Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 79 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fulltext Isolated Bilateral Pinna Swelling: A Rare Initial Presentation of Leprosy
    Yusuf SYM, Ismail IA, Hamid RA, Jamil NA, Yasin MM
    Open Access Maced J Med Sci, 2019 Jun 15;7(11):1815-1817.
    PMID: 31316665 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.481
    BACKGROUND: Leprosy or Hansen disease is a chronic infectious disease that causes social stigma due to its deforming bodily appearance and physical disability. It has a wide spectrum of presentation affecting diagnosis.

    CASE REPORT: A 21-year-old man who presented with chronic isolated bilateral pinna swelling as a result of leprosy is reported. The bilateral pinna swelling started as multiple shiny papules with an erythematous background and progressively became hyperpigmented and lobular over two years. This rare presentation of leprosy poses initial diagnostic difficulties, leading to misdiagnoses by various health care professionals. Diagnoses ascribed include eczema, insect bite and perichondritis. A suspicion of leprosy was raised when hyperaesthetic hypopigmentation of skin started to appear on the body after two years, with worsening of the pinna swellings. This was confirmed by identification of Mycobacterium leprae in slit skin smear test and skin biopsy.

    CONCLUSION: Isolated involvement of pinna in a patient without lesions in other body parts is an unusual initial presentation of leprosy. However, leprosy should be kept as a rare differential diagnosis of isolated lesions on the ear in patients not responding to conventional treatment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  2. Fulltext Towards Efficient Wireless Body Area Network Using Two-Way Relay Cooperation
    Waheed M, Ahmad R, Ahmed W, Drieberg M, Alam MM
    Sensors (Basel), 2018 Feb 13;18(2).
    PMID: 29438278 DOI: 10.3390/s18020565
    The fabrication of lightweight, ultra-thin, low power and intelligent body-borne sensors leads to novel advances in wireless body area networks (WBANs). Depending on the placement of the nodes, it is characterized as in/on body WBAN; thus, the channel is largely affected by body posture, clothing, muscle movement, body temperature and climatic conditions. The energy resources are limited and it is not feasible to replace the sensor's battery frequently. In order to keep the sensor in working condition, the channel resources should be reserved. The lifetime of the sensor is very crucial and it highly depends on transmission among sensor nodes and energy consumption. The reliability and energy efficiency in WBAN applications play a vital role. In this paper, the analytical expressions for energy efficiency (EE) and packet error rate (PER) are formulated for two-way relay cooperative communication. The results depict better reliability and efficiency compared to direct and one-way relay communication. The effective performance range of direct vs. cooperative communication is separated by a threshold distance. Based on EE calculations, an optimal packet size is observed that provides maximum efficiency over a certain link length. A smart and energy efficient system is articulated that utilizes all three communication modes, namely direct, one-way relay and two-way relay, as the direct link performs better for a certain range, but the cooperative communication gives better results for increased distance in terms of EE. The efficacy of the proposed hybrid scheme is also demonstrated over a practical quasi-static channel. Furthermore, link length extension and diversity is achieved by joint network-channel (JNC) coding the cooperative link.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  3. Fulltext Buccal swab as a suitable source of genomic DNA for screening of selected human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles
    Vivek Prasad, Lam Yan Shim, Sethu Thakachy Subha, Fazlina Nordin, Maha Abdullah
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(108):46-46.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are a group of unique transmembrane glycoproteins that are ex-pressed on the surface of virtually all types of cells within the human body. These molecules are encoded by a set of highly polymorphic gene sequences known also as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and play an essential role in the presentation of antigenic peptides to immune cells for recognition and response. In recent years, various HLA alleles have been found to be associated with different autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and allergic rhinitis. Identification of these alleles via HLA typing is necessary for initial screening and diagnosis purposes. Besides that, HLA typing is also used to determine compatibility matching between a donor and a recipient for tissue/organ transplantations in order to prevent graft rejection. Therefore, good quality and quantity of genomic DNA is required. In most scenarios, peripheral blood is chosen as the most reliable source of DNA for analysis, however this approach is seen as invasive and may cause pain and anxiety among the patients, particularly young children and weak subjects. Hence, derivation of genomic DNA from buccal cells as an alternative source material is becoming