Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 5093 in total

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  1. "Catapres in the management of hypertension"
    Singh N, Menon V
    Med J Malaysia, 1975 Mar;30(3):209-13.
    PMID: 1160681
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/drug therapy*
  2. Fulltext "Discovery to treatment" window in patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis
    Loh LC, Codati A, Jamil M, Noor ZM, Vijayasingham P
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60(3):314-9.
    PMID: 16379186
    Delay in commencing treatment in patients diagnosed with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) may promote the spread of PTB in the community. Socio-demographic and clinical data from 169 patients (119 retrospectively and 50 prospectively collected) treated for smear-positive PTB in our hospital Chest Clinic from June 2002 to February 2003 were analysed. One hundred and fifty eight (93.5%) patients were started on treatment in less than 7 days from the time when the report first became available while 11 (6.5%) patients had their treatment started > or = 7 days. The median 'discovery to treatment' window was 1 day (range, 0 to 24 days). Of the factors studied, longevity of symptoms, absence of fever or night sweats and having sought traditional medicine were associated with delay in treatment commencement. The urgency and importance of anti-TB treatment should be emphasized especially to patients who are inclined towards treatment with traditional medicine.
    Keywords: Smear positive, pulmonary tuberculosis, treatment delay, traditional medicine, Malaysia, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy*; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/drug therapy
  3. "Fleshy" Skin Cellulitis: A Triggering Factor for ANCA Associated Vasculitis
    Yang SC, Mustafar R, Kamaruzaman L, Wei Yen K, Mohd R, Cader R
    Acta Med Indones, 2019 Oct;51(4):338-343.
    PMID: 32041918
    A 59-year-old lady with underlying hypothyroidism presented with acute contact dermatitis progressed to cellulitis with superimposed bacterial infection and acute kidney injury. She responded to initial management with antibiotics, but a week later, she had cutaneous and systemic vasculitis. Her skin biopsy consistent with immune-mediated leuko-cytoclastic vasculitis and her blood test was positive for cytoplasmic-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (c-ANCA). A diagnosis of ANCA-associated vasculitis was made and she was treated with immunosuppressant with plasmapheresis and hemodialysis support for her kidney failure. Despite aggressive measures, the patient succumbed to her illness. This case report demonstrates that soft tissue infection could trigger the development of ANCA-associated vasculitis whilst a background of hypothyroidism serves as a predisposing factor as both condition were reported separately in a couple of case studies before.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/drug therapy
  4. "Mummy, my eyelids are heavy": A case series of juvenile myasthenia gravis
    Krishna L, Abdul Jalil NF, Lott PW, Singh S, Choo MM
    Eur J Ophthalmol, 2021 Mar;31(2):NP119-NP122.
    PMID: 31390886 DOI: 10.1177/1120672119867605
    PURPOSE: To report three cases of juvenile myasthenia gravis aged between 18 and 24 months with ocular symptoms as their first presentation.

    METHOD: A case series.

    RESULTS: We present a case series of juvenile myasthenia gravis in a tertiary centre in Malaysia. Two of the three cases consist of a pair of twins who presented with ptosis of bilateral eyes; the first twin presented 4 months later than the second twin. These two cases were positive for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies and had generalized myasthenia gravis, whereas the other case was negative for receptor antibodies and was purely ocular myasthenia gravis.

    CONCLUSION: Juvenile myasthenia gravis is relatively rare in toddlers. Early diagnosis and commencement of treatment is important to slow the progression of the disease and avoiding life-threatening events.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blepharoptosis/drug therapy; Diseases in Twins/drug therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Myasthenia Gravis/drug therapy
  5. Fulltext "Nature cures:" An alternative herbal formulation as a denture cleanser
    Sushma R, Sathe TT, Farias A, Sanyal PK, Kiran S
    Ann Afr Med, 2017;16(1):6-12.
    PMID: 28300045 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_43_16
    BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is one of the microorganisms which harbor the oral cavity, especially in elderly. However, the incidence of existence of this increases in patients using removable dental prosthesis. There is therefore a need to test the anticandidal efficacy of these cost-effective, easily available products to be used as routine denture cleansers.

    AIM AND OBJECTIVES: (1) To evaluate antifungal properties of triphala churna on the heat cure denture base material. (2) To evaluate the antifungal effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on the heat cure denture base material. (3) To compare the antifungal effect of triphala churna and chlorhexidine gluconate with a control. (4) To evaluate which among triphala churna and chlorhexidine gluconate has a better antifungal property on the heat cure denture base material.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study population consisted of sixty dentures wearers from those attending the Outpatient Department of Prosthodontics of the School of Dentistry, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad. Swabs were collected from the dentures before and after the use of triphala and chlorhexidine. The swabs were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and the total Candida counts were determined.

