Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 68 in total

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  1. Fulltext A binary solvent extraction system for phenolic antioxidants and its application to the estimation of antioxidant capacity in Andrographis paniculata extracts
    Thoo, Y.Y., Ng, S.Y., Khoo, M.Z., Wan Aida, W.M., Ho, C.W.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(3):1103-1111.
    MyJurnal
    The effects of ethanol concentration (0-100%, v/v), extraction time (60-300 min) and extraction temperature (25-65°C) on the extraction of phenolic antioxidants from Andrographis paniculata was evaluated using single-factor experiments. The following complementary assays were used to screen the antioxidant properties of the crude extracts: total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), condensed tannin content (CTC), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging capacity and 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging capacity. The extraction conditions chosen had significant effects (p < 0.05) on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The optimal conditions were 60% ethanol for 60 min at 65oC for phenolic compounds and at 25oC for antioxidant capacity. Strong negative significant (p < 0.05) correlations were observed between the phenolic compounds (TPC, TFC and CTC) and antioxidant capacity comprising ABTS (-0.924, -0.909, -0.887, respectively) and DPPH radical-scavenging capacities (-0.992, -0.938, -0.928, respectively) were determined under the influence of extraction temperature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures
  2. Fulltext Amauroderma rugosum (Blume & T. Nees) Torrend: Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Properties
    Chan PM, Kanagasabapathy G, Tan YS, Sabaratnam V, Kuppusamy UR
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013;2013:304713.
    PMID: 24371454 DOI: 10.1155/2013/304713
    Amauroderma rugosum is a wild mushroom that is worn as a necklace by the indigenous communities in Malaysia to prevent fits and incessant crying by babies. The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritive composition and antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory effects of A. rugosum extracts on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Nutritional analysis of freeze-dried mycelia of A. rugosum (KUM 61131) from submerged culture indicated a predominant presence of carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fibre, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium. The ethanol crude extract (EE), its hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), and aqueous (AF) fractions of mycelia of A. rugosum grown in submerged culture were evaluated for antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory effects. EAF exhibited the highest total phenolic content and the strongest antioxidant activity based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. HF showed dose-dependent inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and NO radical scavenging activity. Gas chromatographic analysis of HF revealed the presence of ethyl linoleate and ergosterol, compounds with known anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, the nutritive compositions and significant antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory effects of mycelia extracts of A. rugosum have the potential to serve as a therapeutic agent or adjuvant in the management of inflammatory disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures
  3. Fulltext An oil fraction neural sensor developed using electrical capacitance tomography sensor data
    Zainal-Mokhtar K, Mohamad-Saleh J
    Sensors (Basel), 2013;13(9):11385-406.
    PMID: 24064598 DOI: 10.3390/s130911385
    This paper presents novel research on the development of a generic intelligent oil fraction sensor based on Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) data. An artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been employed as the intelligent system to sense and estimate oil fractions from the cross-sections of two-component flows comprising oil and gas in a pipeline. Previous works only focused on estimating the oil fraction in the pipeline based on fixed ECT sensor parameters. With fixed ECT design sensors, an oil fraction neural sensor can be trained to deal with ECT data based on the particular sensor parameters, hence the neural sensor is not generic. This work focuses on development of a generic neural oil fraction sensor based on training a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) ANN with various ECT sensor parameters. On average, the proposed oil fraction neural sensor has shown to be able to give a mean absolute error of 3.05% for various ECT sensor sizes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures/analysis*
  4. Antiatherogenic Potential of Extracts from the Gray Oyster Medicinal Mushroom, Pleurotus pulmonarius (Agaricomycetes), In Vitro
    Abidin MHZ, Abdullah N, Abidin NZ
    Int J Med Mushrooms, 2018;20(3):283-290.