increasingly popular, especially in PCR-based genetic assays. Some of the most commonly described methods to collect buccal cells include using oral swabs, cytological brushes, mouthwashes and treated cards. Each technique yields varying quantities of DNA with diverse purity levels. In this study, we aim to evaluate the amount and purity of genomic DNA extracted from buccal swabs and brushes as well as blood for screening of selected HLA class II alleles. Methods: Cheek cell samples were col-lected using sterile foam tipped buccal swabs (Whatman) and buccal collection brushes (Gentra Puregene) whereas peripheral blood samples were withdrawn following routine venipuncture techniques. All samples were subjected to DNA extraction according to modified commercial kit protocols. Screening of selected HLA-DRB1 alleles was con-ducted via PCR with sequence-specific primers as established by Bunce et al. 1995. Results: There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the total DNA yield obtained from blood and buccal swab samples, which were 17.57μg (± 8.66) and 13.28μg (± 4.81), respectively. All samples exhibited similar 260/280 ratios of about ~1.80 (p > 0.05). However, buccal brush samples contributed the least amount of DNA (0.29μg, ± 0.12) compared to other sources (p < 0.05). The pure genomic DNA isolated from both blood and buccal swab samples were successfully typed for low resolution HLA-DRB1 alleles. Conclusion: Buccal swabs provide good quantity and quality of DNA for screening of HLA alleles with high accuracy and thus can be utilized as a non-invasive substitute for venipuncture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  4. Fulltext Unusual variations of the lateral and posterior cords in a female cadaver
    Thwin SS, Zaini F, Than M, Lwin S, Myint M
    Singapore Med J, 2012 Jun;53(6):e128-30.
    PMID: 22711051
    The presence of anatomical variations of the peripheral nervous system often accounts for unexpected clinical signs and symptoms. We report unusual variations of the lateral and posterior cords of the brachial plexus in a female cadaver. Such variations are attributed to a faulty union of divisions of the brachial plexus during the embryonic period. The median nerve lay medial to the axillary artery (AA) on both sides. On the right, the lateral root of the median nerve crossing the AA and the median nerve in relation to the medial side of the AA was likely the result of a faulty development of the seventh intersegmental artery. We discuss these variations and compare them with the findings of other researchers. Knowledge of such rare variations is clinically important, aiding radiologists, anaesthesiologists and surgeons to avoid inadvertent damage to nerves and the AA during blocks and surgical interventions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  5. Experimental data on glucose and energy levels of orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea at different water velocities
    Taufik M, Amin-Safwan A, Mohd Nordin AR, Shahrul I, Abol-Munafi AB, Ikhwanuddin M
    Data Brief, 2020 Apr;29:105232.
    PMID: 32099875 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105232
    The present datasets were conducted to investigate glucose concentration in hemolymph, energy levels at selected body parts (hepatopancreas, muscle, gonad), and feces among different sexes of crabs cultured at four different water velocities (0, 20, 40, and 60 cm/s) during a 60-day culture period. A total of 102 immature crabs (51 males, and 51 females) were sampled from Kuala Muda, Kedah coastal water, Peninsular Malaysia (5°39'N 100°19'E) from April to November of 2018. Results indicated that glucose concentration was the highest at water velocity of 60 cm/s for both male and female crabs (♂: 3.76 ± 0.08 mmol/L; ♀: 3.63 ± 0.06 mmol/L), whereas at 0 cm/s, the lowest levels of glucose concentration (♂: 0.13 ± 0.08 mmol/L; ♀: 0.19 ± 0.06 mmol/L) were recorded. As for energy analysis in hepatopancreas, results showed that both male and female crabs recorded the highest levels at 0 cm/s (no flow) with 37.919 ± 0.07 KJ/g and 34.636 ± 0.50 KJ/g, respectively. Energy for locomotion (muscle) of male crabs recorded the highest at 0 cm/s (♂: 26.823 ± 0.06 KJ/g), meanwhile for females, the highest was recorded at 20 cm/s (26.607 ± 0.34 KJ/g). Energy for reproduction of males could not be compared due to an insufficient available amount of testes/vas deferens, whereas female crabs recorded the highest energy usage at 20 cm/s water velocity (♀: 37.895 ± 0.08 KJ/g). For feces, both male and female crabs recorded the lowest energy at 60 cm/s (♂: 5.841 ± 0.03 KJ/g; ♀: 5.393 ± 0.01 KJ/g). Glucose assessment showed a direct relationship between increased velocity and glucose secretion in hemolymph at high velocity of 60 cm/s (stress condition) compared to other treatments. Regarding energy analysis, this research improved the mechanism of hepatopancreas, gonad, muscle and feces functions in development and reproduction, while it shed light on the influence of velocity on energy metabolism of S. olivacea.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  6. Fulltext ARTYCUL: A Privacy-Preserving ML-Driven Framework to Determine the Popularity of a Cultural Exhibit on Display
    Tanwar G, Chauhan R, Yafi E
    Sensors (Basel), 2021 Feb 22;21(4).
