Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 155 in total

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  1. Fulltext Comparison between the Effect of Soybean and Goat's Milk on Tumor-Marker Enzyme Activities During Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats
    Rahmat A, Seam CK, Endrini S, Mansor SM
    Malays J Med Sci, 2001 Jan;8(1):41-5.
    PMID: 22973155
    Milk is a physiological fluid which has high nutritional value and soybean has strong antioxidant characteristics which is believed to inhibit carcinogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of administration of soybean and goat's milk on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats (fed with diethylnitrosamine; DEN and acetylaminofluorene; AAF) by determining the activities of plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Thirty-six rats from the species Sprague-Dawley were divided into 6 groups : control, DEN/AAF, soybean, DEN/AAF with soybean treatment, goat's milk and DEN/AAF with goat's milk treatment. Soybean and goat's milk administrations were given 5 ml/day. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks and the blood was collected. Treatment with DEN/AAF caused an increase in ALP and GGT levels and a decrease in weight significantly (p<0.05). ALP and GGT activities decreased significantly after administration of soybean and goat's milk (p<0.05). Administration of goat's milk and soybean alone did not cause any changes in the enzyme activities. Comparison between the effect of soybean and goat's milk in reducing the enzyme activities (ALP and GGT) did not give significant values (p>0.05). However, a decrease in weight was observed in the rats given soybean as well as goat's milk. The results obtained suggested that soybean and goat's milk may work as anti cancer agents in hepatocarcinogenesis although further studies are required to further elucidate this aspect.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis
  2. Fulltext An immunohistochemical study of p53 in oral epithelium dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma
    Ma, M.S.
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(2):78-82.
    MyJurnal
    Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the commonest cancer in the mouth. Multiple risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, irradiation, viruses infection and chronic irritation are thought to be responsible for the formation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Although SCC can develop through a series of precancerous stages manifested as various degrees of epithelial dysplasia, this is not always the case. p53 is the commonest mutated gene in human cancers. Mis-sense mutation of the gene or complexing of the protein with viral or cellular proteins prolongs its half-life and leads to its detection by immunohistochemistry. This study was designed with the aim of demonstrating any possible relationship between p53 and oral squamous cell carcinoma by immunohistochemical staining techniques. A total of 66 specimens from the oral cavity (10 normal mucosa, 11 hyperkeratosis without dysplasia, 11 mild dysplasia, 11 moderate dysplasia, 10 severe dysplasia and 13 SCC) were examined for the presence of p53. The results show p53 was not expressed in normal mucosa, but was found with increasing frequency in increasingly severe dysplasia and SCC. In conclusion, this study shows p53 mutation is common in oral squamous cell carcinoma and probably occurs early in the multisteps of oral carcinogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis
  3. Fulltext Chemotaxis movement and attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to Phalaenopsis violacea orchid tissues: an assessment of early factors influencing the efficiency of gene transfer
    Subramaniam, Sreeramanan, Balasubramaniam, Vinod, Poobathy, Ranjetta, Sreenivasan, Sasidharan, Rathinam, Xavier
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2009;20(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    An early step in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Phalaenopsis violacea orchid was investigated to elucidate the plant-bacterium interaction. Directed movement in response to chemical attractants is of crucial importance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains. Chemotaxis of A. tumefaciens strains (EHA 101 and 105) towards wounded orchid tissues has been studied by using swarm agar plates. The results obtained indicate a minor role for chemotaxis in determining host specificity and suggest that it could not be responsible for the absence of tumourigenesis in P. violacea orchid under natural conditions. The spectrometric GUS and green fluorescent protein (GFP) assays provided information on the amount of inoculated A. tumefaciens that effectively bound to various orchid tissues. It can be concluded that, at least during the two early steps of interaction, A. tumefaciens appears to be compatible with P. violacea, indicating a potential basis for genetic transformation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis
  4. Fulltext 3p25 aneusomy in follicular thyroid neoplasms: a report of three cases with review of literature.
    Chia, W.K., Zubaidah, Z., Reena Rahayu Md Zin, Rohaizak, M., Asmiati, A., Rafie, M.K., et al.
    Medicine & Health, 2012;7(1):47-56.