    PMID: 29717672 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2018025821
    This study evaluates the in vitro inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA) by Pleurotus pulmonarius extracts. The protective effect on the endothelial membrane against oxidative stress through the protection of nitric oxide bioavailability, as well as inhibition of endocan expression, was evaluated using human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Crude cold aqueous extract exhibited the most potent inhibitory activities against ACE and HMG-CoA reductase, with 61.79% and 44.30% inhibition, respectively. It also protected the bioavailability of NO released by HAECs, with 84.88% cell viability. The crude hot water extract was the most potent in inhibiting endocan expression, with 18.61% inhibition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures/isolation & purification; Complex Mixtures/pharmacology*
  5. Fulltext Antibacterial Activity of the Epidermal Mucus of Barbodes everetti
    JIAZHEN LIM, YANG LEE, BADIOZAMAN SULAIMAN, LESLEY MAURICE BILUNG, YEE LING CHONG
    Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2018;1(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    The epidermal mucus of fish contains antimicrobial agents that act as biological defence against disease. This study aims to identify antibacterial activity and protein concentration of epidermal mucus of Barbodes everetti, a Bornean endemic freshwater fish. The epidermal mucus was extracted with 3% acetic acid, 0.85% sodium chloride and crude solvents. The mucus activity against eight strains of human pathogenic bacteria, including Bacillus cereus ATCC 33019, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella braenderup ATCC BAA 664, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25933, and Vibrio cholerae, were tested. The acetic acid mucus extract of B. everetti was able to inhibit five strains of bacteria and show no activity toward E. coli O157:H7, B. cereus ATCC 33019 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644. Moreover, the highest protein concentration was quantified in crude extract, followed by aqueous and acetic acid extracts. This study provides a preliminary knowledge on the activity of epidermal mucus of B. everetti towards five out of the eight human pathogens tested, therefore it may contain potential sources of novel antibacterial components which could be further extracted for the production of natural antibiotics towards human-related pathogenic bacteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures
  6. Antibacterial and Antifouling Properties of the Horseshoe Crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda
    Mohd Faizal MN, Ismail N, M S Eldeen I, Mariam T
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2021 Jan;24(5):579-587.
    PMID: 34486333 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.579.587
    <b>Background and Objective:</b> Horseshoe crabs are widely used in both traditional and modern pharmaceutical applications. Most of the previous studies on horseshoe crabs focused on their blood which contains hemolymph and amoebocyte lysate. This study aimed to determine the potential antibacterial and antifouling properties of different extracts from the carapace and the book gills of <i>Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda</i>. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The crude extracts were subjected to the bioactivity tests using the disc-diffusion and the inhibition of biofilm-formation measurement assays, for both the antibacterial and antifouling activities respectively. <b>Results:</b> The results obtained indicated that the carapace extracts had stronger antibacterial and antifouling effects compared to the book gills extracts. Extracts obtained from the male displayed more activity compared to the extracts from the female with a few exceptions. Methanol and acetone carapace crude extracts showed the best overall performance. A sterol compound was isolated from the carapace acetone extracts of the male of <i>C. rotundicauda</i>. However, the compound did not display strong activity compared to the crude extract. The compound might be contributing to the observed activity with other components through a synergistic effect. <b>Conclusion:</b> The presence of antibacterial and antifouling activities in the carapace and book gills extracts could be added to the complexity of the defence mechanisms of horseshoe crabs. The results of this study, therefore, may contribute to the knowledge of the defence mechanisms of <i>C. rotundicauda</i>. Further research is needed to determine the bioactivities of other parts of the animal and to explore their potential applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures/pharmacology*; Complex Mixtures/therapeutic use
  7. Fulltext Antibiofilm activity, compound characterization, and acute toxicity of extract from a novel bacterial species of paenibacillus
    Alasil SM, Omar R, Ismail S, Yusof MY
    Int J Microbiol, 2014;2014:649420.