    PMID: 33671822 DOI: 10.3390/s21041527
    We present ARTYCUL (ARTifact popularitY for CULtural heritage), a machine learning(ML)-based framework that graphically represents the footfall around an artifact on display at a museum or a heritage site. The driving factor of this framework was the fact that the presence of security cameras has become universal, including at sites of cultural heritage. ARTYCUL used the video streams of closed-circuit televisions (CCTV) cameras installed in such premises to detect human figures, and their coordinates with respect to the camera frames were used to visualize the density of visitors around the specific display items. Such a framework that can display the popularity of artifacts would aid the curators towards a more optimal organization. Moreover, it could also help to gauge if a certain display item were neglected due to incorrect placement. While items of similar interest can be placed in vicinity of each other, an online recommendation system may also use the reputation of an artifact to catch the eye of the visitors. Artificial intelligence-based solutions are well suited for analysis of internet of things (IoT) traffic due to the inherent veracity and volatile nature of the transmissions. The work done for the development of ARTYCUL provided a deeper insight into the avenues for applications of IoT technology to the cultural heritage domain, and suitability of ML to process real-time data at a fast pace. While we also observed common issues that hinder the utilization of IoT in the cultural domain, the proposed framework was designed keeping in mind the same obstacles and a preference for backward compatibility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  7. Fulltext The importance of exercise as a therapeutic agent
    Singh R
    Malays J Med Sci, 2002 Jul;9(2):7-16.
    PMID: 22844219 MyJurnal
    Adaptations in the structural and/or functional properties of cells, tissues and organ systems in the human body occurs when exposed to various stimuli. While there is unanimous agreement that regular physical activity is essential for optimal function of the human body, it is evident that extrinsic factors, such as diet, smoking, exercise habits, are reflected in the morbidity and mortality statistics of the population. Ageing is obligatorily associated with reduced maximal aerobic power and reduced muscle strength, i.e. with reduced physical fitness. As a consequence of diminished exercise tolerance, a large and increasing number of the aged population will be living below, at or just above 'threshold' of physical ability, needing only a minor illness to render them completely dependent. Physical training can readily produce a profound improvement of functions essential for physical fitness in old age. Adaptation to regular physical activity causes less disruption of the cells' internal environment and minimises fatigue which enhances performances and the economy of energy output during daily physical activity. Regular physical exercise reduces the risk of premature mortality in general, and of coronary heart disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Physical activity also improves mental health and is important for health and optimal function of muscles, bones and joints. The most recent recommendations advice the people of all ages to include a minimum of 30 minutes of physical activity of moderate intensity, such as brisk walking, on most, if not all, days of the week.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  8. Application of an optimal class of antisymmetric wavelet filter banks for obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis using ECG signals
    Sharma M, Agarwal S, Acharya UR
    Comput Biol Med, 2018 09 01;100:100-113.
