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  1. Fulltext What factors affecting investment decision? The moderating role of fintech self-efficacy
    Che Hassan N, Abdul-Rahman A, Ab Hamid SN, Mohd Amin SI
    PLoS One, 2024;19(4):e0299004.
    PMID: 38635510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299004
    This study aims to determine, from the perspective of investors, the factors that predict Islamic unit trust (IUT) investment intentions. Additionally, this paper examines the moderating effect of fintech self-efficacy (FSE) on the relationship between attitude and investment intention. A total of 392 data were collected from IUT investors in Malaysia and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that subjective norms have the highest impact on investment intention, followed by attitude and FSE, while religiosity is not significantly associated with investment intention in Islamic unit trust funds. Attitude significantly mediates religiosity-intention and Islamic financial literacy-intention relationships. FSE significantly moderates the attitude-intention relationship. The results shed light on the key factors that increase investing behavior and have direct managerial implications with regard to marketing strategies and target markets. These findings suggest that IUT service providers should take the lead in attracting customers through effective and targeted marketing initiatives, particularly by enhancing customers' FSE and capabilities. This study provides empirical evidence on the interrelationships between Islamic financial literacy, religiosity, and FSE in examining investors' behavior using the Theory of Planned Behavior framework. The study explores the moderating role of FSE on the relationship between attitude and investment intention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management*
  2. Fulltext It is strongly recommended to not conduct, fund, or publish research studies that use spot urine samples with estimating equations to assess individuals' sodium (salt) intake in association with health outcomes: a policy statement of the World Hypertension League, International Society of Hypertension and Resolve to Save Lives
    Campbell NRC, Whelton PK, Orias M, Cobb LL, Jones ESW, Garg R, et al.
    J Hypertens, 2023 May 01;41(5):683-686.
    PMID: 36723484 DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003385
    Spot urine samples with estimating equations have been used to assess individuals' sodium (salt) intake in association with health outcomes. There is large random and systematic error in estimating sodium intake using this method and spurious health outcome associations. Substantial controversy has resulted from false claims the method is valid. Hence, the World Hypertension League, International Society of Hypertension and Resolve to Save Lives, supported by 21 other health organizations, have issued this policy statement that strongly recommends that research using spot urine samples with estimating equations to assess individuals' sodium (salt) intake in association with health outcomes should not be conducted, funded or published. Literature reviews on the health impacts of reducing dietary sodium that include studies that have used spot and short duration timed urine samples with estimating equations need to explicitly acknowledge that the method is not recommended to be used and is associated with spurious health outcome associations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management*
  3. Fulltext Financial impact of cost of capital on tourism-based SMEs in COVID-19: implications for tourism disruption mitigation
    Song Y, Yan J, Yu Z, Li T, Yang Y
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Mar;30(13):36439-36449.
    PMID: 36547845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24851-3
    Opportunities for funding Tourism SMEs are emerging globally due to the expansion of tourism sector. However, it is still being determined how these financial arrangements will be controlled at more significant sizes equitably. In the contemporary period, E7 economy is deficient in producing the financial resources to ensure the availability of funds for the acquisition of funds for tourism-based SMEs. However, this research tested the empirical position of cost of debt in E-7 economies during COVID-19 crises. Study findings have shown significant outcomes between the constructs. The variation of conditions, structural uncertainty, transection systems, and variation in support by the financial institution for tourism-based SMEs are the main reasons that lessen borrowing and lending system of funds, from banks to SMEs. However, theorists must revisit the transaction system of debt financing for SMEs. Policymakers are suggested to develop viable and SME system-friendly policies to finance through debt capital from the banks in the time of structural imposed crises, like COVID-19.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management*
  4. Notes From the Field: Availability of Satellite Pharmacies and Pharmacy Service Units in Nigerian Hospitals-Implications for Pharmaceutical Care
    Daniel-Ebune E, Jatau AI, Burji SL, Mohammed M
    Eval Health Prof, 2021 Jun;44(2):177-179.
