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Fulltext Teaching metacognition in clinical decision-making using a novel mnemonic checklist: an exploratory study

Chew KS, Durning SJ, van Merriënboer JJ

Singapore Med J, 2016 Dec;57(12):694-700.
PMID: 26778635 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2016015

INTRODUCTION: Metacognition is a cognitive debiasing strategy that clinicians can use to deliberately detach themselves from the immediate context of a clinical decision, which allows them to reflect upon the thinking process. However, cognitive debiasing strategies are often most needed when the clinician cannot afford the time to use them. A mnemonic checklist known as TWED (T = threat, W = what else, E = evidence and D = dispositional factors) was recently created to facilitate metacognition. This study explores the hypothesis that the TWED checklist improves the ability of medical students to make better clinical decisions.
METHODS: Two groups of final-year medical students from Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, were recruited to participate in this quasi-experimental study. The intervention group (n = 21) received educational intervention that introduced the TWED checklist, while the control group (n = 19) received a tutorial on basic electrocardiography. Post-intervention, both groups received a similar assessment on clinical decision-making based on five case scenarios.
RESULTS: The mean score of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (18.50 ± 4.45 marks vs. 12.50 ± 2.84 marks, p < 0.001). In three of the five case scenarios, students in the intervention group obtained higher scores than those in the control group.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study support the use of the TWED checklist to facilitate metacognition in clinical decision-making.

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Fulltext Seven new species of Resartor Gustafsson et Bush, 2017 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from Asian 'babblers' (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Paradoxornithidae)

Gustafsson DR, Chu X, Bush SE, Zou F

Folia Parasitol., 2018 Dec 20;65.
PMID: 30593007 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2018.020

Seven new species of chewing lice in the genus Resartor Gustafsson et Bush, 2017 are described and illustrated. They are: Resartor albofulvus sp. n. ex Heterophasia desgodinsi desgodinsi (Oustalet); Resartor apimimus sp. n. ex Heterophasia picaoides wrayi (Ogilvie-Grant); Resartor aterrimus sp. n. ex Minla ignotincta mariae La Touche; Resartor extraneus sp. n. ex Lioparus chrysotis swinhoii (Verreaux); Resartor guangxiensis sp. n. ex Trochalopteron milnei sinianum Stresemann; Resartor longisuturalis sp. n. ex Actinodura cyanouroptera wingatei (Ogilvie-Grant); Resartor seminudus sp. n. ex Leiothrix argentauris tahanensis (Yen). All species differ in the shape of the head, shape of the male genitalia and abdominal chaetotaxy. A checklist and a key to the species of Resartor are provided.

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Revision of the leafhopper genus Dusuna Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae), with description of one new species from China

Sun J, Webb M, Zhang Y

Zootaxa, 2014;3821(5):575-82.
PMID: 24989768 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.5.5

The leafhopper genus Dusuna Distant is revised to include seven species including one new species D. anacantha sp. nov. from China and one new combination D. distanti (Schmidt) n. comb. All species are described and illustrated. A checklist to species of the genus is provided together with a key to separate the two species known from the male. Figures of an unknown species from Malaysia (possibly new) are also included.

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Fulltext Dataset of reptiles in fragmented forests at Tasik Kenyir, Hulu Terengganu, Malaysia

Komaruddin SA, Mohamad NA, Fatihah-Syafiq M, Badli Sham BH, Mamat MA, Zakaria N

Data Brief, 2020 Feb;28:104994.
PMID: 32226800 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104994

This data article is about reptiles (lizard, snake, and skink) captured from fragmented forest within man-made lake of Tasik Kenyir that is situated in Terengganu State, Peninsular Malaysia. Data collection was conducted in January 2019 and sampling methods included drift fenced-pitfall traps and Visual Encounter Survey (VES). All animals were identified, measured snout to vent (SVL) and weighted before their release at the site of capture. The highlights like conservation statuses in the wild, detection type and substrate type are presented with the data to increase its value. A total of 73 individuals from 18 species, 15 generas and seven families of reptiles were recorded. The data comprised of seven reptile family groups Agamidae, Gekkonidae, Scincidae, Colubridae, Elapidae, Viperidae and Homalopsidae. Reptiles like Cyrtodactylus quadrivirgattus (n = 33, 45.2%) and Aphaniotis fusca (n = 7, 9.6%) were most dominant in the checklist and most of the animals were captured using VES. Data of SVL and mass of the animals can be further interpreted by researchers to assess the health condition of animals in the altered habitats.