    MyJurnal
    Aneusomy is an early genetic event and a characteristic feature of many solid tumors. It is often associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. The involvement of PAX8-PPARγ rearrangement in tumorigenesis of follicular thyroid lesions has been widely assessed. However, there were few reports on aneusomy of the PPARγ gene at the 3p25 locus in follicular thyroid lesions. It remains undetermined whether these abnormalities can be translated into improved diagnosis, classification, or outcome prediction. Herein, we report three cases of follicular thyroid neoplasms [two follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) and one Hurthle cell adenoma (HCA)] with 3p25 aneusomy detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 3p25 trisomy was observed in one FTC and one HCA while 3p25 tetrasomy was observed in one FTC. Furthermore, all three lesions did not show overexpression of PPARγ protein. Hurthle cell neoplasms (HCN) are distinct clinically and histologically from other follicular thyroid neoplasms (FTN). However, the presence of the aneusomy in HCA and FTC indicates that there could be a biological continuum between the two and chromosomal gains might play an important role in the pathogenesis of these two types of neoplasms. Despite their differences, HCN and FTN may share the same early genetic event in tumour development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis
  5. Fulltext Inverse correlation between P53 and Bcl-2 expression in breast carcinoma of Malaysian patients
    Mdzin, R., Lau, T.Y., Rohaizak, M., Sharifah, N.A.
    Medicine & Health, 2012;7(1):32-40.
    MyJurnal
    The tumour suppressor gene p53 and the proto-oncogene Bcl-2 encode respectively, for a nuclear phosphoprotein and for a mitochondrial membrane protein involved in multiple cellular functions. Both proteins are linked to programmed cell death pathways and provide prognostic information on breast carcinoma. Our aim is to study the expression of p53 and Bcl-2 oncoproteins in breast carcinoma and correlate with patients’ age, tumour size, disease stage and histological grade. Fifty nine cases of breast carcinomas from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) were studied with the immunohistochemical method. Our results showed 45.8% (27 of 59) and 40.7% (24 of 59) of the breast carcinomas were immunopositive for p53 and Bcl-2 respectively. There was significant correlation between Bcl-2 expression with early tumour stage (p=0.01). No significant relationship was seen with other variables. Results also showed an inverse relationship between p53 and Bcl-2 expression (p=0.001). These findings indicate a down regulation of Bcl-2 by p53 in breast carcinogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis
  6. Fulltext Honey and cancer: sustainable inverse relationship particularly for developing nations-a review
    Othman NH
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:410406.
    PMID: 22761637 DOI: 10.1155/2012/410406
    Honey and cancer has a sustainable inverse relationship. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process and has multifactorial causes. Among these are low immune status, chronic infection, chronic inflammation, chronic non healing ulcers, obesity, and so forth. There is now a sizeable evidence that honey is a natural immune booster, natural anti-inflammatory agent, natural antimicrobial agent, natural cancer "vaccine," and natural promoter for healing chronic ulcers and wounds. Though honey has substances of which the most predominant is a mixture of sugars, which itself is thought to be carcinogenic, it is understandable that its beneficial effect as anticancer agent raises skeptics. The positive scientific evidence for anticancer properties of honey is growing. The mechanism on how honey has anticancer effect is an area of great interest. Among the mechanisms suggested are inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and cell-cycle arrest. Honey and cancer has sustainable inverse relationship in the setting of developing nations where resources for cancer prevention and treatment are limited.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis
  7. Calreticulin and cancer
    Zamanian M, Veerakumarasivam A, Abdullah S, Rosli R
    Pathol Oncol Res, 2013 Apr;19(2):149-54.
    PMID: 23392843 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9600-2
    Calreticulin (CRT) as a multi-functional endoplasmic reticulum protein is involved in a spectrum of cellular processes which ranges from calcium homeostasis and chaperoning to cell adhesion and finally malignant formation and progression. Previous studies have shown a contributing role for CRT in a range of different cancers. This present review will focus on the possible roles of CRT in the progression of malignant proliferation and the mechanisms involved in its contribution to cancer invasion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis/metabolism*; Carcinogenesis/pathology
  8. The improvement of in vivo model (Balb/c mice) for cervical carcinogenesis using diethylstilbestrol (DES)
    Zulfahmi S, Yazan LS, Ithnin H, Armania N
    Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 2013 Nov;65(7-8):1083-9.