    PMID: 24790603 DOI: 10.1155/2014/649420
    The effectiveness of many antimicrobial agents is currently decreasing; therefore, it is important to search for alternative therapeutics. Our study was carried out to assess the in vitro antibiofilm activity using microtiter plate assay, to characterize the bioactive compounds using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and to test the oral acute toxicity on Sprague Dawley rats of extract derived from a novel bacterial species of Paenibacillus strain 139SI. Our results indicate that the crude extract and its three identified compounds exhibit strong antibiofilm activity against a broad range of clinically important pathogens. Three potential compounds were identified including an amino acid antibiotic C8H20N3O4P (MW 253.237), phospholipase A2 inhibitor C21H36O5 (MW 368.512), and an antibacterial agent C14H11N3O2 (MW 253.260). The acute toxicity test indicates that the mortality rate among all rats was low and that the biochemical parameters, hematological profile, and histopathology examination of liver and kidneys showed no significant differences between experimental groups (P > 0.05). Overall, our findings suggest that the extract and its purified compounds derived from novel Paenibacillus sp. are nontoxic exhibiting strong antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens that can be useful towards new therapeutic management of biofilm-associated infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures
  8. Fulltext Anticancer Drug Discovery from Microbial Sources: The Unique Mangrove Streptomycetes
    Law JW, Law LN, Letchumanan V, Tan LT, Wong SH, Chan KG, et al.
    Molecules, 2020 Nov 17;25(22).
    PMID: 33212836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225365
    Worldwide cancer incidence and mortality have always been a concern to the community. The cancer mortality rate has generally declined over the years; however, there is still an increased mortality rate in poorer countries that receives considerable attention from healthcare professionals. This suggested the importance of the prompt detection, effective treatment, and prevention strategies. The genus Streptomyces has been documented as a prolific producer of biologically active secondary metabolites. Streptomycetes from mangrove environments attract researchers' attention due to their ability to synthesize diverse, interesting bioactive metabolites. The present review highlights research on mangrove-derived streptomycetes and the production of anticancer-related compounds from these microorganisms. Research studies conducted between 2008 and 2019, specifically mentioning the isolation of streptomycetes from mangrove areas and described the successful purification of compound(s) or generation of crude extracts with cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines, were compiled in this review. It is anticipated that there will be an increase in prospects for mangrove-derived streptomycetes as one of the natural resources for the isolation of chemotherapeutic agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures
  9. Antimicrobial activity of fungal endophytes from vaccinium dunalianum var. Urophyllum
    Xin Tong, Xiao-ye Shen, Cheng-lin Hou
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1685-1692.
    Fungi associated with Vaccinium species play important roles in plant growth and disease control, especially in the final
    blueberry production. Vaccinium dunalianum var. urophyllum (Ericaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant in Southern
    China used to treat inflammation and microbial infections. The endophytic fungi from these plants are therefore anticipated
    as potential new sources of antimicrobials. In this report, the inhibitory effects of endophytes against clinical bacteria
    and yeast were comprehensively screened and 11 isolates indicated high bioactivity by the agar diffusion method. The
    corresponding crude extracts of these fungi under submerged fermentation also demonstrated distinct differences and
    n-butyl alcohol displayed the lowest extraction efficiency among the extracts. The ethyl acetate and dichloromethane
    extracts of filtrates from the Colletotrichum sp. VD001, Epicoccum nigrum VD021 and E. nigrum VD022 strains
    displayed good properties against pathogenic microorganisms according to disc diffusion assays and minimal inhibitory
    concentration (MIC). This study is the first indicating that cultivable endophytic fungi associated with blueberry plants
    produce potential compounds against clinical pathogens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures
  10. Fulltext Antioxidant Properties of Crude Extract, Partition Extract, and Fermented Medium of Dendrobium sabin Flower
    Abu F, Mat Taib CN, Mohd Moklas MA, Mohd Akhir S
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2017;2017:2907219.
    PMID: 28761496 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2907219
    Antioxidant properties of crude extract, partition extract, and fermented medium from Dendrobium sabin (DS) flower were investigated. The oven-dried DS flower was extracted using 100% methanol (w/v), 100% ethanol (w/v), and 100% water (w/v). The 100% methanolic crude extract showed the highest total phenolic content (40.33 ± mg GAE/g extract) and the best antioxidant properties as shown by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. A correlation relationship between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content showed that phenolic compounds were the dominant antioxidant components in this flower extract. The microbial fermentation on DS flower medium showed a potential in increasing the phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity. The TPC of final fermented medium showed approximately 18% increment, while the DPPH of fermented medium increased significantly to approximately 80% at the end of the fermentation. Dendrobium sabin (DS) flower showed very good potential properties of antioxidant in crude extract and partition extract as well as better antioxidant activity in the flower fermented medium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures
  11. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of tinospora crispa and tabernaemontana corymbosa
    Heida Nadia Zulkefli, Jamaludin Mohamad, Nurhayati Zainal Abidin
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:697-706.