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Fulltext Improvement in documentation of intake and output chart

Ling, W.W., Ling, L.P., Chin, Z.H., Wong, I.T., Wong, A.Y., Nasef, A., et al.

Int J Public Health Res, 2011;1(2):152-162.
MyJurnal

Intake and Output (I/O) records in hospitals were often found to be incomplete and illegible. The form used to record I/O is not user-friendly - i.e., they feature miniscule boxes, 'total' lines that do not correspond with shift changes and lack of instructions. Complaints often received from Specialists & Doctors regarding calculation errors or no totalling of I/O. Moreover, Nursing Sisters objective rounds often saw incompleteness of I/O chart. This study aims to identify the types of mistakes in recording the existing I/O chart. The second aim is to find out whether shift totalling of I/O chart helps in reducing mistakes. We try to determine whether the identified mistakes were repeated in the new I/O Chart. This study was conducted from October till December 2010 in 9 selected wards in Sibu Hospital. Data collection was divided into 3 phases. A pre-implementation audit using a checklist was carried out. The compliance rate of completeness of documentation of I/O Chart was 63%. A one month trial of new I/O chart was being done in the selected 9 wards. Post implementation audit showed a significant improvement of compliance rate (88%). Feedback from health care workers (N=110) showed that, 89% of doctors (n=17) and 60% of nurses (n=93) in the sample prefer to use the new format as more practical and relevant to the changing shift of nurses and doctors' ward round. It is suggested to implement the new format to increase compliance rate of documentation of I/O charting. Briefing should be given to nurses periodically and the new format should be introduced to nursing students in nursing colleges.

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Fulltext The economically important thrips from Malaysia, with a key to species (Thysanoptera, Thripinae)

Ng YF, Zaimi JS

Zookeys, 2018.
PMID: 30613175 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.810.28457

An illustrated key is provided to the economically important Thripinae (Thysanoptera) of Malaysia, together with a checklist and information on hosts and distributions. Information about the diversity and pest status for these Thripinae is provided, together with the prominent character states that are useful for recognising each species.

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Fulltext Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) in Companion Animals: The First Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Wada Y, Irekeola AA, E A R ENS, Yusof W, Lih Huey L, Ladan Muhammad S, et al.

Antibiotics (Basel), 2021 Jan 31;10(2).
PMID: 33572528 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020138

Antimicrobial resistance in companion animals is a major public health concern worldwide due to the animals' zoonotic potential and ability to act as a reservoir for resistant genes. We report on the first use of meta-analysis and a systematic review to analyze the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) in companion animals. Databases such as MedLib, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched. The information was extracted by two independent reviewers and the results were reviewed by a third. Two reviewers independently assessed the study protocol using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist and the study quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for prevalence data. OpenMeta analyst and comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) were used for the meta-analysis. The random effect model was used, and publication bias was assessed using the Eggers test and funnel plot. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed, and the sources were analyzed using the leave-one-out meta-analysis, subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Twenty-two studies met the eligibility criteria, but because some studies reported the prevalence of VRE in more than one companion animal, they were considered as individual studies, and 35 studies were therefore added to the final meta-analysis. Sampling period of the included studies was from 1995-2018. Of the 4288 isolates tested in the included studies, 1241 were VRE. The pooled prevalence of VRE in companion animals was estimated at 14.6% (95% CI; 8.7-23.5%; I2 = 97.10%; p < 0.001). Between-study variability was high (t2 = 2.859; heterogeneity I2 = 97.10% with heterogeneity chi-square (Q) = 1173.346, degrees of freedom (df) = 34, and p < 0.001). The funnel plot showed bias, which was confirmed by Eggers test (t-value = 3.97165; p = 0.00036), and estimates from the leave-one-out forest plot did not affect the pooled prevalence. Pooled prevalence of VRE in dogs and cats were 18.2% (CI = 9.4-32.5%) and 12.3%, CI = 3.8-33.1%), respectively. More studies were reported in Europe than in any other continent, with most studies using feces as the sample type and disc diffusion as the detection method. With the emergence of resistant strains, new antimicrobials are required in veterinary medicine.