    PMID: 32552085 DOI: 10.1177/0163278720934174
    The optimal provision of pharmaceutical care services requires an adequate number of pharmacists, satellite pharmacies and service units at healthcare facilities. We examined the availability of these requirements at Nigerian hospitals using the 2016 nationwide inspection reports of hospital pharmacies conducted by the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria. Records of 254 hospitals inspected were retrieved, of which 171 (67.3%) were public. The total number of pharmacists across facilities was 753. The most common satellite pharmacy units recorded were antiretroviral 80 (31.5%) and emergency departments 48 (18.8%). The most common service units were drug revolving funds 176 (69.3%) and drug information 112 (44.1%) units. These findings suggest the availability of pharmacists, satellite pharmacies and service units are inadequate for the optimal delivery of pharmaceutical care services at healthcare facilities in Nigeria. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to improve the provision of pharmaceutical care services at health care facilities in Nigeria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  5. Fulltext Achieving sustainable soil and water protection: The perspective of agricultural water price regulation on environmental protection
    Chou L, Dai J, Qian X, Karimipour A, Zheng X
    Agric Water Manag, 2021 Feb 28;245:106583.
    PMID: 33100487 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106583
    With the development of Chinese economy, more and more attention has been paid to environmental protection, the implementation of water price policy affects economic and environmental changes in China. This paper analyzes the impact of water price policy on agricultural land use and the scale of water pollution discharge in 240 cities in China between 2001 and 2017, by including data from China Urban Statistical Yearbook and China Land & Resources Almanac. The theoretical analysis of this study indicates that the optimal scale of pollution depends on the local initial endowment, economic investment capital and the marginal cost of environmental pollution caused by government's economic activities. Furtherly, the economic activities have a worsening impact on environmental pollution, but when the government implements environmental protection and water price policy measures in response to environmental pollution caused by economic activities, it has a significant impact on the decline in the scale of pollution. The government has promoted the pollution suppression model in the formulation of water prices, which has internalized the external cost of pollution in economic activities and can effectively reduce the scale of agricultural water pollution discharge.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  6. Syndemic anemia in British Malaya: An early global health encounter with hookworm and malaria Co-infections in plantation workers
    Webb JLA
    Soc Sci Med, 2020 Nov 26.
    PMID: 33261905 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113555
    With the establishment of the International Health Commission in 1913, the Rockefeller Foundation sought governmental partnerships overseas to combat hookworm disease and improve feces disposal practices. In the Madras Presidency in British India, the India Research Fund Association carried out hookworm surveys but failed in its educational efforts to improve feces disposal practices. In British Malaya, the Uncinariasis [Hookworm] Commission to the Orient discovered a syndemic of anemia among Tamil plantation laborers from the Madras Presidency and Chinese laborers from southern China who suffered from hookworm and malarial co-infections. Confronted with the apparent infeasibility of improving feces disposal practices and the obdurate fact of re-infection with hookworm after purgative treatment, the Rockefeller Foundation ended its hookworm initiative in British Malaya without advocating for programmatic intervention against syndemic anemia. The essay concludes with a reflection on the engagement of historians with the syndemic paradigm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  7. Fulltext COVID-19 Pandemic Recession and Recovery
    Jomo KS, Chowdhury A
    Development (Rome), 2020 Nov 16.
    PMID: 33223764 DOI: 10.1057/s41301-020-00262-0
    This review draws pragmatic lessons for developing countries to address COVID-19-induced recessions and to sustain a developmental recovery. These recessions are unique, caused initially by supply disruptions, largely due to government-imposed 'stay-in-shelter lockdowns'. These have interacted with falling incomes and demand, declining exports (and imports), collapsing commodity prices, shrinking travel and tourism, decreasing remittances and foreign exchange shortages. Highlighting implications for employment, wellbeing and development, it argues that governments need to design comprehensive relief measures and recovery policies to address short-term problems. These should prevent cash-flow predicaments from becoming full-blown solvency crises. Instead of returning to the status quo ante, developing countries' capacities and capabilities need to be enhanced to address long-term sustainable development challenges. Multilateral financial institutions should intermediate with financial sources at low cost to supplement the International Monetary Fund's Special Drawing Rights to lower borrowing costs for relief and recovery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  8. Preserve Global South's research capacity
    Reidpath D, Allotey P, 166 signatories
    Science, 2020 May 15;368(6492):725.