    Tinospora crispa and Tabernaemontana corymbosa have been used traditionally to treat fever, diabetes, rheumatism and sinusitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Tinospora crispa and Tabernaemontana corymbosa. The presence of apigenin and magnoflorine was detected using LCMS/MS in Tinospora crispa (Patawali) whereas appararicine, voafinine, conodusarine, conodurine, voacamine and voacangine were detected in Tabernaemontana corymbosa (Susur kelapa) methanol extract. The stem extract of Tinospora crispa showed high antioxidant activity in the following order: DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating assay (98.8%, 0.957, 81.97%) than Tabernaemontana corymbosa of leaves (90.04%, 0.652, 69.64%), stem (82.78%, 0.819, 36.70%) and root extracts (63.25%, 0.469, 51.56%), respectively. The high antioxidant activity in the stem extract of Tinospora crispa is due to the presence of apigenin and magnoflorine. The high antioxidant activity in Tabernaemontana corymbosa extract is due to its high phenol contents. There were significant linear positive correlation (r=0.788, p<0.001, r2=0.621) between the total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging assay in the crude extracts of Tinospora crispa and Tabernaemontana corymbosa. Meanwhile, a significant moderate positive correlation was observed between the total phenolic content and ferric reducing power assay (r= 0.556, p<0.05, r2= 0.309). However, there was no significant difference in the correlation coefficient of total phenolic content and metal chelating assay.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures
  12. Antioxidant and Wound Healing Activity of Polyherbal Fractions of Clinacanthus nutans and Elephantopus scaber
    Aslam MS, Ahmad MS, Mamat AS, Ahmad MZ, Salam F
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2016;2016:4685246.
    PMID: 27528881 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4685246
    Elephantopus scaber and Clinacanthus nutans are traditionally used as wound healing herb. The objective of the present study is to develop a new polyherbal formulation, by comparison, the herbal combination of Elephantopus scaber and Clinacanthus nutans as an in vitro antioxidant activity with their individual herbal activity followed by fractionation of polyherbal formulation for in vivo wound healing activities and identification of bioactive compounds from their active fractions. Antioxidant activity was performed in vitro by DPPH scavenging antioxidant activity followed by in vivo wound healing activities using excision wound model, incision wound model, and burn wound model. Toxicity of the fractions of the polyherbal formulation was performed by a dermal toxicity test. The result showed that Elephantopus scaber crude extract on the basis of EC50 performs a much faster action (15.67 μg/mL) but with less % inhibition (87.66%) as compared to the combination of the new polyherbal formulation of crude extract (30 μg/mL). The polyherbal formulation has the highest % inhibition (89.49%) at the same dose as compared to Elephantopus scaber (87.66%). In comparison among all crude and fractions of new polyherbal formulation, it was found that the ethyl acetate fraction of polyherbal formulation has the fastest activity (EC50 14.83 μg/mL) with % inhibition (89.28%). Furthermore, during evaluation of wound contraction on excision and incision wound model, ethyl acetate fraction possesses the highest activity with (P < 0.001) and (P < 0.0001), respectively. During burn wound model, aqueous fraction (P < 0.001) possesses the highest activity followed by an ethyl acetate fraction (P < 0.0001). LC-MS analysis discovered the presence of several flavonoid-based compounds that work synergistically with sesquiterpene lactone and other bioactive compounds. In conclusion, flavonoid increases the antioxidant activity that surges the rate of wound contraction and works synergistically with other bioactive compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures
  13. Fulltext Antioxidative and cardioprotective properties of anthocyanins from defatted dabai extracts
    Khoo HE, Azlan A, Nurulhuda MH, Ismail A, Abas F, Hamid M, et al.