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Fulltext Determining the cut-off score for a Malay language version of the centre for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CESD)

Siti Raudzah Ghazali, Elklit, Ask, Rekaya Vincent Balang, Ameenudeen Sultan, M., Yoke, Yong Chen

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2014;15(2):146-152.
MyJurnal

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the optimal cut-off score for the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CESD) according to Malaysian adolescent norms. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Nine hundred and thirty-one adolescents aged 13 to 17 years-old completed the CESD and Hopkins Symptom Checklist-depression scale (HSCL-depression). Results: Results from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, kappa coefficients and odds ratio analysis showed that CESD cut-off score of 27 was suitable to be used according to Malaysian norms, demonstrating a specificity of 93%. Conclusion: The findings suggest a cut-off score 27 should be used for screening of depression for Malaysian adolescents using the CESD. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 15 (2): July - December 2014: 146-152.

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Fulltext Management and Clinical Outcome of Children with Transfusion-Dependent Thalassaemia in Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban

Aina Mariana AM, Yap SH

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69(4):178-83.
PMID: 25500846 MyJurnal

The aim of this study was to evaluate the management and clinical outcome of transfusion-dependent thalassaemia children receiving care in the Paediatric Ambulatory Care Centre, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban in comparison to The Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines. The demography, management and clinical outcome of the patients were documented using a checklist. Information on compliance to chelation agents was obtained through interview. There were twenty-six patients recruited in this study out of thirty seven patients registered in the centre. This study showed that more effort and vigilance should be given to ensure that the management of these patients adheres to the guidelines and clinical outcome of these patients monitored closely.

Study site: Paediatric Ambulatory Care Centre, Hospital Tunku Ja'afar, Seremban.

Matched MeSH terms: Checklist
Fulltext Checklist of the coral fish fauna of Xisha Islands, China

Qiu S, Chen B, Du J, Loh KH, Liao J, Liu X, et al.

Biodivers Data J, 2021;9:e63945.
PMID: 33732033 DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e63945

Background: The Xisha Islands are composed of the Yongle Islands and the Xuande Islands in Hainan Province, China. It has one of the highest species diversity in the world and is also a typical oceanic distribution area of coral reefs globally. The ichthyofauna of the Xisha Islands were recorded by underwater visual census in May 2019 and July 2020. The survey data were combined with previous records of species into the checklist of the Xisha Islands presented herein. A total of 691 species, belonging to 24 orders and 97 families, was recorded. The major families were Labridae, Pomacentridae, Serranidae, Chaetodontidae, Hexanchidae, Lutjanidae, Scaridae, Gobiidae, Scorpaenidae and Carangidae. In this study, the Coral Fish iversity Index (CFDI) of six families (Chaetodontidae, Pomacanthidae, Pomacentridae, Labridae, Scaridae and Acanthuridae) was 229, indicating 756 coral fishes. In terms of the IUCN Red List, one species is Critically Endangered (Glyphis gangeticus), six species are Endangered (Stegostoma fasciatum, Aetomylaeus maculatus, Aetomylaeus vespertilio, Epinephelus akaara, Cheilinusundulatus sp. and Xiphias gladius), 16 species are Vulnerable, and 13 species are Near Threatened in the Xisha Archipelago, so conservation should be strengthened in this area in the future.
New information: One species is a new record for China (Dischistodus pseudochrysopoecilus) and 23 species are newly found in the Xisha Islands.

Matched MeSH terms: Checklist
Tokyo Guidelines 2018: management bundles for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis

Mayumi T, Okamoto K, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Solomkin JS, Schlossberg D, et al.

