Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 244 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Pseudomonas koreensis Isolated from Diseased Tor tambroides
    Kho CJY, Lau MML, Chung HH, Chew IYY, Gan HM
    Curr Microbiol, 2023 Jun 25;80(8):255.
    PMID: 37356021 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03354-5
    Unlike environmental P. koreensis isolated from soil, which has been studied extensively for its role in promoting plant growth, pathogenic P. koreensis isolated from fish has been rarely reported. Therefore, we investigated and isolated the possible pathogen that is responsible for the diseased state of Tor tambroides. Herein, we reported the morphological and biochemical characteristics, as well as whole-genome sequences of a newly identified P. koreensis strain. We assembled a high-quality draft genome of P. koreensis CM-01 with a contig N50 value of 233,601 bp and 99.5% BUSCO completeness. The genome assembly of P. koreensis CM-01 is consists of 6,171,880 bp with a G+C content of 60.5%. Annotation of the genome identified 5538 protein-coding genes, 3 rRNA genes, 54 tRNAs, and no plasmids were found. Besides these, 39 interspersed repeat and 141 tandem repeat sequences, 6 prophages, 51 genomic islands, 94 insertion sequences, 4 clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, 5 antibiotic-resistant genes, and 150 virulence genes were also predicted in the P. koreensis CM-01 genome. Culture-based approach showed that CM-01 strain exhibited resistance against ampicillin, aztreonam, clindamycin, and cefoxitin with a calculated multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value of 0.4. In addition, the assembled CM-01 genome was successfully annotated against the Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins database, Gene Ontology database, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway database. A comparative analysis of CM-01 with three representative strains of P. koreensis revealed that 92% of orthologous clusters were conserved among these four genomes, and only the CM-01 strain possesses unique elements related to pathogenicity and virulence. This study provides fundamental phenotypic and genomic information for the newly identified P. koreensis strain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics
  2. Fulltext Virulence genes detection among the antibiotic resistant enterococcus faecalis isolated from bird industry in Borneo
    Sui, Sien Leong, Lihan, Samuel, Hwa, Chuan Chia
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2020;28(2):673-687.
    MyJurnal
    The abuse of antibiotics usage in bird industry has resulted in the emerging antibiotic resistant Enterococci worldwide which has posed a threat clinically to human health. The present study was to screen and identify the potential virulence agents in antibiotic resistance E. faecalis in bird industry in Borneo. Enterococcus bacteria collected from the birds’ faeces and indoor air inside ten birdhouses were identified to species level and their antibiotic resistance was checked using antibiotic susceptibility discs. Specific primers using PCR assay were intended for the detection of four potential virulence genes (ace, AS, efaA, gelE). Out of the thirty-seven Enterococci faecal bacteria, the prevailing bacteria found were Enterococcus qallinacum (51%), Enterococcus faecalis (35%) and Enterococcus harae (8%). The airborne bacteria were reported as Enterococcus faecalis (5%) and Enterococcus qallinacum (1%). Twenty-seven percent of isolates were reported to have Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index ≥ 0.2 with 9 distinct resistance patterns formed. E. faecalis showed higher resistance to vancomycin. Virulence genes were successfully reported in the 15 E. faecalis isolates. Sixty-seven percent of isolates were detected positive for four virulence genes, 27% possessed three (AS, efaA, gelE) genes and 6% possessed two (ace, AS) genes. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes detection were significantly correlated. These virulence genes or antibiotic resistance genes were important in the pathogenesis of E. faecalis infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  3. Fulltext Vibrio vulnificus: An Environmental and Clinical Burden
    Heng SP, Letchumanan V, Deng CY, Ab Mutalib NS, Khan TM, Chuah LH, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2017;8:997.
    PMID: 28620366 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00997
    Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram negative, rod shaped bacterium that belongs to the family Vibrionaceae. It is a deadly, opportunistic human pathogen which is responsible for the majority of seafood-associated deaths worldwide. V. vulnificus infection can be fatal as it may cause severe wound infections potentially requiring amputation or lead to sepsis in susceptible individuals. Treatment is increasingly challenging as V. vulnificus has begun to develop resistance against certain antibiotics due to their indiscriminate use. This article aims to provide insight into the antibiotic resistance of V. vulnificus in different parts of the world as well as an overall review of its clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention. Understanding the organism's antibiotic resistance profile is vital in order to select appropriate treatment and initiate appropriate prevention measures to treat and control V. vulnificus infections, which should eventually help lower the mortality rate associated with this pathogen worldwide.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  4. Fulltext Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis isolation from cervical secretions of pregnant women and nasopharyngeal secretions of their babies at delivery
    Chua KB, Ngeow YF, Ng KB, Chye JK, Lim CT
    Singapore Med J, 1998 Jul;39(7):300-2.