    CONCLUSION: Triphala as an antifungal is shown to have more efficacy than the conventional chlorhexidine mouthwash. Résumé Arrière-plan: Candida albicans est l'un des micro-organismes qui abritent la cavité buccale surtout chez les personnes âgées. Cependant, l'incidence de l'existence de cette augmentation chez les patients utilisant des prothèses dentaires amovibles. Il est donc nécessaire de tester l'efficacité anticancédique de ces produits rentables et faciles à utiliser pour être utilisés comme nettoyants de routine pour prothèses dentaires. Buts et Objectifs: (1) Évaluer les propriétés antifongiques de Triphala churna sur le matériau de base de la prothèse thermo-durcissable. (2) Évaluer l'effet antifongique du gluconate de chlorhexidine sur le matériau de base de la prothèse thermo-durcissable. (3) Comparer l'effet antifongique de Triphala churna et du gluconate de chlorhexidine avec un témoin. (4) Évaluer lequel parmi Triphala churna et le gluconate de chlorhexidine a une meilleure propriété antifongique sur le matériel de base de la prothèse de durcissement à chaud. Matériaux et Méthode: La population de l'étude était constituée de soixante porteurs de prothèses dentaires de ceux qui fréquentaient le Département de Prosthodontie de l'École des Sciences Dentaires de l'Institut Krishna des Sciences Médicales de l'Université de Karad. Des prélèvements ont été effectués sur les prothèses avant et après l'utilisation de Triphala et de chlorhexidine. On a cultivé les écouvillons sur de l'agar Sabouraud dextrose et on a déterminé le nombre total de candida.

    CONCLUSION: Triphala comme un anti fongique est démontré pour avoir plus d'efficacité que le lavage de la bouche classique chlorhexidine.

    Matched MeSH terms: Candidiasis/drug therapy*
  6. "Pre-emptive strike"-the case for early treatment of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome with defibrotide
    Rajagopal R, Phillips MB, Gottardo NG
    Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2018 07;65(7):e27036.
    PMID: 29537138 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27036
    The initial signs of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) can be challenging to recognize in children, especially outside the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation setting. To assist clinicians to promptly identify HSOS, the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation has proposed pediatric HSOS diagnostic criteria which emphasize unexplained consumptive and transfusion-refractory thrombocytopenia. To highlight the importance of these "bellwether" early signs of HSOS and the efficacy of pre-emptive treatment with defibrotide, we describe the case of a child with a right 11th rib primitive neuroectodermal tumor who developed HSOS following focal radiotherapy and actinomycin-D treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease/drug therapy*
  7. "Preliminary report of the beneficial effect of chloromycetin in the treatment of typhoid fever"--a commentary
    Basnyat B
    Wilderness Environ Med, 2004;15(3):216-7.
    PMID: 16331874
    Matched MeSH terms: Typhoid Fever/drug therapy
  8. Fulltext "Why do I always see double?" A misdiagnosed case of ocular myasthenia gravis for 10 years
    Yousuf UA, Yashodhara BM, Thanigasalam T, Ting HS
    BMJ Case Rep, 2014 May 02;2014.
    PMID: 24792021 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-203488
    A 58-year-old man presented with diplopia and partial ptosis for 10 years. It was non-progressive in nature, despite inadequate medical attention the patient received from non-specialists/general practitioners. He did not have fatigability or diurnal variation in weakness and was clinically stable without exacerbations of disease for a decade. He did not have features of Graves's disease, oculopharyngeal dystrophy, cranial nerve paralysis, polymyositis and stroke. The possibility of an atypical presentation of myasthenia gravis (MG) was considered and the patient was evaluated. Ice pack test was negative, Cogan's lid twitch (CLT) test was positive and high titres of acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AChR Ab) suggestive of MG were found. He was treated accordingly with a very good response.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blepharoptosis/drug therapy; Diplopia/drug therapy; Myasthenia Gravis/drug therapy
  9. 'Targeting the feast of a sleeping beast': Nutrient and mineral dependencies of encysted Acanthamoeba castellanii
    Baig AM, Khan NA, Katyara P, Lalani S, Baig R, Nadeem M, et al.
    Chem Biol Drug Des, 2021 01;97(1):18-27.