J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci, 2018 Jan;25(1):96-100.
PMID: 29090868 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.519

Management bundles that define items or procedures strongly recommended in clinical practice have been used in many guidelines in recent years. Application of these bundles facilitates the adaptation of guidelines and helps improve the prognosis of target diseases. In Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13), we proposed management bundles for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. Here, in Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18), we redefine the management bundles for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. Critical parts of the bundles in TG18 include the diagnostic process, severity assessment, transfer of patients if necessary, and therapeutic approach at each time point. Observance of these items and procedures should improve the prognosis of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. Studies are now needed to evaluate the dissemination of these TG18 bundles and their effectiveness. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47. Related clinical questions and references are also included.

Matched MeSH terms: Checklist*
Fulltext The global distribution of permanent canine hypodontia: A systematic review

Sivarajan S, Mani SA, John J, Fayed MMS, Kook YA, Wey MC

Korean J Orthod, 2021 Jan 25;51(1):55-74.
PMID: 33446621 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2021.51.1.55

Objective: To systematically review studies on canine agenesis prevalence in different populations and continents, based on the jaw, sex, location, and associated dental anomalies.
Methods: Electronic and hand searches of English literature in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, OpenGrey, and Science Direct were conducted, and the authors were contacted when necessary. Observational studies (population-based, hospital/clinic-based, and cross-sectional) were included. For study appraisal and synthesis, duplicate selection was performed independently by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using a modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist, with main outcome of prevalence of canine agenesis.
Results: The global population prevalence of canine agenesis was 0.30% (0.0-4.7%), highest in Asia (0.54%), followed by Africa (0.33%), and the least in Europe and South America (0.19% in both continents). Canine agenesis was more common in the maxilla (88.57%), followed by both maxilla and mandible (8.57%), and the least common was mandible-only presentation (2.86%). The condition was more common in females (female:male ratio = 1.23), except in Asia (female:male ratio = 0.88) and Africa (female:male ratio = 1). In Asia, unilateral agenesis was almost twice as prevalent as bilateral, but in Europe, the bilateral form was more common.
Conclusions: The overall prevalence of canine agenesis is 0.30%, with the highest prevalence in Asia, followed by Africa, Europe, and South America. The condition is more common in the maxilla than the mandible, and in females than males (except in Asia and Africa), with unilateral agenesis being more common in Asia and the bilateral form showing a greater prevalence in Europe.

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Fulltext Three new species of Bolbochromus Boucomont (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae, Bolboceratinae) from Southeast Asia

Li CL, Yang PS, Krikken J, Wang CC

Zookeys, 2013.
PMID: 23794858 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.290.4696

Three new species of the Oriental bolboceratine genus Bolbochromus Boucomont 1909, Bolbochromus minutus Li and Krikken, sp. n. (Thailand), Bolbochromus nomurai Li and Krikken, sp. n. (Vietnam), and Bolbochromus malayensis Li and Krikken, sp. n. (Malaysia), are described from continental Southeast Asia with diagnoses, distributions, remarks and illustrations. The genus is discussed with emphasis on continental Southeast Asia. A key to species known from Indochina and Malay Penisula is presented. An annotated checklist of Bolbochromus species is presented.

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Fulltext A Systematic Review on Clinimetric Properties of Play Instruments for Occupational Therapy Practice

Romli MH, Wan Yunus F

Occup Ther Int, 2020;2020:2490519.
PMID: 32821250 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2490519

Play is considered the main occupation for children. Pediatric occupational therapists utilize play either for evaluation or intervention purpose. However, play is not properly measured by occupational therapists, and the use of play instrument is limited. This systematic review was aimed at identifying play instruments relevant to occupational therapy practice and its clinimetric properties. A systematic search was conducted on six databases (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Science Collection, Scopus, and ASEAN Citation Index) in January 2020. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using Law and MacDermid's Appraisal for Clinical Measurement Research Reports, and psychometric properties of play instruments were evaluated using Terwee's checklist while the clinical utility is extracted from each instrument. Initial search identifies 1,098 articles, and only 30 articles were included in the final analysis, extracting 8 play instruments. These instruments were predominantly practiced in the Western culture, which consists of several psychometric evidences. The Revised Knox Preschool Play Scale is considered the most extensive and comprehensive play instrument for extrinsic aspect, whereas the Test of Playfulness + Test of Environmental Supportiveness Unifying Measure is a promising play instrument for intrinsic aspect on play, where both instruments utilize observation. My Child's Play is a potential questionnaire-based play instrument. However, the current development of play instruments in the occupational therapy field is immature and constantly evolving, and occupational therapists should exercise good clinical reasoning when selecting a play instrument to use in practice.