    PMID: 29990643 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.06.011
    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder caused due to interruption of breathing resulting in insufficient oxygen to the human body and brain. If the OSA is detected and treated at an early stage the possibility of severe health impairment can be mitigated. Therefore, an accurate automated OSA detection system is indispensable. Generally, OSA based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system employs multi-channel, multi-signal physiological signals. However, there is a great need for single-channel bio-signal based low-power, a portable OSA-CAD system which can be used at home. In this study, we propose single-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) based OSA-CAD system using a new class of optimal biorthogonal antisymmetric wavelet filter bank (BAWFB). In this class of filter bank, all filters are of even length. The filter bank design problem is transformed into a constrained optimization problem wherein the objective is to minimize either frequency-spread for the given time-spread or time-spread for the given frequency-spread. The optimization problem is formulated as a semi-definite programming (SDP) problem. In the SDP problem, the objective function (time-spread or frequency-spread), constraints of perfect reconstruction (PR) and zero moment (ZM) are incorporated in their time domain matrix formulations. The global solution for SDP is obtained using interior point algorithm. The newly designed BAWFB is used for the classification of OSA using ECG signals taken from the physionet's Apnea-ECG database. The ECG segments of 1 min duration are decomposed into six wavelet subbands (WSBs) by employing the proposed BAWFB. Then, the fuzzy entropy (FE) and log-energy (LE) features are computed from all six WSBs. The FE and LE features are classified into normal and OSA groups using least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) with 35-fold cross-validation strategy. The proposed OSA detection model achieved the average classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and F-score of 90.11%, 90.87% 88.88% and 0.92, respectively. The performance of the model is found to be better than the existing works in detecting OSA using the same database. Thus, the proposed automated OSA detection system is accurate, cost-effective and ready to be tested with a huge database.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  9. Fulltext Utilization of 2D photography for acquisition of facial anthropometry
    Sayfaldeen Kashmoola, Tengku Fazrina Tengku Mohd Ariff, Hazmyr Abdul Wahab
    ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2020;16(1):27-37.
    MyJurnal
    Anthropometry is defined as the scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body. To date, the most used methods for the acquisition of facial anthropometric parameters are direct method employing calipers and protractors tools, which are time-consuming, or indirect methods employing three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems, which are expensive. Despite the possible advantages of two-dimensional (2D) photography, it is not widely explored due to complications such as resolution and distortion of digital photos. The objective of this study is to
    assess the accuracy of the Digital Single-Lens Reflector (DSLR) camera as an indirect method against direct method at different aperture and distance to subject. Adults aged 20-45 years were voluntarily recruited in this study (n=24). Twelve facial anthropometric parameters were measured for each participant using direct anthropometry (sliding caliper), and indirect anthropometry (DSLR camera). When placing the DSLR camera at 2.0 meters from subjects with f/6.3 aperture, nine facial anthropometric parameters were obtained accurately (p> .05). The findings suggested that
    the accuracy of the DSLR camera as an indirect method for the acquisition of facial anthropometric parameters was established at the aperture setting of f/6.3 and the object distance at 2.0 meters. Therefore, it can be recommended as a facial anthropometry acquisition technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  10. Photographing human subjects in biomedical disciplines: an Islamic perspective
    Saidun S
    J Med Ethics, 2013 Feb;39(2):84-8.
    PMID: 23038799 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2012-100794
    Visual recording of human subjects is commonly used in biomedical disciplines for clinical, research, legal, academic and even personal purposes. Guidelines on practice standards of biomedical recording have been issued by certain health authorities, associations and journals, but none of the literature discusses this from an Islamic perspective. This article begins with a discussion on the general rules associated with visual recording in Islam, followed by modesty issues in biomedical recording and issues of informed consent and confidentiality. In order to be deemed ethical from the Islamic perspective, all the aforementioned criteria must conform to, or not contradict, Islamic teaching.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body*
  11. Fulltext The effects of herbs and fruits on leukaemia
    Saedi TA, Md Noor S, Ismail P, Othman F
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014;2014:494136.
    PMID: 25250054 DOI: 10.1155/2014/494136
    In developing countries, herbal therapy is the first and basis form of treatment for most types of diseases. About 75-80% of the world's population prefers herbal therapy as a major treatment due to its better adequacy and satisfactoriness, which enhance human body's symmetry with minimal side effects. Fruits and plants have been presented from the past as promising tools in becoming a natural anticancer agents. Many of these plant extracts are currently used in cancer therapy and prevention. This review paper will particularly explore and emphasize on herbs and fruits used in the treatment of the leukaemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  12. Fulltext APPLICATION OF FIBONACCI SERIES, GOLDEN PROPORTIONS AND GOLDEN RECTANGLE TO HUMAN HAND USING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
    SUWATYRA LETCHUMANAN, RUWAIDIAH IDRIS
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2020;2(4):31-40.