    PMID: 23726752 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2013.04.004
    Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological cancer and one of the major causes of female cancer-related death worldwide particularly in developing countries. Thus far, there are a few in vivo models have been developed in investigating this type of cancer. In this study, we induced cervical cancer in Balb/c mice by exploiting the carcinogenic property of diestylstilbestrol (DES). The Balb/c pregnant mice were given subcutaneous (SC) injection of 67μg/kg body weight of DES on GD 13, and the mice gave birth approximately at gestation day 19-22. Female offspring were reared and the body weight was recorded once weekly. The female offspring were sacrificed at age of 5 months. Upon termination, blood was collected in a plain tube via cardiac puncture and the reproductive tracts were collected and weighed. The reproductive tract sections were stained using H&E for observation of pathological changes. The progression of disease state was monitored by measuring the level of serum interleukin (IL-6) using the Mouse IL-6 ELISA Assay Kit (BD OptEIA™, USA). All parameters were compared with Not-induced group. The outcome of this study demonstrated a significant difference in body weight gain, reproductive organ weight, diameter of cervix and the level of serum IL-6 in the Induced group as compared to the Not-induced group (P<0.05). Histopathological findings revealed the presence of adenosis only in the Induced group. It shows that DES could be employed as an agent to induce cervical carcinogenesis in animal model. In addition to that, new potential anti-cancer agents from various sources could be further evaluated using this technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis
  9. Long-term in vitro expansion of human adipose-derived stem cells showed low risk of tumourigenicity
    Zaman WS, Makpol S, Sathapan S, Chua KH
    J Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2014 Jan;8(1):67-76.
    PMID: 22552847 DOI: 10.1002/term.1501
    In the field of cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine, clinical application is the ultimate goal. However, one major concern is: does in vitro manipulation during culture expansion increases tumourigenicity risk on the prepared cells? Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term in vitro expansion on human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). The ASCs were harvested from lipo-aspirate samples and cultured until passage 20 (P20), using standard culture procedures. ASCs at P5, P10, P15 and P20 were analysed for morphological changes, DNA damage (Comet assay), tumour suppressor gene expression level (quantitative PCR), p53 mutation, telomerase activity, telomere length determination and in vivo tumourigenicity test. Our data showed that ASCs lost their fibroblastic feature in long-term culture. The population doubling time of ASCs increased with long-term culture especially at P15 and P20. There was an increase in DNA damage at later passages (P15 and P20). No significant changes were observed in both p53 and p21 genes expression throughout the long-term culture. There was also no p53 mutation detected and no significant changes were recorded in the relative telomerase activity (RTA) and mean telomere length (TRF) in ASCs at all passages. In vivo implantation of ASCs at P15 and P20 into the nude mice did not result in tumour formation after 4 months. The data showed that ASCs have low risk of tumourigenicity up to P20, with a total population doubling of 42 times. This indicates that adipose tissue should be a safe source of stem cells for cell-based therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis*
  10. Exploring breast carcinogenesis through integrative genomics and epigenomics analyses
    Minning C, Mokhtar NM, Abdullah N, Muhammad R, Emran NA, Ali SA, et al.
    Int J Oncol, 2014 Nov;45(5):1959-68.