    PMID: 32409468 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc2677
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management*
  9. Fulltext From the Molecular Mechanism to Pre-clinical Results: Anti-epileptic Effects of Fingolimod
    Paudel YN, Angelopoulou E, Piperi C, Gnatkovsky V, Othman I, Shaikh MF
    Curr Neuropharmacol, 2020;18(11):1126-1137.
    PMID: 32310049 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X18666200420125017
    Epilepsy is a devastating neurological condition characterized by long-term tendency to generate unprovoked seizures, affecting around 1-2 % of the population worldwide. Epilepsy is a serious health concern which often associates with other neurobehavioral comorbidities that further worsen disease conditions. Despite tremendous research, the mainstream anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) exert only symptomatic relief leading to 30% of untreatable patients. This reflects the complexity of the disease pathogenesis and urges the precise understanding of underlying mechanisms in order to explore novel therapeutic strategies that might alter the disease progression as well as minimize the epilepsy-associated comorbidities. Unfortunately, the development of novel AEDs might be a difficult process engaging huge funds, tremendous scientific efforts and stringent regulatory compliance with a possible chance of end-stage drug failure. Hence, an alternate strategy is drug repurposing, where anti-epileptic effects are elicited from drugs that are already used to treat non-epileptic disorders. Herein, we provide evidence of the anti-epileptic effects of Fingolimod (FTY720), a modulator of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor, USFDA approved already for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). Emerging experimental findings suggest that Fingolimod treatment exerts disease-modifying anti-epileptic effects based on its anti-neuroinflammatory properties, potent neuroprotection, anti-gliotic effects, myelin protection, reduction of mTOR signaling pathway and activation of microglia and astrocytes. We further discuss the underlying molecular crosstalk associated with the anti-epileptic effects of Fingolimod and provide evidence for repurposing Fingolimod to overcome the limitations of current AEDs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  10. Bank accounts for public primary health care facilities: Reflections on implementation from three districts in Tanzania
    Kuwawenaruwa A, Remme M, Mtei G, Makawia S, Maluka S, Kapologwe N, et al.
    Int J Health Plann Manage, 2018 Nov 20.
    PMID: 30461049 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2702
    Health care financing reforms are gaining popularity in a number of African countries to increase financial resources and promote financial autonomy, particularly at peripheral health care facilities. The paper explores the establishment of facility bank accounts at public primary facilities in Tanzania, with the intention of informing other countries embarking on such reform of the lessons learned from its implementation process. A case study approach was used, in which three district councils were purposively sampled. A total of 34 focus group discussions and 14 in-depth interviews were conducted. Thematic content analysis was used during analysis. The study revealed that the main use of bank account revenue was for the purchase of drugs, medical supplies, and minor facility needs. To ensure accountability for funds, health care facilities had to submit monthly reports of expenditures incurred. District managers also undertook quality control of facility infrastructure, which had been renovated using facility resources and purchases of facility needs. Facility autonomy in the use of revenue retained in their accounts would improve the availability of drugs and service delivery. The experienced process of opening facility bank accounts, managing, and using the funds highlights the need to strengthen the capacity of staff and health-governing committees.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  11. Exploring the Impact of Serious Games for Cognitive Functions through the Humphrey Fellowship Programme
    Hoe TW
    Malays J Med Sci, 2018 May;25(3):1-6.
    PMID: 30899182 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.3.1
    The use of serious games as digital medicine started in recent years as the United States Food and Drug Administration granted Class 1 or 2 device clearance to serious games or game-like technologies. This encouraging trend motivates interdisciplinary cooperation between experts in the medical sciences and the game industry because the Northern American pharmaceutical revenues have exceeded USD1 trillion globally since 2014. The potential of this lucrative business opportunity may attract fund providers and venture capitalists to support game-related research and development projects. The author elaborates his activities and experiences in the United States in FY2017/2018 as a Humphrey fellow from Malaysia. Specifically, the research and development trend of serious games for cognitive function in the academic and the game industry has positive impact on how medical doctors and practitioners in low- and middle-income countries may use or develop games as digital medicine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  12. Fulltext An analysis of determination for life insurance premiums: the concept and practice of conventional and Islamic life insurance (Family Takaful)
    Jumadil Saputra, Suhal Kusairi, Nur Azura Sanusi, Yusuf Abdullah
    Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2018;1(2):41-51.