    PMID: 32602961 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13755
    Acanthamoeba spp. cause a corneal infection, Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), and a cerebral infection, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Though aggressive chemotherapy has been able to kill the active trophozoite form of Acanthamoeba, the encysted form of this parasite has remained problematic to resist physiological concentrations of drugs. The emergence of encysted amoeba into active trophozoite form poses a challenge to eradicate this parasite. Acanthamoeba trophozoites have active metabolic machinery that furnishes energy in the form of ATPs by subjecting carbohydrates and lipids to undergo pathways including glycolysis and beta-oxidation of free fatty acids, respectively. However, very little is known about the metabolic preferences and dependencies of an encysted trophozoite on minerals or potential nutrients that it consumes to live in an encysted state. Here, we investigate the metabolic and nutrient preferences of the encysted trophozoite of Acanthamoeba castellanii and the possibility to target them by drugs that act on calcium ion dependencies of the encysted amoeba. The experimental assays, immunostaining coupled with bioinformatics tools show that the encysted Acanthamoeba uses diverse nutrient pathways to obtain energy in the quiescent encysted state. These findings highlight potential pathways that can be targeted in eradicating amoebae cysts successfully.
    Matched MeSH terms: Keratitis/drug therapy
  10. Fulltext (6E,10E) Isopolycerasoidol and (6E,10E) Isopolycerasoidol Methyl Ester, Prenylated Benzopyran Derivatives from Pseuduvaria monticola Induce Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells
    Taha H, Looi CY, Arya A, Wong WF, Yap LF, Hasanpourghadi M, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(5):e0126126.
    PMID: 25946039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126126
    Phytochemicals from Pseuduvaria species have been reported to display a wide range of biological activities. In the present study, a known benzopyran derivative, (6E,10E) isopolycerasoidol (1), and a new benzopyran derivative, (6E,10E) isopolycerasoidol methyl ester (2), were isolated from a methanol extract of Pseuduvaria monticola leaves. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV, and LCMS-QTOF, and by comparison with previously published data. The anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of these compounds on human breast cancer cell-lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and a human normal breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) were investigated. MTT results revealed both (1) and (2) were efficient in reducing cell viability of breast cancer cells. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that (1) and (2) induced cell death via apoptosis, as demonstrated by an increase in phosphotidylserine exposure. Both compounds elevated ROS production, leading to reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increased plasma membrane permeability in breast cancer cells. These effects occurred concomitantly with a dose-dependent activation of caspase 3/7 and 9, a down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 and the accumulation of p38 MAPK in the nucleus. Taken together, our data demonstrate that (1) and (2) induce intrinsic mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells, which provides the first pharmacological evidence for their future development as anticancer agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy*; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  11. Fulltext (R)-Salbutamol Improves Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Dermatitis by Regulating the Th17/Tregs Balance and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism
    Liu F, Wang S, Liu B, Wang Y, Tan W
    Cells, 2020 02 24;9(2).
    PMID: 32102363 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020511
    Psoriasis is a skin disease that is characterized by a high degree of inflammation caused by immune dysfunction. (R)-salbutamol is a bronchodilator for asthma and was reported to alleviate immune system reactions in several diseases. In this study, using imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse psoriasis-like dermatitis model, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of (R)-salbutamol in psoriasis in vivo, and explored the metabolic pathway involved. The results showed that, compared with IMQ group, (R)-salbutamol treatment significantly ameliorated psoriasis, reversed the suppressive effects of IMQ on differentiation, extreme keratinocyte proliferation, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) showed that (R)-salbutamol markedly reduced the plasma levels of IL-17. Cell analysis using flow cytometry showed that (R)-salbutamol decreased the proportion of CD4+ Th17+ T cells (Th17), whereas it increased the percentage of CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleens. (R)-salbutamol also decreased the weight ratio of spleen to body. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics showed that (R)-salbutamol affected three metabolic pathways, including (i) arachidonic acid metabolism, (ii) sphingolipid metabolism, and (iii) glycerophospholipid metabolism. These results demonstrated that (R)-salbutamol can alleviate IMQ-induced psoriasis through regulating Th17/Tregs cell response and glycerophospholipid metabolism. It may provide a new use of (R)-salbutamol in the management of psoriasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy*; Psoriasis/drug therapy*
  12. 1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate inhibits NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation via mitochondrial ROS suppression
    Sok SPM, Ori D, Wada A, Okude H, Kawasaki T, Momota M, et al.
    Int Immunol, 2021 06 18;33(7):373-386.