    PMID: 25175708 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2625
    There have been many DNA methylation studies on breast cancer which showed various methylation patterns involving tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes but only a few of those studies link the methylation data with gene expression. More data are required especially from the Asian region and to analyse how the epigenome data correlate with the transcriptome. DNA methylation profiling was carried out on 76 fresh frozen primary breast tumour tissues and 25 adjacent non-cancerous breast tissues using the Illumina Infinium(®) HumanMethylation27 BeadChip. Validation of methylation results was performed on 7 genes using either MS-MLPA or MS-qPCR. Gene expression profiling was done on 15 breast tumours and 5 adjacent non-cancerous breast tissues using the Affymetrix GeneChip(®) Human Gene 1.0 ST array. The overlapping genes between DNA methylation and gene expression datasets were further mapped to the KEGG database to identify the molecular pathways that linked these genes together. Supervised hierarchical cluster analysis revealed 1,389 hypermethylated CpG sites and 22 hypomethylated CpG sites in cancer compared to the normal samples. Gene expression microarray analysis using a fold-change of at least 1.5 and a false discovery rate (FDR) at p>0.05 identified 404 upregulated and 463 downregulated genes in cancer samples. Integration of both datasets identified 51 genes with hypermethylation with low expression (negative association) and 13 genes with hypermethylation with high expression (positive association). Most of the overlapping genes belong to the focal adhesion and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction that play important roles in breast carcinogenesis. The present study displayed the value of using multiple datasets in the same set of tissues and how the integrative analysis can create a list of well-focused genes as well as to show the correlation between epigenetic changes and gene expression. These gene signatures can help us understand the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and could be potential targets for therapeutic intervention in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis/genetics*
  11. Chemopreventive activity of methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves in DMBA-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis
    Kooi OK, Ling CY, Rodzi R, Othman F, Mohtarrudin N, Suhaili Z, et al.
    Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2014;11(4):66-70.
    PMID: 25392583
    BACKGROUND: Melastoma malabathricum L. Smith (family Melastomaceae) is a shrub that has been used by the Malay practitioners of traditional medicine to treat various types of ailments. The present study aimed to determine the chemopreventive activity of methanol extract of M. malabathricum leaves (MEMM) using the standard 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA)/croton oil-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis model.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the initiation phase, the mice received a single dose of 100µl/100 µg DMBA (group I-V) or 100µl acetone (group VI) topically on the dorsal shaved skin area followed by the promotion phase involving treatment with the respective test solutions (100 µl of acetone, 10 mg/kg curcumin or MEMM (30, 100 and 300mg/kg)) for 30 min followed by the topical application of tumour promoter (100µl croton oil). Tumors were examined weekly and the experiment lasted for 15 weeks.

    RESULTS: MEMM and curcumin significantly (p<0.05) reduced the tumour burden, tumour incidence and tumour volume, which were further supported by the histopathological findings.

    CONCLUSION: MEMM demonstrated chemoprevention possibly via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and the action of flavonoids like quercitrin.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis/drug effects*
  12. Fulltext Toll-like receptors and cancer, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma
    Rich AM, Hussaini HM, Parachuru VP, Seymour GJ
    Front Immunol, 2014;5:464.
    PMID: 25309546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00464
    It is becoming increasingly apparent that the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the progression of cancer. The microenvironment may promote tumor cell survival and proliferation or, alternatively may induce tumor cell apoptosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins, expressed on immune cells and epithelial cells, that recognize exogenous and endogenous macromolecules. Once activated, they initiate signaling pathways leading to the release of cytokines and chemokines, which recruit immune cells inducing further cytokine production, the production of angiogenic mediators and growth factors, all of which may influence tumor progression. This paper examines the actions of TLRs in carcinogenesis with particular emphasis on their role in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis
  13. Fulltext Increased Expression of Phosphorylated FADD in Anaplastic Large Cell and Other T-Cell Lymphomas
    Patel S, Murphy D, Haralambieva E, Abdulla ZA, Wong KK, Chen H, et al.
    Biomark Insights, 2014;9:77-84.
    PMID: 25232277 DOI: 10.4137/BMI.S16553
    FAS-associated protein with death domain (FADD) is a major adaptor protein involved in extrinsic apoptosis, embryogenesis, and lymphocyte homeostasis. Although abnormalities of the FADD/death receptor apoptotic pathways have been established in tumorigenesis, fewer studies have analyzed the expression and role of phosphorylated FADD (pFADD). Our identification of FADD as a lymphoma-associated autoantigen in T-cell lymphoma patients raises the possibility that pFADD, with its correlation with cell cycle, may possess role(s) in human T-cell lymphoma development. This immunohistochemical study investigated pFADD protein expression in a range of normal tissues and lymphomas, particularly T-cell lymphomas that require improved therapies. Whereas pFADD was expressed only in scattered normal T cells, it was detected at high levels in T-cell lymphomas (eg, 84% anaplastic large cell lymphoma and 65% peripheral T cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified). The increased expression of pFADD supports further study of its clinical relevance and role in lymphomagenesis, highlighting phosphorylation of FADD as a potential therapeutic target.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis
  14. Fulltext Brewers' rice induces apoptosis in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats via suppression of cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway
    Tan BL, Esa NM, Rahman HS, Hamzah H, Karim R
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:304.