    PMID: 9885690
    A prospective study was carried out at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur to determine the cervical carriage rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis among healthy pregnant women at delivery and the incidence of nasopharyngeal colonisation among their infants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  5. Update on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection, including drug-resistant organisms
    Goh KL
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2002 Apr;17(4):482-7.
    PMID: 11982731
    Helicobacter pylori infection has many different clinical outcomes. Not all infected persons need to be treated. Therefore, indications for treatment have to be clear, and several consensus guidelines have been formulated to aid the medical practitioner in this decision-making process. Triple therapy with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin is the established treatment of choice. For patients with penicillin hypersensitivity, metronidazole can be substituted for amoxicillin. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a major factor adversely affecting treatment success. Resistance to metronidazole has been reported in up to 80%, and resistance to clarithromycin in 2-10% of strains cultured. Resistance to either one of the antibiotics has been reported to result in a drop in efficacy of up to 50%. Emergence of resistance to both metronidazole and clarithromycin following failed therapy is a cause for concern; this underlines the need to use the best available first-line therapy. To avoid the emergence of resistance to both key antibiotics, the combination of metronidazole and clarithromycin should be avoided where possible. For failed treatment, several strategies can be employed. These include ensuring better compliance with repeat therapy, and maximizing the efficacy of repeat treatment by increasing dosage and duration of treatment, as well as altering the choice of drugs. Quadruple therapy incorporating a bismuth compound with a PPI, tetracycline and metronidazole has been a popular choice as a "rescue" therapy. Ranitidine bismuth citrate has been shown to be able to overcome metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance; it may be a useful compound drug to use in place of a PPI in "rescue" therapies. In the case of persistent treatment failures, it is useful to consider repeating gastroscopy and obtaining tissue for culture, and then prescribe antibiotics according to bacterial susceptibility patterns. It is also important in refractory cases to review the original indication for treatment and determine the importance of the indication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  6. Fulltext University students' knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding antibiotic use and associated factors: a cross-sectional study in the United Arab Emirates
    Jairoun A, Hassan N, Ali A, Jairoun O, Shahwan M, Hassali M
    Int J Gen Med, 2019;12:235-246.
    PMID: 31388309 DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S200641
    Purpose: Antibiotic resistance is one of the world's most fatal health crises. Medical students are the antibiotic prescribers of tomorrow, so better understanding of their knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) pertaining to antibiotic use is crucial. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the KAP of antibiotics and associated factors among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among a random sample of undergraduate students from Ajman University in the UAE. A self-administered pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on students' demographics and their KAP regarding antibiotic use. Data were analysed using STATA version 14.2. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: This study showed that university students have a high rate of antibiotic self-medication. The average KAP score was 56% (95% CI 55%-57%). Statistical modeling showed that major, study year, age, and sex were strong determinants of KAP regarding antibiotic use. Conclusion: There is a need to develop an effective and comprehensive antibiotic-stewardship program as part of undergraduate education. Moreover, reinforcing antibiotic-use policies, involving pharmacies, drug supply, distribution, and sale, are also urgently needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  7. Fulltext Understanding of antibiotic use and resistance among final-year pharmacy and medical students: a pilot study
    Jamshed SQ, Elkalmi R, Rajiah K, Al-Shami AK, Shamsudin SH, Siddiqui MJ, et al.
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2014;8(6):780-5.
    PMID: 24916878 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.3833
    This study is aimed to investigate the understanding of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance and its correlate factors among final-year medical and pharmacy students at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial*
  8. Fulltext Underestimation of co-infections in COVID-19 due to non-discriminatory use of antibiotics
    Chang CY, Chan KG
    J Infect, 2020 Sep;81(3):e29-e30.
    PMID: 32628960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.077
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  9. Typhoid fever--important issues still remain
    Pang T, Levine MM, Ivanoff B, Wain J, Finlay BB
    Trends Microbiol., 1998 Apr;6(4):131-3.
    PMID: 9587187
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  10. Typhoid fever and other salmonellosis: a continuing challenge
    Pang T, Bhutta ZA, Finlay BB, Altwegg M
    Trends Microbiol., 1995 Jul;3(7):253-5.