    PMID: 33830232 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab016
    The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing (NLRP) 3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that triggers Caspase-1-mediated IL-1β production and pyroptosis, and its dysregulation is associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. 1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) is a natural compound in the rhizome of tropical ginger Alpinia species with anti-microbial, anti-allergic and anti-cancer properties. In this study, we found that ACA suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and human THP-1 monocytes. ACA inhibited Caspase-1 activation and IL-1β production by NLRP3 agonists such as nigericin, monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, and ATP. Moreover, it suppressed oligomerization of the adapter molecule, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and Caspase-1-mediated cleavage of pyroptosis executor Gasdermin D. Mechanistically, ACA inhibited generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented release of oxidized mitochondrial DNA, which trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation. ACA also prevented NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo, as evidenced in the MSU crystal-induced peritonitis and dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mouse models accompanied by decreased Caspase-1 activation. Thus, ACA is a potent inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome for prevention of NLRP3-associated inflammatory diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peritonitis/drug therapy
  13. Fulltext 1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate inhibits growth of human oral carcinoma xenograft in mice and potentiates cisplatin effect via proinflammatory microenvironment alterations
    In LL, Arshad NM, Ibrahim H, Azmi MN, Awang K, Nagoor NH
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2012;12:179.
    PMID: 23043547 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-179
    Oral cancers although preventable, possess a low five-year survival rate which has remained unchanged over the past three decades. In an attempt to find a more safe, affordable and effective treatment option, we describe here the use of 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), a component of Malaysian ginger traditionally used for various medicinal purposes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy*; Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  14. 1'S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate: a new chemotherapeutic natural compound against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
    Hasima N, Aun LI, Azmi MN, Aziz AN, Thirthagiri E, Ibrahim H, et al.
    Phytomedicine, 2010 Oct;17(12):935-9.
    PMID: 20729047 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.011
    Medicinal plants containing active natural compounds have been used as an alternative treatment for cancer patients in many parts of the world especially in Asia (Itharat et al. 2004). In this report, we describe the cytotoxic and apoptotic properties of 1'S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate (AEA), an analogue of 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), isolated from the Malaysian ethno-medicinal plant Alpinia conchigera Griff (Zingiberaceae) on human breast cancer cells. Data from MTT cell viability assays indicated that AEA induced both time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity with an IC(50) value of 14.0 μM within 36 h of treatment on MCF-7 cells, but not in HMEC normal control cells. Both annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometric analysis and DNA fragmentation assays confirmed that AEA induced cell death via apoptosis. AEA was also found to induce cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells at the G(0)/G(1) phase with no adverse cell cycle arrest effects on HMEC normal control cells. It was concluded that AEA isolated from the Malaysian tropical ginger represents a potential chemotherapeutic agent against human breast cancer cells with higher cytotoxicity potency than its analogue, ACA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  15. 1'S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate: a novel phenylpropanoid from Alpinia conchigera enhances the apoptotic effects of paclitaxel in MCF-7 cells through NF-κB inactivation
    In LL, Azmi MN, Ibrahim H, Awang K, Nagoor NH
    Anticancer Drugs, 2011 Jun;22(5):424-34.
    PMID: 21346553 DOI: 10.1097/CAD.0b013e328343cbe6
    In this study, the apoptotic mechanism and combinatorial chemotherapeutic effects of the cytotoxic phenylpropanoid compound 1'S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate (AEA), extracted from rhizomes of the Malaysian ethnomedicinal plant Alpinia conchigera Griff. (Zingiberaceae), on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were investigated for the first time. Data from cytotoxic and apoptotic assays such as live and dead and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage assays indicated that AEA was able to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, but not in normal human mammary epithelial cells. A microarray global gene expression analysis of MCF-7 cells, treated with AEA, suggested that the induction of tumor cell death through apoptosis was modulated through dysregulation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway, as shown by the reduced expression of various κB-regulated gene targets. Consequent to this, western blot analysis of proteins corresponding to the NF-κB pathway indicated that AEA inhibited phosphorylation levels of the inhibitor of κB-kinase complex, resulting in the elimination of apoptotic resistance originating from NF-κB activation. This AEA-based apoptotic modulation was elucidated for the first time in this study, and gave rise to the proposal of an NF-κB model termed the 'Switching/Alternating Model.' In addition to this, AEA was also found to synergistically enhance the proapoptotic effects of paclitaxel, when used in combination with MCF-7 cells, presumably by a chemosensitizing role. Therefore, it was concluded that AEA isolated from the Malaysian tropical ginger (A. conchigera) served as a very promising candidate for further in-vivo development in animal models and in subsequent clinical trials involving patients with breast-related malignancies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  16. 100 Questions in Livestock Helminthology Research
    Morgan ER, Aziz NA, Blanchard A, Charlier J, Charvet C, Claerebout E, et al.
    Trends Parasitol, 2019 01;35(1):52-71.
