuprum, nikel, ferum, kobalt, aluminium, barium, kromium dan mangan (Mn) telah ditentukan dalam sampel air. Keputusan menunjukkan kepekatan semua logam kajian berada di bawah kepekatan maksimum yang dicadangkan oleh piawaian Malaysia dan antarabangsa bagi melindungi hidupan akuatik kecuali bagi logam Fe dan Al. Bagi parameter kualiti air, kajian menunjukkan semua parameter berada dalam julat kepekatan semula jadi (kelas I) berdasarkan Piawaian Kualiti Air Kebangsaan (NWQS Malaysia) kecuali oksigen terlarut dan pH di beberapa stesen persampelan terutama di bahagian timur tasik yang didapati dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor semula jadi dan antropogenik.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium
Variation of Ca, Sr, Ba and Mg in the otolith of mudskipper in west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Sarimin AS, Ghaffar MA, Mohamed CA

Pak J Biol Sci, 2009 Feb 01;12(3):231-8.
PMID: 19579951

A study on elemental composition in the otolith of giant mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, was done from June to October 2003. Specimens were obtained from the mangrove areas of Kuala Selangor, Sepang and Melaka in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 70 sagitta otoliths were analyzed to detect variation of Sr, Ba and Mg, replacing the natural chemical composition of the otolith, which is the calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The average ratio of Sr:Ca was 0.11 x 10(-4), Ba:Ca was 5.7 x 10(-3) and Mg:Ca was 0.2 x 10(-3). Strong correlation (R > 0.8) between fish body size and otolith weight ofmudskipper (p < 0.01) also found during this study.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium/analysis*
Influence of Incorporated Barium Ion on the Physio-Chemical Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanodisks Synthesized via a Sonochemical Process

Sagadevan S, Vennila S, Suraiya Begum SN, Wahab YA, Hamizi NAB, Marlinda AR, et al.

J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2020 09 01;20(9):5452-5457.
PMID: 32331117 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17855

Nanostructure materials are of interest in last few decades due to their unique size-dependent physio-chemical properties. In this paper, zinc oxide (ZnO) and barium doped ZnO nanodisks (NDs) were synthesized using sonochemical method and characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-vis absorption and dielectric measurements. The XRD and FTIR studies confirm the crystalline nature of ZnO NDs, and the average crystallite size was found to be ~25 nm for pure ZnO and ~22 nm for Ba doped ZnO NDs. SEM study confirmed the spherical shaped ZnO NDs with average sizes in the range of 20-30 nm. The maximum absorbance was obtained in the 200-500 nm regions with a prominent peak absorbance were observed by UV-vis spectra. The corresponding band gap for ZnO NDs and Ba doped ZnO NDs were calculated using Tauc's plot and was found to be 3.12 and 3.04, respectively. The conductivity and dielectric measurements as a function of frequency have been studied.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium
Ab initio calculation of vibrational frequencies and Raman spectra of barium peroxide glass including comparison of tetrahedral BaO4 with GeO4 and SiO4

Rosli AN, Zabidi NA, Kassim HA, Shrivastava KN

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2011 Sep;79(5):1251-5.
PMID: 21571582 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.04.051

We have calculated the vibrational frequencies of clusters of atoms from the first principles by using the density-functional theory in the local density approximation (LDA). We are also able to calculate the electronic binding energy for all of the clusters of atoms from the optimized structure. We have made clusters of BanOm (n, m=1-6) and have determined the bond lengths, vibrational frequencies as well as intensities in each case. We find that the peroxide cluster BaO2 occurs with the O-O vibrational frequency of 836.3 cm(-1). We also find that a glass network occurs in the material which explains the vibrational frequency of 67 cm(-1). The calculated values agree with those measured from the Raman spectra of barium peroxide and Ba-B-oxide glass. We have calculated the vibrational frequencies of BaO4, GeO4 and SiO4 each in tetrahedral configuration and find that the vibrational frequencies in these systems depend on the inverse square root of the atomic mass.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium Compounds/chemistry*
Comparison of Barium Enema and frozen section results in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease in a tertiary care hospital at Aceh, Indonesia

Rizky M, Isa MM, Kamarlis RK

Med J Malaysia, 2020 05;75(Suppl 1):37-40.
PMID: 32471967

INTRODUCTION: Hirschsprung's Disease (HD) also called congenital aganglionic megacolon is a disorder caused by undeveloped distal to proximal intestinal nerve ganglion cells. Diagnosis includes determining the aganglionic segment through barium enema radiology examination and histopathology of frozen section with permanent section as gold standard. Determining the diagnostic value of this modality is important for operative management decision.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a retrospective, cross-sectional study with diagnostic test design. Patient data were obtained in the form of clinical symptoms, barium enema, and frozen section expertise were assessed for the suitability of the diagnostic value by referring to the permanent section as the gold standard.
RESULT: Thirty-four patient data were obtained. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of barium enemas were 95%, 69.2%, and 82%, respectively. The values of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of frozen section were 95%, 92.8%, and 88%, respectively. The Cohen-Kappa statistic value was 0.62 (good agreement).
CONCLUSION: Accuracy of FS is better than barium enema in diagnosing HD. In health care center with limitation of histopathological facility, BE could be used as the alternative procedure as interrater comparisons showed good agreement. Therefore, either frozen section or barium enema can be carried out in common or in separate term.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium Enema*
The effect of filler content and processing variables on dimensional accuracy of experimental composite inlay material

Razak AA, Harrison A

J Prosthet Dent, 1997 Apr;77(4):353-8.
PMID: 9104710

Dimensional accuracy of a composite inlay restoration is important to ensure an accurate fit and to minimize cementation stresses.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium/chemistry
Congenital esophageal stenosis: report of three cases, literature review, and a proposed classification

Ramesh JC, Ramanujam TM, Jayaram G

Pediatr Surg Int, 2001 Mar;17(2-3):188-92.
PMID: 11315285

The aim of this paper is to report three cases of congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) of different anatomical varieties: (1) stenosis due to tracheobronchial remnants (TBR) involving the lower third of the esophagus; (2) fibromuscular stenosis (FMS) of the middle third; and (3) a membranous diaphragm (MD) involving the lower third. The first two patients were treated by segmental resection of the esophagus and end-to-end anastomosis with dramatic relief of symptoms. The third responded to dilatation. CES is a rare lesion, and about 500 cases are reported in the literature. CES due to TBR and fibromuscular hypertrophy is considered a segmental stenosis, as it involves a length of the esophageal wall, whereas the MD consists of mucosal folds and does not involve its muscular layer. The clinical presentation is varied, and a high index of suspicion is essential to arrive at an early diagnosis. Management depends on the type and severity of the stenosis. Stenosis due to TBR requires segmental resection. FMS may respond to dilatation, but severe degrees of stenosis require segmental excision. MDs usually respond to dilatation or may require endoscopic excision. Segmental stenosis can occur as an isolated lesion or in association with esophageal atresia or stenosis due to a MD. Based on this observation, a classification of CES is proposed.

Matched MeSH terms: Barium Sulfate

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