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Fulltext Periprostatic lidocaine infiltration versus transrectal lidocaine gel for local anaesthesia in transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy

Goh, E.H., Christopher, C.K.H., Praveen, S., Zulkifli, M.Z.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2011;1(1):35-38.
MyJurnal

Management of pain plays an important role during prostate biopsy. Various types of management of pain plays an important role during prostate biopsy. Various types of anaesthetic methods have been used. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy and complication rate between periprostatic lidocaine infiltration and transrectal lidocaine gel in transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. All prostate biopsy patients were included except those with lidocaine, allergy, haemorrhagic diathesis, anticoagulation therapy, the inability to rate a visual analogue scale and inability to obtain consent. They were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received 20ml 2% transrectal lidocaine gel. Group 2 received 5ml 1% lidocaine infiltration for each periprostatic nerve block with 23-gauge spinal needle. After three minutes, prostate biopsy was performed with an 18 gauge 7-inch spring-loaded biopsy gun. Six biopsies were taken for each lobe. Pain during probe insertion, biopsy and immediately after the procedure was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale. Any complication immediately after procedure, one day or after one week, was recorded. Mean pain score was lower after periprostatic lidocaine infiltration compared to transrectal lidocaine gel (3.1 + 1.9 versus 4.9 + 2.4, p = 0.027). There was no statistically significant difference in the complication rate. Transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy using periprostatic lidocaine infiltration provides better anaesthesia as compared to the transrectal lidocaine gel application with no significant difference in complication. Thus, the use of periprostatic lidocaine infiltration in TRUS guided prostate biopsy is recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypersensitivity
Combating chlorhexidine allergy in perioperative setting

Shamsher S, Suhaimi NHI, Noor Ali R, Zulkifli K

Med J Malaysia, 2023 Jan;78(1):126-127.
PMID: 36715203

Chlorhexidine is labelled as hidden allergen as the health care professionals (HCPs) are unaware of the wide range of products containing chlorhexidine. Adverse events from chlorhexidine allergy can be reduced by appropriate perioperative management especially heeding on positive history during preoperative assessment, awareness regarding this hidden allergen, and educating HCPs on possible chlorhexidine-containing products. The regulatory agencies all over the world have issued recommendations regarding safety and risk of hypersensitivity reactions with chlorhexidine-containing products. The onus lies on HCPs to disseminate this knowledge to the stakeholders. We present a brief update to combat chlorhexidine allergy in perioperative setting.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypersensitivity*
Fulltext Streptococcus Constellatus Spondylodiscitis in a Teenager: A Case Report

Lim SW, Lim HY, Kannaiah T, Zuki Z

Malays Orthop J, 2017 Nov;11(3):50-52.
PMID: 29326768 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1711.004

Streptococcus constellatus is an extremely rare cause of pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Literature search yielded only one case report in an elderly 72 years old man with spontaneous T10-T11 S. constellatus spondylodiscitis. It is virtually unheard of in young teenage. We report the case of a 14 years old male teenager who presented with worsening low back pain for one year with no neurological deficit. Imaging studies were consistent with features of L4-L5 spondylodiscitis. CT guided biopsy grew a pure culture of streptococcus constellatus sensitive to penicillin and erythromycin. He showed full recovery with six weeks of intravenous antibiotics. Due to the insidious onset, this case highlight the importance of high clinical suspicion and early diagnosis, with image guided biopsy followed by treatment with appropriate intravenous antibiotics to enable full recovery without further neurological deterioration.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypersensitivity
First report on sensitization to allergens of a house dust mite, Suidasia pontifica (Acari: Saproglyphidae)

Mariana A, Ho TM, Gendeh BS, Iskandar H, Zainuldin-Taib M

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2000 Dec;31(4):722-3.
PMID: 11414419

A species of house dust mite, Suidasia pontifica, was recently shown to produce allergens affecting man. The species may be as important as other allergen producing mite in sensitization and causing allergic symptoms in Malaysians. Surveys conducted demonstrated that 80% of the houses surveyed were positive for this mite with densities ranged from 2 to 50 mites per gram of dust. Colonies of the species has been successfully established and materials from those colonies have been used to produce extracts for studies on sensitization to the mites. A total of 85 suspected allergic rhinitis patients were tested and 74.1% demonstrated positive reactions. Extract of this mite should be considered for routine diagnostic testing and possible immunotherapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypersensitivity/immunology*
Fulltext Immunomodulatory effect of papaya, mata kucing, dang shen and pu-erh tea on cytokines profile