    PMID: 30477758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.10.006
    An elicitation exercise was conducted to collect and identify pressing questions concerning the study of helminths in livestock, to help guide research priorities. Questions were invited from the research community in an inclusive way. Of 385 questions submitted, 100 were chosen by online vote, with priority given to open questions in important areas that are specific enough to permit investigation within a focused project or programme of research. The final list of questions was divided into ten themes. We present the questions and set them briefly in the context of the current state of knowledge. Although subjective, the results provide a snapshot of current concerns and perceived priorities in the field of livestock helminthology, and we hope that they will stimulate ongoing or new research efforts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis, Animal/drug therapy
  17. Fulltext 10H-3,6-Diazaphenothiazine induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis and inhibits cell invasion of A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells through the regulation of NF-κB and (BIRC6-XIAP) complexes
    Zhang J, Ming C, Zhang W, Okechukwu PN, Morak-Młodawska B, Pluta K, et al.
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2017;11:3045-3063.
    PMID: 29123378 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S144415
    The asymptomatic properties and high treatment resistance of ovarian cancer result in poor treatment outcomes and high mortality rates. Although the fundamental chemotherapy provides promising anticancer activities, it is associated with severe side effects. The derivative of phenothiazine, namely, 10H-3,6-diazaphenothiazine (PTZ), was synthesized and reported with ideal anticancer effects in a previous paper. In this study, detailed anticancer properties of PTZ was examined on A2780 ovarian cancer cells by investigating the cytotoxicity profiles, mechanism of apoptosis, and cell invasion. Research outcomes revealed PTZ-induced dose-dependent inhibition on A2780 cancer cells (IC50 =0.62 µM), with significant less cytotoxicity toward HEK293 normal kidney cells and H9C2 normal heart cells. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and polarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) suggests PTZ-induced cell death through oxidative damage. The RT2 Profiler PCR Array on apoptosis pathway demonstrated PTZ-induced apoptosis via intrinsic (mitochondria-dependent) and extrinsic (cell death receptor-dependent) pathway. Inhibition of NF-κB and subsequent inhibition of (BIRC6-XIAP) complex activities reduced the invasion rate of A2780 cancer cells penetrating through the Matrigel™ Invasion Chamber. Lastly, the cell cycle analysis hypothesizes that the compound is cytostatic and significantly arrests cell proliferation at G2/M phase. Hence, the exploration of the underlying anticancer mechanism of PTZ suggested its usage as promising chemotherapeutic agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  18. 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide induces DDIT3-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy in T-47D breast carcinoma cells
    Tan HK, Muhammad TST, Tan ML
    Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2016 06 01;300:55-69.
    PMID: 27049118 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.03.017
    14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (14-DDA), a major diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, is known to be cytotoxic and elicits a non-apoptotic cell death in T-47D breast carcinoma cells. In this study, the mechanistic toxicology properties of 14-DDA in T-47D cells were further investigated. 14-DDA is found to induce the formation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) vacuoles and autophagosomes, with concurrent upregulation of LC3-II in the breast carcinoma cells. It stimulated an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration and caused a collapse in mitochondrial membrane potential in these cells. In addition, both DDIT3 and GADD45A, molecules implicated in ER stress pathway, were significantly upregulated. DDIT3 knockdown suppressed the formation of both ER vacuoles and autophagosomes, indicating that 14-DDA-induced ER stress and autophagy is dependent on this transcription factor. Collectively, it is possible that GADD45A/p38 MAPK/DDIT3 pathway is involved in the 14-DDA-induced ER-stress-mediated autophagy in T-47D cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  19. 15 years of APOC--a lifetime of public health evidence
    Allotey P, Amazigo U, Adjei S, Seddoh A, Lusamba-Dikassa PS
    Lancet, 2012 Oct 20;380(9851):1361-3.
    PMID: 23084441 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60723-5
    Matched MeSH terms: Onchocerciasis, Ocular/drug therapy
  20. 15-deoxy-isoxeniolide-A, new diterpenoid from a bornean soft coral, Xenia sp
    Phan CS, Kamada T, Kobayashi K, Hamada T, Vairappan CS
    Nat Prod Res, 2018 Jan;32(2):202-207.
    PMID: 28691521 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1346638
    A new xenicane diterpenoid, 15-deoxy-isoxeniolide-A (1) along with four known compounds 9-deoxy-isoxeniolide-A (2), isoxeniolide-A (3), xeniolide-A (4) and coraxeniolide-B (5) were isolated from the Bornean soft coral Xenia sp. The structures of these metabolites were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis, NMR and HRESIMS. Compound 5 showed cytotoxic activity against ATL cell line, S1T.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia, T-Cell/drug therapy
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