    MyJurnal
    The Greek letter φ (Phi) represents one of the most mysterious numbers (1.618…) known to humankind. Historical approbation for φhas led to the monikers “The Golden Number” or “The Divine Proportion”. This simple, but inscrutable number, is inseparably linked to the recursive mathematical sequence which produces Fibonacci numbers. The study of the Fibonacci sequence exists in most aspects of life starting from the leaves of a non-flowering plant, design, paintings, animals, and even human body. Despite its wide-spread prevalence and existence, the Fibonacci series and also the Rule of Golden Proportions have not been widely documented within the human body. The main objective of this study is to prove that the length of the human hand bone is in step with the Fibonacci series to spot the degree of movement and variation for every finger. Victimization of the sample z test with 95% confidence interval, this analysis shows that just one of the four bone length ratios contained the ratio phi φ within the 95% confidence interval and follow the Fibonacci series, that of the little finger metacarpal and proximal phalanx in both hands. The largest variability was seen within the little finger phalangeal relationships and other fingers will follow mathematical relative series. Due to the relationship with the golden number, it will facilitate in monitoring the individual with an injured hand, especially if injured in small fingers throughout a medical aid, or to identify the cause of the problem of physical functioning of the hands or individual fingers. Hence, it should be helpful for the length of the clenched fist to perform in reconstruction or placement of the prosthesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  13. High allele frequency of CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910) in a Negrito's subtribe population in Malaysia; Aboriginal people of Jahai
    Rosdi RA, Mohd Yusoff N, Ismail R, Soo Choon T, Saleem M, Musa N, et al.
    Ann Hum Biol, 2015 Sep 24.
    PMID: 26402341
    CYP2C9 gene polymorphisms modulate inter-individual variations in the human body's responses to various endogenous and exogenous drug substrates. To date, little is known about the CYP2C9 gene polymorphisms among the aboriginal populations of the world, including those in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  14. Fulltext Microbiome and colorectal cancer: an overview and local perspective
    Rahman Jamal
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(108):4-4.
    MyJurnal
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important health problem that is on the rise globally, where it is the fourth most com-mon cause of deaths from cancer. CRC is now the 2nd commonest cancer in men and 3rd commonest in women in Malaysia. Diet, lifestyle, genetics and environmental interaction, together with underlying gut conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease have been reported to contribute to the disease. In addition, the gut microbiome has also been increasingly reported to be associated with CRC development, with dysbiosis of the commensal bacteria ob-served in CRC patients. Bacterial genera such as Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Prevotella are more commonly de-tected in CRC patients compared to healthy individuals. Nevertheless, not much is known about the gut microbiome among Malaysians with different ethnicities. In Malaysia, the Chinese has the highest incidence of CRC, followed by Malays and Indians. The reason behind this difference may be contributed by the differences in the dietary intake that could modulate the gut microbiome and contribute towards the development of CRC. The current knowledge on this field still much depends on reports from individuals of American, European, Chinese, Brazilian and Japanese descendants in origin. The oncogenic potential of bacteria was suggested to include inflammation and the produc-tion of mutagenic toxin. A significant increase in certain intestinal microbiota including the genuses Enteroccus and Streptococcus spp. was detected in the advanced stage of colorectal adenoma. However, there are discrepancies in the previous studies, where some bacteria genera might be over-reported or underestimated. It is likely that the gut microbiome differs between populations. There is also no available data on the gut microbiome of the healthy individuals, colorectal adenoma (pre-cancerous) and colorectal cancer patients in the Malaysian population. Recent advancements in next generation sequencing allow faster and more accurate determination of microbial consortium in various niches of the human body and environment. In particular, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene with specific primers have been reported to allow accurate determination of bacterial orders commonly found in the human gut as well as for those which are not expected in the digestive system. Recent developments in gut microbiome DNA ex-traction also contributed to the robustness of gut microbiome determination and analysis. All the above will contrib-ute towards an accurate and rapid cataloging process of the Malaysian gut microbiome and also enable comparison between healthy individuals, colorectal adenoma and CRC patients of the Malaysian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  15. Fulltext Subject-Specific Effect of Metallic Body Accessories on Path Loss of Dynamic on-Body Propagation Channels
    Rahim HA, Abdulmalek M, Soh PJ, Rani KA, Hisham N, Vandenbosch GA
    Sci Rep, 2016 07 20;6:29818.