    MyJurnal
    This paper aims to analyze the distinction of premium setting rates by taking into account the risk
    taken by conventional and Family Takaful. This study employed the Net Single and Annual Level
    Premium formula, and the data were analyzed using a numerical simulation. We found that the
    conventional and Takaful insurance systems utilize similar methods in the calculation of insurance
    premium when considering pure risk faced by the participant or insured. However, both systems have
    their own unique characteristics. The conventional and Family Takaful utilize historical data, such as
    mortality rate, expected return rate, expected costs and expected amount of claims. The conventional
    insurance is calculated to mitigate or minimize the risk of the insurance company against an amount of
    claim faced in the future as long as the insurance is enforced until the contract ends. On the other
    hand, the Family Takaful is intended to share fair value among participants in determining
    benevolence through Tabarru premium. Every participant must pay for Tabarru premium to support
    one another so that there is sufficient amount to cover unexpected claims among them and to uphold
    mutual fund as evidence for the sense of mutual co-operation and brotherhood among participants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  13. Fulltext To examine the level of knowledge and acceptance about social protection system among paddy farmers in agricultural areas of Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA)
    Mohamad Noor Firdaus Sahul Hameed
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(4):83-92.
    MyJurnal
    At present, social protection system is a requirement for those involved in all sectors of employment
    such as pensions to Government employees and Employees Provident Fund (EPF) to private sector
    workers. The primary basis of the system is to provide protection to address poverty, financial
    assistance and future guarantees. However, no structured social protection system was introduced to
    the informal sectors workers in Malaysia such as farmers and others. The purpose of this study is to
    examine the level of knowledge and acceptance of social protection systems among farmers in the
    Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA). This study involved 573 respondents covering 4
    regions within the MADA area. In conclusion, this study will examine the level of knowledge and
    acceptance of farmers on social protection systems in their communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  14. Fulltext Forecasting share prices accurately for one month using Geometric Brownian Motion
    Nur Aimi Badriah, N., Siti Nazifah, Z. A., Maheran, M. J.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2018;26(4):1619-1635.
    MyJurnal
    Investment funds are growing in Malaysia since people are more knowledgeable about
    investments and aware of investment opportunities in order to secure good savings for the
    future. These investments include unit trusts, gold, fixed deposits, stock prices and property
    investments. It is essential for individuals or organisations to know the value of future share
    prices of their investment portfolio in order to predict the profit or loss in the future. The
    purpose of study is to identify the best duration of historical data and forecast days in order
    to accurately forecast share prices. The study uses Geometric Brownian Motion model in
    forecasting share prices of companies in Bursa Malaysia. This study focused on 40 listed
    companies in Bursa Malaysia from the top gainers list. It was found that 65 historical days
    could forecast the share prices for 21 days accurately.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  15. Fulltext Making Fair Choices on the Path to Universal Health Coverage: Applying Principles to Difficult Cases
    Voorhoeve A, Tan-Torres Edejer T, Kapiriri L, Norheim OF, Snowden J, Basenya O, et al.
    Health Syst Reform, 2017 Oct 02;3(4):301-312.
    PMID: 30359178 DOI: 10.1080/23288604.2017.1324938
    Abstract-Progress toward universal health coverage (UHC) requires making difficult trade-offs. In this journal, Dr. Margaret Chan, the World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General, has endorsed the principles for making such decisions put forward by the WHO Consultative Group on Equity and UHC. These principles include maximizing population health, priority for the worse off, and shielding people from health-related financial risks. But how should one apply these principles in particular cases, and how should one adjudicate between them when their demands conflict? This article by some members of the Consultative Group and a diverse group of health policy professionals addresses these questions. It considers three stylized versions of actual policy dilemmas. Each of these cases pertains to one of the three key dimensions of progress toward UHC: which services to cover first, which populations to prioritize for coverage, and how to move from out-of-pocket expenditures to prepayment with pooling of funds. Our cases are simplified to highlight common trade-offs. Though we make specific recommendations, our primary aim is to demonstrate both the form and substance of the reasoning involved in striking a fair balance between competing interests on the road to UHC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  16. Attitudes, barriers and facilitators to the conduct of research in government hospitals: a cross-sectional study among specialists in government hospitals, northern states of Malaysia
    Teh LC, Prema M, Choy MP, Letchuman GR
    Med J Malaysia, 2017 02;72(1):26-31.