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Fulltext DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF FRESHWATER FISHES AT SUNGAI MUAR, KUALA PILAH, NEGERI SEMBILAN

Nur Hasyimah Ramli, Wan Nur Atilla Antasha Megat Asrul Hazaman

Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2021;9(1):153-165.
MyJurnal

Freshwater fishes are species that spend their entire live in either freshwater inland or brackish estuaries. The checklist of the fish species should be updated consistently to ensure their diversity is preserved. The study of diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes at Sungai Muar, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan was carried out on 14 and 15 March 2020 to identify the fish diversity and their development in Sg. Muar, Negeri Sembilan. Trawl (fish collections), weighing machine and ruler (morphometric observations) was used during experiment. Fish species found during this study include Oreochromis mossambicus (Family Cichlidae), Hemibagrus nemurus (Family Bagridae), Homaloptera tweediei (Family Balitoridae), Notopterus notopterus (Family Notopteridae), Oxyeleotris marmorata (family Eleotridae), and five species of Family Cyprinidae, which were Mystacoleucus marginatus, Osteochilus haseltii, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii and Hampala microlepidota. Fishes from family Cyprinidae was dominated the area with a total of 102 individuals found. The statistical analysis shows the diversity (H’)=1.826, richness (R’)=2.004 and evenness (E’)= 0.5645 of freshwater fish at Sungai Muar, respectively. The most dominant species found was Mystacoleucus marginatus with 50 individuals and the least abundant species were Barbonymus schwanenfeldii, Homaloptera tweediei and Oxyeleotris marmorata with one individual only. The length-weight regression shows a positive allometric growth with ‘b’ value is higher than 3 at both stations; 3.0118 (Station 1) and 3.4409 (Station 2). It shows that the fish becomes heavier as its length increases. This data provides information about the fish habitat in Sungai Muar and can be used to update the checklist of fish species in Sg Muar. The data obtained provides information about the fish habitat in Sungai Muar which could be useful for the planning of fishing activities Other than that, it also important as a guideline for future research and conservation purposes especially in Negeri Sembilan.

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Review of the genus Signoretia (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Signoretiinae) of the Oriental region with description of nine new species

Viraktamath CA

Zootaxa, 2016 Nov 17;4193(3):zootaxa.4193.3.3.
PMID: 27988690 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4193.3.3

Species of Signoretia Stål from the Oriental region are reviewed and types of five species described by Baker, two species described by Distant and one species described by Schmidt are illustrated. A checklist of 20 species of the genus from the Oriental region including 9 new species is given. The new species described and illustrated are Signoretia dulitensis sp. nov. (Malaysia: Mt Dulit), S. lunglei sp. nov. (India: Mizoram), S. mishmiensis sp. nov. (Myanmar: Mishmi Hills), S. quoinensis sp. nov. (Malaysia: Quoin Hill), S. rubra sp. nov. (Thailand: Chiang Mai), S. sahyadrica sp. nov. (India: Kerala), S. similaris sp. nov. (Vietnam: Fyan), S. sinuata sp. nov. (India: West Bengal) and S. takiyae sp. nov. (India: Andaman Is.). Both S. aureola Distant and S. maculata Baker are redescribed and illustrated. Lectotypes are designated for S. greeni Distant and S. aureola Distant.