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013;2013:434057.
    PMID: 24368926 DOI: 10.1155/2013/434057
    This study aimed to determine anthocyanins and their antioxidative and cardioprotective properties in defatted dabai parts. Anthocyanins in crude extracts and extract fractions of defatted dabai peel and pericarp were quantified using UHPLC, while their antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress inhibition ability were evaluated by using DPPH and CUPRAC assays as well as linoleic acid oxidation system, hemoglobin oxidation, and PARP-1 inhibition ELISA. Cardioprotective effect of the defatted dabai peel extract was evaluated using hypercholesterolemic-induced New Zealand white rabbits. Six anthocyanins were detected in the defatted dabai peel, with the highest antioxidant capacities and oxidative stress inhibition effect compared to the other part. The defatted dabai peel extract has also inhibited lipid peroxidation (plasma MDA) and elevated cellular antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) in the tested animal model. Major anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-glucoside) and other anthocyanins (pelargonidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, and peonidin-3-glucoside) detected in the defatted dabai peel are potential future nutraceuticals with promising medicinal properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures
  14. Assessment of antioxidant activity in Victorian marine algal extracts using high performance thin-layer chromatography and multivariate analysis
    Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Morton DW, Ristivojević P
    J Chromatogr A, 2016 Oct 14;1468:228-235.
    PMID: 27670751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.041
    The aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and simple high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method to screen for antioxidant activity in algal samples. 16 algal species were collected from local Victorian beaches. Fucoxanthin, one of the most abundant marine carotenoids was quantified directly from the HPTLC plates before derivatization, while derivatization either with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) or ferric chloride (FeCl3) was used to analyze antioxidants in marine algae, based on their ability to scavenge non biological stable free radical (DPPH) or to chelate iron ions. Principal component analysis of obtained HPTLC fingerprints has classified algae species into 5 groups according to their chemical/antioxidant profiles. The investigated brown algae samples were found to be rich in non-and moderate-polar compounds and phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Most of the phenolic iron chelators also have shown free radical scavenging activity. Strong positive and significant correlations between total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity showed that, phenolic compounds, including flavonoids are the main contributors of antioxidant activity in these species. The results suggest that certain brown algae possess significantly higher antioxidant potential when compared to red or green algae and could be considered for future applications in medicine, dietary supplements, cosmetics or food industries. Cystophora monilifera extract was found to have the highest antioxidant concentration, followed by Zonaria angustata, Cystophora pectinate, Codium fragile, and Cystophora pectinata. Fucoxanthin was found mainly in the brown algae species. The proposed methods provide an edge in terms of screening for antioxidants and quantification of antioxidant constituents in complex mixtures. The current application also demonstrates flexibility and versatility of a standard HPTLC system in the drug discovery. Proposed methods could be used for the bioassay-guided isolation of unknown natural antioxidants and subsequent identification if combined with spectroscopic identification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures/chemistry*
  15. Fulltext Assessment of antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of saponin and crude extracts of Chlorophytum borivilianum
    Ashraf MF, Abd Aziz M, Stanslas J, Ismail I, Abdul Kadir M
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:216894.
    PMID: 24223502 DOI: 10.1155/2013/216894
    The present paper focused on antioxidant and cytotoxicity assessment of crude and total saponin fraction of Chlorophytum borivilianum as an important medicinal plant. In this study, three different antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH), ferrous ion chelating (FIC), and β -carotene bleaching (BCB) activity) of crude extract and total saponin fraction of C. borivilianum tubers were performed. Crude extract was found to possess higher free radical scavenging activity (ascorbic acid equivalents 2578 ± 111 mg AA/100 g) and bleaching activity (IC50 = 0.7 mg mL(-1)), while total saponin fraction displayed higher ferrous ion chelating (EC50 = 1 mg mL(-1)). Cytotoxicity evaluation of crude extract and total saponin fraction against MCF-7, PC3, and HCT-116 cancer cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay indicated a higher cytotoxicity activity of the crude extract than the total saponin fraction on all cell lines, being most effective and selective on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures/toxicity*
  16. Fulltext Authentication of Nigella sativa seed oil in binary and ternary mixtures with corn oil and soybean oil using FTIR spectroscopy coupled with partial least square
    Rohman A, Ariani R
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:740142.