Nur Ramziahrazanah Jumat, Pei Shin Chai, Chiew Yee Loh, Sharmili Vidyadaran, Zainina Seman

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(108):21-21.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Immune response against viral infections and tumors not only requires the recruitment of immune cells but also cytokines. Cytokine dysregulation is associated with inflammatory diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, infections and allergy. Intake of fruit and vegetables are known not only to reduce inflammation but may also provide protection against various diseases. Methods: Effects of selected fruits and herbs on cytokines profile of IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF and IL-12p70 were examined using the CBA flow cytometric assay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from blood samples of twelve healthy subjects aged 20 to 30 years [males = 6 and females = 6] were treated with papaya, mata kucing, dang shen and pu-erh tea, respectively, for 6 and 48 hours at various concentrations. In vivo effects was further tested on healthy volunteers [males = 2, females = 4] by 2-days consumption of papaya following 2-days washout period without papaya. The diet of volunteers was controlled with fixed meals. Results:In vitro results after 6 hours of culture showed that papaya-treated PBMC significantly increased IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6 but reduced IL-10. Mata kucing-treated PBMC significantly increased IL-8 but reduced IL-6 while pu-erh tea significantly reduced IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF. Cytokine analysis for dang shen-treated PBMC was only conducted at 48 hours. After 48 hours, papaya extract significantly reduced IL-8, IL-6 (8000 μg/ml), IL-10 and TNF. Significant increase of IL-6 was observed at 4000 and 16000 μg/ml. Mata kucing extract significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6 but reduced TNF. Significant increase of TNF was observed at 16000 μg/ml. Dang shen and pu-erh tea reduced IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF. However, in vivo papaya consumption did not show any significant changes and levels were low. Conclusion: This study showed fruits such as papaya and mata kucing had both stimulatory and inhibitory effect on various pro-inflammatory cytokines while effect of herbs such as dang shen and pu-erh tea were inhibitory. Immunomodulatory studies of natural food such as fruits and herbs may provide better understanding and subsequently improve management of inflammatory diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypersensitivity
Fulltext Silver Nanoparticles in the Water Environment in Malaysia: Inspection, characterization, removal, modeling, and future perspective

Syafiuddin A, Salmiati S, Hadibarata T, Kueh ABH, Salim MR, Zaini MAA

Sci Rep, 2018 01 17;8(1):986.
PMID: 29343711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19375-1

The current status of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the water environment in Malaysia was examined and reported. For inspection, two rivers and two sewage treatment plants (STPs) were selected. Two activated carbons derived from oil palm (ACfOPS) and coconut (ACfCS) shells were proposed as the adsorbent to remove AgNPs. It was found that the concentrations of AgNPs in the rivers and STPs are in the ranges of 0.13 to 10.16 mg L-1 and 0.13 to 20.02 mg L-1, respectively, with the highest concentration measured in July. ACfOPS and ACfCS removed up to 99.6 and 99.9% of AgNPs, respectively, from the water. The interaction mechanism between AgNPs and the activated carbon surface employed in this work was mainly the electrostatic force interaction via binding Ag+ with O- presented in the activated carbon to form AgO. Fifteen kinetic models were compared statistically to describe the removal of AgNPs. It was found that the experimental adsorption data can be best described using the mixed 1,2-order model. Therefore, this model has the potential to be a candidate for a general model to describe AgNPs adsorption using numerous materials, its validation of which has been confirmed with other material data from previous works.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Hypersensitivity
Fulltext Non-compliance with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) among asthma patients in Yazd City, Iran