    PMID: 27436496 DOI: 10.1038/srep29818
    This paper presents the investigation of path loss variation for subject-specific on-body radio propagation channels, considering the effect of metallic spectacles and loop like metallic accessories. Adding metallic items may affect the operability of Body Centric Wireless Communications (BCWC). Measurements were carried out in an RF-shielded room lined with microwave absorbing sheets for strategically placed bodyworn antennas covering the upper front torso and the lower limbs. The path loss of the on-body radio channel was characterized explicitly taking into account the body size of the subjects. For metallic loop-like accessories, the results indicate that for underweight subjects, there was a slightly higher influence, up to 2%, compared to normal and overweight subjects. Our findings indicate that a noticeable effect exists on on-body channels for dynamic movements where the metallic watch acts as a local scatterer that affects the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signal path between transmitter and receiver for underweight subjects in comparison to normal and overweight subjects. The path loss decreases when the receiving terminal was positioned very close to the metallic item. If a loop-like metallic accessory is not appropriately considered when designing the radio channel on a subject, the reliability of the body-centric wireless system may degrade.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  16. Fulltext Antifungal effect of Malaysian neem leaf extract on selected fungal species causing otomycosis in in-vitro culture medium
    Puvan Arul Arumugam, Irfan Mohamad, Rosdan Salim, Zeehaida Mohamed
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2015;11(2):69-84.
    MyJurnal
    Azadirachta indica (neem) has been used for a long time in agricultural and alternative medicine. Neem
    had been proved effective against certain fungi that could infect human body. This pilot study aims to
    demonstrate the antifungal effect of Malaysian neem leaf extracts on the pathogenic fungi in otomycosis,
    Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. This is a laboratory-controlled prospective study conducted at
    Universiti Sains Malaysia. The powder form of Malaysian neem leaf was prepared. Ethanol and aqueous
    extracts of the neem leaf was diluted with sterile water to establish five different concentrations of 50 g/
    ml, 25 g/ml, 12.5 g/ml, 6.25 g/ml and 3.125g/ml. The extract was tested on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar
    suspended with Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger respectively. Well diffusion method was used
    and zone of inhibition was measured. Growth of the fungi was inhibited in both alcohol and aqueous
    extract concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Malaysian neem aqueous extract
    against Candida albicans was 11.91 g/ml, neem ethanol extract against Candida albicans was 5.16 g/
    ml, neem aqueous extract against Aspergillus niger was 7.73 g/ml and neem ethanol extract against
    Aspergillus niger was 9.25 g/ml. Statistical analysis showed that the antifungal activity of Candida
    albicans is better in alcohol neem than aqueous extract (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  17. Fulltext Time series prediction of COVID-19 by mutation rate analysis using recurrent neural network-based LSTM model
    Pathan RK, Biswas M, Khandaker MU
    Chaos Solitons Fractals, 2020 Sep;138:110018.
    PMID: 32565626 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110018
    SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus mostly known as COVID-19 has created a global pandemic. The world is now immobilized by this infectious RNA virus. As of June 15, already more than 7.9 million people have been infected and 432k people died. This RNA virus has the ability to do the mutation in the human body. Accurate determination of mutation rates is essential to comprehend the evolution of this virus and to determine the risk of emergent infectious disease. This study explores the mutation rate of the whole genomic sequence gathered from the patient's dataset of different countries. The collected dataset is processed to determine the nucleotide mutation and codon mutation separately. Furthermore, based on the size of the dataset, the determined mutation rate is categorized for four different regions: China, Australia, the United States, and the rest of the World. It has been found that a huge amount of Thymine (T) and Adenine (A) are mutated to other nucleotides for all regions, but codons are not frequently mutating like nucleotides. A recurrent neural network-based Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model has been applied to predict the future mutation rate of this virus. The LSTM model gives Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.06 in testing and 0.04 in training, which is an optimized value. Using this train and testing process, the nucleotide mutation rate of 400th patient in future time has been predicted. About 0.1% increment in mutation rate is found for mutating of nucleotides from T to C and G, C to G and G to T. While a decrement of 0.1% is seen for mutating of T to A, and A to C. It is found that this model can be used to predict day basis mutation rates if more patient data is available in updated time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  18. Fulltext Cerebral protection: a review of current techniques
    Palur, Ravikant
    Medical Health Reviews, 2009;2009(1):15-42.