    PMID: 7551636
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  11. Treatment of 164 patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis by pneumonectomy in a developing country
    Snelling MR, Kam CM
    Tubercle, 1968 Jun;49(2):187-91.
    PMID: 5664317
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  12. Fulltext Treatment failure of falciparum malaria with Fansidar in Tawau Sabah. January-June, 1982
    Tan HS, Tan PE
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Sep;38(3):217-23.
    PMID: 6369092
    One hundred and ten consecutive patients with falciparum malaria were treated with Fansidar and primaquine. Of the 61 patients who were followed up at one week, 4 (6.5%) failed to clear their parasitemia (1 R III and 3 R Il treatment failures). Of the subsequent 40 patients who were seen again at one month, another 3 (7.5%) had recrudesced (R 1 treatment failure). A total of 7 patients thus experienced some form of treatment failure in the cohort of 40 who completed the one month follow up. Only 1 of these 7patients (with R III treatment) failure) failed to respond to repeat Fansidar treatment, and may be the only one with true Fansidar resistance. The overall treatment failure rate of 17.5% (95% confidence interval: 6-29%) in the cohort who completed the study is consistent with the known clinical efficacy of Fansidar. These results suggest no significant Fansidar resistance in falciparum malaria found in Sabah.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  13. Fulltext Transferable antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in Malaysia
    Khor SY, Jegathesan M
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Mar;38(1):19-22.
    PMID: 6633328
    Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical sources were examined for antibiotic resistance and the ability to transfer resistance to Escherichia coli. Twenty-nine out of 80 strains tested transferred part or all oftheir resistance genes. The strains carrying R plasmids included the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Providencia and Citrobacter. These results indicate that R plasmids possibly play a major role in the emergence of antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  14. Fulltext Transcriptional profiles of the response of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to pentacyclic triterpenoids
    Chung PY, Chung LY, Navaratnam P
    PLoS One, 2013;8(2):e56687.
    PMID: 23437212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056687
    Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen in both hospital and the community that has demonstrated resistance to all currently available antibiotics over the last two decades. Multidrug-resistant isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) exhibiting decreased susceptibilities to glycopeptides has also emerged, representing a crucial challenge for antimicrobial therapy and infection control. The availability of complete whole-genome nucleotide sequence data of various strains of S. aureus presents an opportunity to explore novel compounds and their targets to address the challenges presented by antimicrobial drug resistance in this organism. Study compounds α-amyrin [3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-3-ol (AM)], betulinic acid [3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupaene-28-oic acid (BA)] and betulinaldehyde [3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-al (BE)] belong to pentacyclic triterpenoids and were reported to exhibit antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi, including S. aureus. The MIC values of these compounds against a reference strain of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (ATCC 43300) ranged from 64 µg/ml to 512 µg/ml. However, the response mechanisms of S. aureus to these compounds are still poorly understood. The transcription profile of reference strain of MRSA treated with sub-inhibitory concentrations of the three compounds was determined using Affymetrix GeneChips. The findings showed that these compounds regulate multiple desirable targets in cell division, two-component system, ABC transporters, fatty acid biosynthesis, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, ribosome and β-lactam resistance pathways which could be further explored in the development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of S. aureus infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial/drug effects
  15. Tigecycline resistance may be associated with dysregulated response to stress in Mycobacterium abscessus
    Ng HF, Ngeow YF, Yap SF, Zin T, Tan JL
    Int J Med Microbiol, 2019 Nov 18.
    PMID: 31784213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.151380
    Previously, we characterized 7C, a laboratory-derived tigecycline-resistant mutant of Mycobacterium abscessus ATCC 19977, and found that the resistance was conferred by a mutation in MAB_3542c, which encodes an RshA-like protein. In M. tuberculosis, RshA is an anti-sigma factor that negatively regulates the SigH-dependent heat/oxidative stress response. We hypothesized that this mutation in 7C might dysregulate the stress response which has been generally linked to antibiotic resistance. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by subjecting 7C to transcriptomic dissection using RNA sequencing. We found an over-expression of genes encoding the SigH ortholog, chaperones and oxidoreductases. In line with these findings, 7C demonstrated better survival against heat shock when compared to the wild-type ATCC 19977. Another interesting observation from the RNA-Seq analysis was the down-regulation of ribosomal protein-encoding genes. This highlights the possibility of ribosomal conformation changes which could negatively affect the binding of tigecycline to its target, leading to phenotypic resistance. We also demonstrated that transient resistance to tigecycline could be induced in the ATCC 19977 by elevated temperature. Taken together, these findings suggest that dysregulated stress response may be associated with tigecycline resistance in M. abscessus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  16. Therapeutic challenges in the era of antibiotic resistance
    Lee C
    Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2008 Dec;32 Suppl 4:S197-9.