    PMID: 28255136 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Specialists constitute a major 'driving force' and catalyst for growth of research in their speciality. A clearer understanding is required as to what motivates their participation in research as well as the barriers they faced. This research aims to study the attitudes, barriers and facilitators faced by specialists and to identify strategies to promote and sustain research activities in their hospitals.

    METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey using selfadministered questionnaires was conducted among all specialists working in government specialist hospitals in the northern states of Malaysia.

    RESULTS: Out of 733 questionnaires distributed, 467 were returned giving a response rate of 63.7%. Ninety-nine percent of the respondents believed that research benefits patients while 93.3% think research helps in their professional development. However, 34.8% think that under their present working conditions, it is unlikely they will participate in research. The major barriers identified were lack of funds for research (81%); lack access to expertise, software or statistical analysis (78.4%); interference with daily work schedule (75.1%) and inconsistent manpower in their department (74.2%). There are three barriers with statistically significant difference between hospitals with CRC compared to hospitals without CRC; lack of funds, mentors and access to expertise, software or statistical analysis. The demographic factors, attitudes and barriers contributing to involvement in research also investigated. The main facilitators for the conduct of research are potential to benefit patients and potential for professional development.

    CONCLUSION: Taking note of the findings, the Ministry of Health can implement appropriate strategies to improve specialist participation in research.

    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  17. Low intensity ultrasound induced apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines
    Siti P.M. Bohari, Hamidreza Aboulkheyr E, Nur S. Johan, Nursyuhada F. Zainudin
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:575-581.
    According to the World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRFI), breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide with recorded 1.7 million new cases in 2012. The main line of treatments is still limited to chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy which could lead to a wide range of dangerous side effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of low intensity ultrasound (LIUS) on cell proliferation, percentage of living and dead cells and the induction of apoptosis on the MCF-7 cell line with CHO cells as the control for non-cancerous group. In order to achieve the objective of this study, several methods of cell-bioguided assays were used including the MTT assay for cell proliferation, Live/Dead assay for the determination of both live and dead cells and gene expression study for the detection of apoptosis in the cells. The cytotoxicity and Live/Dead assays data provided preliminary data that the LIUS has potential to induce apoptosis in a wide population of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the LIUS treatment induced the expression of p53-mRNA at a detectable level via qPCR analysis, indicating the activation of apoptosis. In short, our study suggested LIUS dosage used in this study could potentially show positive effects in the induction of apoptosis selectively on the MCF-7 with less harm to the control CHO cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  18. Fulltext The financial status and factors affecting personal well-‐being among urban poor in Kuala Lumpur
    Moga Dass T, Sabri MF
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2017;2(1):21-39.
    MyJurnal
    The main purpose of this study is to understand the financial status of urban poor community in Kuala Lumpur and factors affecting their personal well-being. The sampling size of this research is 1,064 respondents chosen by using systematic sampling method. The data was obtained by using selfadministered questionnaires and the data being analysed by descriptive analysis meanwhile and multi regression analysis. The results shows that the urban poor community in Kuala Lumpur are having a moderate level of financial literacy possess a less effective financial behaviour, experiencing a high financial strain and adapting a moderate level of personal well-being. Besides that, the results also indicates that the financial literacy has no influence on personal well-being of the urban poor community, meanwhile financial behaviour has a positive influence and financial strain has a negative influence on the personal well-being of the urban poor community. The findings of the study suggest the government and non-government organisation such as Economic Planning Unit ((EPU), Kuala Lumpur City Hall (KLCH or DBKL), Central Bank of Malaysia (BNM), Credit Counselling and Debt Management Agency (CCDM or AKPK), Federation of Consumer Association (FOMCA) to make an inclusive effort and approach to improve the personal well-being of the urban poor. By understanding more about the financial status of the urban poor community, it is hoped to help them to become financial prudence and in the long-run could lead them into a good decision making while facing conflicts in financial issues and maintain a good quality of life. It is important to ensure the urban poor consumers have better financial management skills which lead them to make the right decision in order to enhance their personal well-being.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  19. Pediatric cardiothoracic program in Malaysia: a study based on the outcome of the program
    Piros Kulandasamy Pillai C, Yoshida Y, Justin Lawrence P, Yamamoto E, Reyer JA, Hamajima1 N
    Nagoya J Med Sci, 2016 02;78(1):9-17.