    PMID: 25129221 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-304
    Brewers' rice is locally known as temukut, is a byproduct of the rice milling process, and consists of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ. Unlike rice bran, the health benefit of brewers' rice has yet to be fully studied. Our present study aimed to identify the chemopreventive potential of brewers' rice with colonic tumor formation and to examine further the mechanistic action of brewers' rice during colon carcinogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis
  15. Fulltext Effects of honey and its mechanisms of action on the development and progression of cancer
    Erejuwa OO, Sulaiman SA, Wahab MS
    Molecules, 2014;19(2):2497-522.
    PMID: 24566317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022497
    Honey is a natural product known for its varied biological or pharmacological activities-ranging from anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antihypertensive to hypoglycemic effects. This review article focuses on the role of honey in modulating the development and progression of tumors or cancers. It reviews available evidence (some of which is very recent) with regards to the antimetastatic, antiproliferative and anticancer effects of honey in various forms of cancer. These effects of honey have been thoroughly investigated in certain cancers such as breast, liver and colorectal cancer cell lines. In contrast, limited but promising data are available for other forms of cancers including prostate, bladder, endometrial, kidney, skin, cervical, oral and bone cancer cells. The article also underscores the various possible mechanisms by which honey may inhibit growth and proliferation of tumors or cancers. These include regulation of cell cycle, activation of mitochondrial pathway, induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oxidative stress, amelioration of inflammation, modulation of insulin signaling and inhibition of angiogenesis. Honey is highly cytotoxic against tumor or cancer cells while it is non-cytotoxic to normal cells. The data indicate that honey can inhibit carcinogenesis by modulating the molecular processes of initiation, promotion, and progression stages. Thus, it may serve as a potential and promising anticancer agent which warrants further experimental and clinical studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis/drug effects
  16. Fulltext In vivo and in vitro studies suggest a possible involvement of HPV infection in the early stage of breast carcinogenesis via APOBEC3B induction
    Ohba K, Ichiyama K, Yajima M, Gemma N, Nikaido M, Wu Q, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(5):e97787.
    PMID: 24858917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097787
    High prevalence of infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) ranging from 25 to 100% (average 31%) was observed in breast cancer (BC) patients in Singapore using novel DNA chip technology. Early stage of BC demonstrated higher HPV positivity, and BC positive for estrogen receptor (ER) showed significantly higher HPV infection rate. This unique association of HPV with BC in vivo prompted us to investigate a possible involvement of HPV in early stages of breast carcinogenesis. Using normal breast epithelial cells stably transfected with HPV-18, we showed apparent upregulation of mRNA for the cytidine deaminase, APOBEC3B (A3B) which is reported to be a source of mutations in BC. HPV-induced A3B overexpression caused significant γH2AX focus formation, and DNA breaks which were cancelled by shRNA to HPV18 E6, E7 and A3B. These results strongly suggest an active involvement of HPV in the early stage of BC carcinogenesis via A3B induction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis*
  17. Differentially expressed proteins in ER+ MCF7 and ER- MDA- MB-231 human breast cancer cells by RhoGDI-α silencing and overexpression
    Hooshmand S, Ghaderi A, Yusoff K, Thilakavathy K, Rosli R, Mojtahedi Z
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(7):3311-7.
    PMID: 24815488
    BACKGROUND: The consequence of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (RhoGDIα) activity on migration and invasion of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) breast cancer cells has not been studied using the proteomic approach. Changes in expression of RhoGDIα and other proteins interacting directly or indirectly with RhoGDIα in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, with different metastatic potentials is of particular interest.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: ER+ MCF7 and ER- MDA-MB-231 cell lines were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and spots of interest were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of- flight/time- of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis after downregulation of RhoGDIα using short interfering RNA (siRNA) and upregulated using GFP-tagged ORF clone of RhoGDIα.