    PMID: 19134519 DOI: 10.1016/S0924-8579(09)70002-0
    Multidrug microbial resistance poses major challenges to the management of infection, particularly with the paucity of new drugs with activity against these bacteria. Since the turn of this century a few new antibiotics have been licensed, including linezolid, daptomycin and tigecycline. This supplement reports data presented at the 13th International Congress of Infectious Diseases held in Kuala Lumpur in June 2008. Dr R. Isturiz reviews the data on global resistance trends and the potential impact on empirical therapy; Dr J.-H. Song reviews new agents on the antimicrobial horizon; and the final paper in the supplement, by Dr L.R. Peterson, reviews the role of tigecycline in the management of complicated intra-abdominal and skin and soft tissue infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial*
  17. Fulltext The use of cefotaxime in serious and problem surgical infections
    Balasegaram M, Devanand MR, Singh B
    Med J Malaysia, 1980 Sep;35(1):68-72.
    PMID: 6265744
    Cefotaxime [HR 756], a third generation cephalosporin with pronounced antibacterial activity
    against the Enterobacteriaceae, was assessed in serious and problem antibiotic resistant infection. Good clinical success was achieved without observed untoward effects. The study suggests that due to its properties, cefotaxime could be used as a first-line antibiotic provided that the clinical situation warrants the use of a cephalosporin or aminoglycoside.
    Key words - cefotaxime [HR 756], serious surgical infection, antibiotic resistant infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  18. The sensitivity of staphylococci to antibiotics
    Puthucheary SD, Chen ST, Dugdale AE
    Med J Malaya, 1972 Jun;26(4):262-5.
    PMID: 5069415
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  19. Fulltext The relationship between bacterial sources and genotype to the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Burkholderia pseudomallei
    Sadiq MA, Hassan L, Aziz SA, Zakaria Z, Musa HI, Amin MM
    Vet World, 2018 Nov;11(10):1404-1408.
    PMID: 30532493 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1404-1408
    Background: Melioidosis is a fatal emerging infectious disease of both man and animal caused by bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei. Variations were suggested to have existed among the different B. pseudomallei clinical strains/genotypes which may implicate bacterial susceptibility and resistance toward antibiotics.

    Aim: This study was designed to determine whether the phenotypic antibiotic resistance pattern of B. pseudomallei is associated with the source of isolates and the genotype.

    Materials and Methods: A collection of 111 B. pseudomallei isolates from veterinary cases of melioidosis and the environments (soil and water) were obtained from stock cultures of previous studies and were phylogenetically characterized by multilocus sequence typing (ST). The susceptibility to five antibiotics, namely meropenem (MEM), imipenem, ceftazidime (CAZ), cotrimoxazole (SXT), and co-amoxiclav (AMC), recommended in both acute and eradication phases of melioidosis treatment were tested using minimum inhibitory concentration antibiotics susceptibility test.

    Results: Majority of isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested while few resistant strains to MEM, SXT, CAZ, and AMC were observed. Statistically significant association was found between resistance to MEM and the veterinary clinical isolates (p<0.05). The likelihood of resistance to MEM was significantly higher among the novel ST 1130 isolates found in veterinary cases as compared to others.

    Conclusion: The resistance to MEM and SXT appeared to be higher among veterinary isolates, and the novel ST 1130 was more likely to be resistant to MEM as compared to others.

    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial
  20. The patterns and transmissibility of antibiotic resistance among clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    Palillo ES, Salleh MA
    Microbiol. Immunol., 1992;36(11):1195-200.
    PMID: 1491621
    Four hundred and ninety-eight predominantly pyocin-type 10 clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed for resistance to carbenicillin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, amikacin and netilmicin. Based on NCCLS-recommended MIC breakpoints, 245 strains were found to be resistant, of which 41.6% were resistant to carbenicillin, 38% to gentamicin, 37.8% to netilmicin, 26.3% to cefoperazone, 17.9% to cefotaxime, 0.6% to amikacin and none to ceftazidime. Quadruple resistance to carbenicillin, cefoperazone, gentamicin and netilmicin was the most frequent pattern observed. Resistance to older antibiotics (kanamycin, streptomycin and tetracycline) and to mercuric chloride were also common. Conjugation experiments suggested that self-transmissible and non-transmissible plasmids occurred in at least 66 strains.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics*
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links