    MyJurnal
    The brain is considered the most eloquent organ in the human body as its activities impacts on all other systems. Though protected physically (in a bony covering), physiologically through the blood-CSF barrier (from invading organisms and toxins) and hemodynamically through the phenomenon of cerebral autoregulation; the brain is open to insults of various kinds which can critically damage this structure. Intracellular Ca++ accumulation, excessive activation of excitatory amino acid receptors, lipid peroxidation and free radical releaserelated damage are but a few of the pathological processes that occur at the neuronal level leading to damage. The mechanism by which the brain can be provided protection when it is in a compromised state or likely to be compromised is known as cerebral protection. There are various modalities of pharmacologic (use of barbiturates, etomidate, isoflurane, steroids, Ca++, corticosteroids etc) and non-pharmacologic therapies (hypothermia, hyperventilation, induced hypotension, electrophysiologic monitoring, endovascular management etc) available for cerebral protection which finds place in the armamentarium of clinicians managing the critically injured brain. Our knowledge of the functioning of the brain at the molecular level and the various biochemico-pathological processes that are set into motion during critical states continues to evolve. This review article attempts to explain present understanding of the biochemical and pathological processes involved in neuronal damage while also looking at current available therapies (pharmacologic & nonpharmacologic) being utilized in different clinical settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  19. Fulltext Anthropometric measures and birth date distribution of student athletes in selected Malaysian state sports schools
    Ong, Kuan Boon, Hishamuddin Ahmad, Sanmuganathan Jegathesan, Lee, Ai Choo
    Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2015;4(1):17-24.
    MyJurnal
    Anthropometric measurements are widely used to determine body composition, size and weight, and proportions of the human body, especially in children. Our aim was to identify common physical characteristics of student athletes in selected Malaysia states sports schools. The ensuing analysis aimed to provide these states sports school athletes with a competitive advantage. Participants (n=317) were from student-athletes, aged between 13-14y and 15-16y staying in their school’s dormitory. These student-athletes comprise of 181 males (13-14y, n=138; 15-16y, n=43) and 136 females (13-14y, n=84; 15-16y, n=52). All subjects were measured on 26 anthropometric dimensions using measurements of four skin folds, six direct lengths, seven segment girths, six segment breadths, plus body mass, stretch stature and sitting height. The results showed significantly differences (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
  20. Development and Validation of Decision Forest Model for Estrogen Receptor Binding Prediction of Chemicals Using Large Data Sets
    Ng HW, Doughty SW, Luo H, Ye H, Ge W, Tong W, et al.
    Chem Res Toxicol, 2015 Dec 21;28(12):2343-51.
    PMID: 26524122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00358
    Some chemicals in the environment possess the potential to interact with the endocrine system in the human body. Multiple receptors are involved in the endocrine system; estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays very important roles in endocrine activity and is the most studied receptor. Understanding and predicting estrogenic activity of chemicals facilitates the evaluation of their endocrine activity. Hence, we have developed a decision forest classification model to predict chemical binding to ERα using a large training data set of 3308 chemicals obtained from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Estrogenic Activity Database. We tested the model using cross validations and external data sets of 1641 chemicals obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ToxCast project. The model showed good performance in both internal (92% accuracy) and external validations (∼ 70-89% relative balanced accuracies), where the latter involved the validations of the model across different ER pathway-related assays in ToxCast. The important features that contribute to the prediction ability of the model were identified through informative descriptor analysis and were related to current knowledge of ER binding. Prediction confidence analysis revealed that the model had both high prediction confidence and accuracy for most predicted chemicals. The results demonstrated that the model constructed based on the large training data set is more accurate and robust for predicting ER binding of chemicals than the published models that have been developed using much smaller data sets. The model could be useful for the evaluation of ERα-mediated endocrine activity potential of environmental chemicals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Human Body
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links