    PMID: 24319381 DOI: 10.1155/2013/740142
    Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with multivariate calibration of partial least square (PLS) was developed and optimized for the analysis of Nigella seed oil (NSO) in binary and ternary mixtures with corn oil (CO) and soybean oil (SO). Based on PLS modeling performed, quantitative analysis of NSO in binary mixtures with CO carried out using the second derivative FTIR spectra at combined frequencies of 2977-3028, 1666-1739, and 740-1446 cm(-1) revealed the highest value of coefficient of determination (R (2), 0.9984) and the lowest value of root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC, 1.34% v/v). NSO in binary mixtures with SO is successfully determined at the combined frequencies of 2985-3024 and 752-1755 cm(-1) using the first derivative FTIR spectra with R (2) and RMSEC values of 0.9970 and 0.47% v/v, respectively. Meanwhile, the second derivative FTIR spectra at the combined frequencies of 2977-3028 cm(-1), 1666-1739 cm(-1), and 740-1446 cm(-1) were selected for quantitative analysis of NSO in ternary mixture with CO and SO with R (2) and RMSEC values of 0.9993 and 0.86% v/v, respectively. The results showed that FTIR spectrophotometry is an accurate technique for the quantitative analysis of NSO in binary and ternary mixtures with CO and SO.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures/analysis
  17. Fulltext Bioactive Proteins in Channa striata Promote Wound Healing through Angiogenesis and Cell Proliferation
    Kwan SH, Abdul Aziz NHK, Ismail MN
    Protein Pept Lett, 2020;27(1):48-59.
    PMID: 31362651 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190730121711
    BACKGROUND: Channa striata are speculated to contain bioactive proteins with the ability to enhancing wound healing. It is commonly consumed after surgery for a faster recovery of the wound.

    OBJECTIVE: To identify the bioactive proteins and evaluate their ability in cell proliferation and angiogenesis promotion.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Freeze-Dried Water Extracts (FDWE) and Spray-Dried Water Extracts (SDWE) of C. striata were tested with MTT assay using EA.hy926 endothelial cell line and ex-vivo aortic ring assay. Later the proteins were fractionated and analysed using an LC-QTOF mass spectrometer. The data generated were matched with human gene database for protein similarity and pathway identification.

    RESULTS: Both samples have shown positive cell proliferation and pro-angiogenic activity. Four essential proteins/genes were identified, which are collagen type XI, actin 1, myosin light chain and myosin heavy chain. The pathways discovered that related to these proteins are integrin pathway, Slit-Robo signalling pathway and immune response C-C Chemokine Receptor-3 signalling pathway in eosinophils, which contribute towards wound healing mechanism.

    CONCLUSIONS: The results presented have demonstrated that C. striata FDWE and SDWE protein fractions contain bioactive proteins that are highly similar to human proteins and thus could be involved in the wound healing process via specific biological pathways.

    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures/metabolism; Complex Mixtures/chemistry*
  18. Fulltext Biodiscovery of Potential Antibacterial Diagnostic Metabolites from the Endolichenic Fungus Xylaria venustula Using LC-MS-Based Metabolomics
    Santiago KAA, Edrada-Ebel R, Dela Cruz TEE, Cheow YL, Ting ASY
    Biology (Basel), 2021 Mar 04;10(3).