    PMID: 27019524
    Vulnerable communities in Malaysia have been facing issues of accessibility and availability for pediatric cardiac services for years due to long waiting times, high costs and a lack of pediatric cardiothoracic surgeons. To ease this situation, the government has allocated a certain amount of funds, introduced through the Pediatric Cardiothoracic Program (PCP), in which the patients are transported to the Narayana Health Institute of Cardiac Science (NH) in India to receive a heart operation following an eligibility check at MediAssist4U Sdn Bhd in Selangor, Malaysia, a facility appointed by the NH. This study aimed to determine the demographic incidence of congenital heart diseases of patients in this program and to evaluate the outcome of the program in association with post-operative mortality rate and the beneficial factors of the program. In this study, 241 patients who participated in this program from August 2008 to September 2012 were reviewed. Fisher's exact tests were applied to calculate p-values of categorical data. Out of 241, 11 patients were rejected because of their poor health condition for flight transportation to India, leaving 230 patients for analysis. The majority of patients were 1 to 4 years of age (57.8%), Malays (61.7%), from families of monthly household income less than RM 1,500 (86.5%) and with primary school-educated parents (86.5%). Patients could apply from any government hospital in Malaysia, but 34.8% of the patients were from the state of Johor. The region (Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia) of patients seeking pediatric cardiac services was significantly associated with race (p<0.001), low household income (p<0.001) and low education background of parents (p=0.004). The associations between the age group and diagnosis group (p=0.010) and between duration of hospitalization and outcome of medical management (p=0.013) were significant. Post-operative mortality rate was 1.7% (95% confidence interval, 0.5-4.4). In conclusion, the patients and the government were considered to have benefited from the PCP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
  20. Fulltext Attendance and institutional facilities of long-term kidney donors follow-up
    Makmor, T, Raja Noriza, RA, NurulHuda, MS, Sook-Lu, Y, Soo-Kun, L, Kok-Peng, N, et al.
    JUMMEC, 2016;19(1):1-6.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction:
    Living donation is an important source for organs transplantation in Malaysia. This study aims to investigate
    the Malaysian living donors’ follow-up attendance, their preferences on medical-institutional facilities, and
    the financial circumstances pertaining to the follow-up costs
    Materials and Methods:
    Primary data were collected through a survey of 80 living donors who made their donation at the University
    of Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) between 1991 and 2012.
    Results:
    Out total of 178 donors, only 111 were reachable and 80 of them participated in the survey (72%). The findings
    revealed that most of the donors (71.2%) attend the follow-up regularly. Nevertheless, donors seem to neglect
    the importance of follow-up as they consider themselves healthy (28.9%) or consider the follow-up as being
    troublesome (28.9%). Most donors (67.5%) are not in favour of being treated as patients, but prefer to be
    monitored under donor registry (88.8%) and getting their health service in special clinics for donors (80%).
    The majority of the donors fund the follow-up costs themselves (32.4%), while 25% of the donors’ follow-up
    costs were funded by family members. Among those donors without income and those of low-income (84.8%
    of respondents), 60.3% believe that the follow-up costs should be borne by the government.
    Conclusions:
    Based on the findings, it is therefore suggested that the government provides all living donors with proper
    free health service through donor registry and donor clinics. Adequate care has to be given to the donors to
    pre-empt any unforeseen health complications due to the organ donation surgical procedures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Financial Management
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