    RESULTS: The results showed a total of 35 proteins that were either up- or down-regulated in these cells. Here we identifed 9 and 15 proteins differentially expressed with silencing of RhoGDIα in MCF-7 and the MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. In addition, 10 proteins were differentially expressed in the upregulation of RhoGDIα in MCF7, while only one protein was identified in the upregulation of RhoGDIα in MDA-MB-231. Based on the biological functions of these proteins, the results revealed that proteins involved in cell migration are more strongly altered with RhoGDI-α activity. Although several of these proteins have been previously indicated in tumorigenesis and invasiveness of breast cancer cells, some ohave not been previously reported to be involved in breast cancer migration. Hence, these proteins may serve as useful candidate biomarkers for tumorigenesis and invasiveness of breast cancer cells.

    CONCLUSIONS: Future studies are needed to determine the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate cell migration. The combination of RhoGDIα with other potential biomarkers may be a more promising approach in the inhibition of breast cancer cell migration.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis/genetics
  18. Fulltext The health benefits of probiotics
    Yap, Wei Boon, Rina Anak Sujang
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2014;12(2):41-44.
    MyJurnal
    There has been a significant increase in research on probiotics-associated health benefits in the last 20 years. Many studies carried out in vitro and clinically show that consumption of probiotics inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, the consumption of probiotics also enhances the host immune response and decreases the levels of carcinogenesis-inducing enzymes. These positive outcomes have led to the use of probiotics in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases like bacterial or antibiotic associated diarrhea, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer. This review summarises literature pertaining to mechanistic actions of probiotics in improving the well-being of hosts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis
  19. Fulltext Remarkable Anticancer Activity of Teucrium polium on Hepatocellular Carcinogenic Rats
    Movahedi A, Basir R, Rahmat A, Charaffedine M, Othman F
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014;2014:726724.
    PMID: 25197311 DOI: 10.1155/2014/726724
    The term cancer has been concomitant with despair, agony, and dreadful death. Like many other diseases, herbal therapy has been used to prevent or suppress cancer. The present study investigated the capability of the decoction of Teucrium polium L. from Lamiaceae family to protect liver cells against hepatocellular carcinoma in carcinogenesis-induced animal model. After 28 weeks of treatment with decoction of Teucrium polium L., serum biochemical markers including ALT, AST, AFP, GGT, ALP, HCY, TNF-α, α2MG, and CBG have been regulated auspiciously. Total antioxidant status also has been increased intensely. Liver lesion score in treated group was lessened and glucocorticoid activity has been intensified significantly. In conclusion, Teucrium polium L. decoction might inhibit or suppress liver cancer development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis
  20. Fulltext Environmental immune disruptors, inflammation and cancer risk
    Thompson PA, Khatami M, Baglole CJ, Sun J, Harris SA, Moon EY, et al.
    Carcinogenesis, 2015 Jun;36 Suppl 1:S232-53.
    PMID: 26106141 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv038
    An emerging area in environmental toxicology is the role that chemicals and chemical mixtures have on the cells of the human immune system. This is an important area of research that has been most widely pursued in relation to autoimmune diseases and allergy/asthma as opposed to cancer causation. This is despite the well-recognized role that innate and adaptive immunity play as essential factors in tumorigenesis. Here, we review the role that the innate immune cells of inflammatory responses play in tumorigenesis. Focus is placed on the molecules and pathways that have been mechanistically linked with tumor-associated inflammation. Within the context of chemically induced disturbances in immune function as co-factors in carcinogenesis, the evidence linking environmental toxicant exposures with perturbation in the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses is reviewed. Reported effects of bisphenol A, atrazine, phthalates and other common toxicants on molecular and cellular targets involved in tumor-associated inflammation (e.g. cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin E2, nuclear factor kappa B, nitric oxide synthesis, cytokines and chemokines) are presented as example chemically mediated target molecule perturbations relevant to cancer. Commentary on areas of additional research including the need for innovation and integration of systems biology approaches to the study of environmental exposures and cancer causation are presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinogenesis/chemically induced; Carcinogenesis/immunology
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