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Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) dependence, withdrawal symptoms and craving in regular users

Singh D, Müller CP, Vicknasingam BK

Drug Alcohol Depend, 2014 Jun 1;139:132-7.
PMID: 24698080 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.017

BACKGROUND: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) preparations have been traditionally used in Southeast Asia for its medicinal properties. Lately, Kratom use has spread to Europe and the US, where abuse potential and health hazards increasingly emerge. This study is the first to measure systematically Kratom dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and drug craving in regular Kratom users in Malaysia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 293 regular Kratom users was conducted in the community across three northern peninsular states of Malaysia. The Leeds Dependence Questionnaire, Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist, and Marijuana Craving Questionnaire-Short Form were used to measure Kratom dependence, withdrawal and craving.
RESULTS: More than half of the regular users (>6 month of use) developed severe Kratom dependence problems, while 45% showed a moderate Kratom dependence. Physical withdrawal symptoms commonly experienced include muscle spasms and pain, sleeping difficulty, watery eyes/nose, hot flashes, fever, decreased appetite, and diarrhoea. Psychological withdrawal symptoms commonly reported were restlessness, tension, anger, sadness, and nervousness. The average amount of the psychoactive compound, mitragynine, in a single dose of a Kratom drink was 79mg, suggesting an average daily intake of 276.5mg. Regular users who consumed ≥3 glasses Kratom per day, had higher odds of developing severe Kratom dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and inability to control Kratom craving.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study show that regular Kratom use is associated with drug dependency, development of withdrawal symptoms, and craving. These symptoms become more severe with prolonged use and suggest a stronger control of the drug.

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Fulltext Emotional and behavioural problems among adolescent off-springs of mothers with depression

Wan Salwina, W.I., Nik Ruzyanei, N.K., Nurliza, A.M., Irma, A.M., Hafiz, B., Ayob, I., et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2013;9(2):35-43.
MyJurnal

Maternal depression has been linked to the development of adolescents’ emotional and behavioural problems. The main objective of this study was to determine the association between maternal depressive disorders and externalizing and internalizing problems among their adolescent children. This was a cross-sectional, comparison study of 35 mothers with depression and their adolescents, matched with 35 healthy mothers and their adolescents as controls. The mothers completed Quick Inventory Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) for assessment of current depression. The emotional and behavioural problems in the adolescents were assessed independently by the mothers and their adolescents off-springs using Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self-Report (YSR), respectively. SPSS version 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. The findings showed that adolescents who have mothers with depressive disorders had significantly higher scores of externalizing (mean difference = 4.686 + 10.887, p = 0.016) and total emotional and behavioural problems (mean difference = 10.171 + 23.007, p = 0.013) than controls. The cases also scored higher than the controls in the following CBCL syndrome scales: aggressive behaviour (mean difference = 3.200 + 6.773, p = 0.008), social problem (mean difference = 1.286 + 2.865, p = 0.012), and attention problem (mean difference = 1.543 + 4.435, p = 0.047). Mothers with depressive disorders reported that their adolescents have greater emotional and behavioural problems than the controls. The findings suggested a need for preventive strategies to curb problematic behaviour focusing on this vulnerable group.

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Patient safety initiatives from around the world

Tingle J

Br J Nurs, 2017 May 25;26(10):572-573.
PMID: 28541112 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2017.26.10.572

John Tingle, Reader in Health Law at Nottingham Trent University, and Jen Minford, Junior Doctor Co-ordinator, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, discuss initiatives presented at a global summit on patient safety.

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Fulltext A regional study of the genus Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae) in Asia and Melanesia

Kistenich S, Bendiksby M, Vairappan CS, Weerakoon G, Wijesundara S, Wolseley PA, et al.

MycoKeys, 2019;53:23-72.
PMID: 31191113 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.53.33425

Phyllopsora is a crustose to squamulose lichen genus inhabiting the bark of trees in moist tropical forests and rainforests. Species identification is generally challenging and is mainly based on ascospore morphology, thallus morphology and anatomy, vegetative dispersal units, and on secondary chemistry. While regional treatments of the genus have been conducted for Africa, South America and Australia, there exists no study focusing on the Asian and Melanesian species. Previously, 24 species of Phyllopsora s. str. have been reported from major national studies and checklists representing 13 countries. We have studied herbarium material of 625 Phyllopsora specimens from 18 countries using morphology, anatomy, secondary chemistry, and molecular data to investigate the diversity of Phyllopsora species in Asia and Melanesia. We report the occurrence of 28 species of Phyllopsora including the following three species described as new to science: P.sabahana from Malaysia, P.siamensis from Thailand and P.pseudocorallina from Asia and Africa. Eight species are reported as new to Asia. A key to the Asian and Melanesian species of Phyllopsora is provided.

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