    PMID: 33806264 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030191
    Three species of the lichen Usnea (U. baileyi (Stirt.) Zahlbr., U. bismolliuscula Zahlbr. and U. pectinata Stirt.) and nine associated endolichenic fungi (ELF) were evaluated using a metabolomics approach. All investigated lichen crude extracts afforded antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.0625 mg/mL), but none was observed against Escherichia coli, while the ELF extract Xylaria venustula was found to be the most active against S. aureus (MIC: 2.5 mg/mL) and E. coli (MIC: 5 mg/mL). X. venustula was fractionated and tested for to determine its antibacterial activity. Fractions XvFr1 to 5 displayed bioactivities against both test bacteria. Selected crude extracts and fractions were subjected to metabolomics analyses using high-resolution LC-MS. Multivariate analyses showed the presence of five secondary metabolites unique to bioactive fractions XvFr1 to 3, which were identified as responsible for the antibacterial activity of X. venustula. The p-values of these metabolites were at the margin of significance level, with methyl xylariate C (P_60) being the most significant. However, their high variable importance of projection (VIP) scores (>5) suggest these metabolites are potential diagnostic metabolites for X. venustula for "dual" bioactivity against S. aureus and E. coli. The statistical models also showed the distinctiveness of metabolites produced by lichens and ELF, thus supporting our hypotheses of ELF functionality similar to plant endophytes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures
  19. Fulltext Characteristics of threadfin bream (nemipterus japonicas) hydrolysate produced using bilimbi (averrhoa bilimbi l.) protease and alcalase
    Normah, I., Nur Anati, J.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(6):2259-2266.
    MyJurnal
    Threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicas) muscle was hydrolysed using protease extracted from
    bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) fruit. This study was performed in order to compare the efficiency of bilimbi protease in producing threadfin bream protein hydrolysate with the commercial protease; alcalase 2.4 L. Initially, protease was extracted and then purified using 40% ammonium sulfate precipitation method. The proteolytic activity of the crude extract and purified protease was determined. Precipitation using 40% ammonium sulfate resulted in bilimbi protease specific activity of 2.36 U/mg and 23.13% recovery. Threadfin bream hydrolysate was prepared based on the pH-stat method by hydrolysis for 2 hrs. Hydrolysis using bilimbi protease produced 34.76% degree of hydrolysis (DH) and 3.75% yield while hydrolysis using alcalase resulted in 86.6% DH with 22.78% yield. Alcalase hydrolysate showed higher solubility than bilimbi protease hydrolysate at pH 7 with 70.87 and 32.16% solubility, respectively. Results also showed that protein content of threadfin bream hydrolysate produced using alcalase was higher (86.86%) than those produced using bilimbi protease (22.12%). However, both hydrolysates showed low moisture content between 3.93 to 7.00%. The molecular weight distribution analysis using SDS–PAGE indicated the distribution of smaller peptides especially in alcalase hydrolysate. Overall, the results showed that alcalase is more efficient enzyme choice than bilimbi protease for preparing threadfin bream hydrolysates. However, both hydrolysates could play an important role thus contribute to the food industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures
  20. Fulltext Characterization and purification of protease extracted from two maturity stages of ‘noni’ (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit
    Normah Ismail, Nurulain Abd Razak
    Scientific Research Journal, 2014;11(2):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Protease was extracted from two maturity stages of noni fruits (Morinda citrifolia L.), unripe (stage 1) and ripe (stage 5). The crude extract was partially purified by acetone precipitation method followed by dialysis, gel filtration chromatography and freeze drying. Protein concentrations, proteolytic activity, molecular weight distribution, pH stability, temperature stability and storage efficiency of the resulting protease were evaluated. The unripe and ripe noni fruit contains 0.65 and 0.35% protein, respectively. Molecular weight of the proteases from both stages ranged approximately between 3 to 28 kDa based on the SDS-PAGE results. The optimum activity were at pH 7s and 6, temperatures of 40 and 50°C, respectively for proteases obtained from the unripe and ripe fruit. Analysis from the freeze dried protease indicated that protease from ripe noni fruits had higher protein concentration and specific activity compared to those from unripe fruit. However, it is more sensitive to pH and temperature and less stable during storage as it shows lower proteolytic activity compared to protease from unripe fruit. Based on its high proteolytic activity reaching up to 70.31 U/mg and storage stability (30% lost of activity), noni fruit could be an alternative source of plant protease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Complex Mixtures
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