Azam Rahim, Maimaiti, Namaitijiag, Abuduli, Maihebureti, Zafar Ahmed

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2013;13(2):77-87.
MyJurnal

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. It is estimated that around 300 million people in the world currently have asthma. The prevalence of asthma is increasing in most of countries, especially among children. The burden of severe asthma is considerable high in the Middle East courtiers including Iran. This study to investigate the effect of patients' knowledge about Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS), attitude and health beliefs toward ICS, and behavioral intention to adhere to prescribed ICS in adult asthmatic patients in Yazd city, Iran. A cross sectional study was conducted from August 2008 to January 2009 in three private allergy and asthma clinics, located in Yazd city of Iran, using Structured face to face interviews using a questionnaire by the researcher. The results showed that the majority of patients (55.5%) were not adherent to their prescribed ICS. Patients’ knowledge toward ICS did not have effect on medication adherence behavior, while patients with positive attitude toward ICS were better adherent with their medication. Linear regression model identifies intention to comply with treatment and positive attitude toward ICS as predictors for adherence behavior. This study shows the relationship between medications beliefs, attitude, behavioral intention, and medication adherence. A better understanding of patient's medication beliefs, and attitude and their effect on compliance may help health care system to promote adherence.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypersensitivity
Fulltext LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM LOCALLY PRODUCED VINEGARS AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST FOODBORNE BACTERIA

AGNES LEE CHIU NEE, MOHD NIZAM LANI, ROZILA ALIAS, ZAITON HASSAN

UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2019;1(2):1-7.
MyJurnal

Vinegars are most widely used as preservatives in food industry. Vinegars are known for their health benefits; however, the roles of vinegar-associated microflora in locally produced vinegars are not well established. The objectives of this study are to isolate and identify the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from black rice vinegar and coconut vinegar, measure their pH and titratable acidity, and determine their antibacterial activity. LAB was isolated using cultural method. Phenotypic characterization of LAB was carried out using Gram-staining, oxidase test, catalase test and API 50 CHL Kit. Results from API 50 CHL Kit confirmed that BRV03M strain from black rice vinegar and CV03M strain from coconut vinegar were Lactobacillus paracaseissp. paracasei. The identified bacteria in both samples were consistent as L. paracaseiusing 16S rDNAgene sequences with 93% and 99% similarity, respectively. The pH and titratable acidity percentage of both vinegars were also determined. The stability of Cell Free Supernatant-Lactic Acid Bacteria (CFS-LAB) strains within 14 days on their inhibition against selected pathogenic bacteria was determined using agar well diffusion method. The CFS-LAB strain isolated from black rice vinegar (BRV03M) was more stable within 14 days than coconut vinegar in inhibiting tested bacteria, suggesting this strain has great potential as natural antibacterial agents.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Hypersensitivity
Fulltext Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria as an Emerging Tool to Manage Bacterial Rice Pathogens

Ngalimat MS, Mohd Hata E, Zulperi D, Ismail SI, Ismail MR, Mohd Zainudin NAI, et al.

Microorganisms, 2021 Mar 26;9(4).
PMID: 33810209 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040682

As a major food crop, rice (Oryza sativa) is produced and consumed by nearly 90% of the population in Asia with less than 9% produced outside Asia. Hence, reports on large scale grain losses were alarming and resulted in a heightened awareness on the importance of rice plants' health and increased interest against phytopathogens in rice. To serve this interest, this review will provide a summary on bacterial rice pathogens, which can potentially be controlled by plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Additionally, this review highlights PGPB-mediated functional traits, including biocontrol of bacterial rice pathogens and enhancement of rice plant's growth. Currently, a plethora of recent studies address the use of PGPB to combat bacterial rice pathogens in an attempt to replace existing methods of chemical fertilizers and pesticides that often lead to environmental pollutions. As a tool to combat bacterial rice pathogens, PGPB presented itself as a promising alternative in improving rice plants' health and simultaneously controlling bacterial rice pathogens in vitro and in the field/greenhouse studies. PGPB, such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Streptomyces, are now very well-known. Applications of PGPB as bioformulations are found to be effective in improving rice productivity and provide an eco-friendly alternative to agroecosystems.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Hypersensitivity
Fulltext Effects of Different Types of Plant-Based Milk and Animal-Based Milk Delivery Vehicle on Growth of Lactobacillus Plantarum

Nurhazirah Salehen, Nurzafirah Mazlan, Oon, Chuah Li, Siti Marwanis Anua,, Young, Thung Tze

Journal of Management & Science, 2018;16(2):67-73.
MyJurnal

Probiotics has been discovered long time ago for its beneficial effect on health when consumed especially to the people who had allergy and gastrointestinal disease. This preliminary study was conducted to find out which vehicles can allow better growth of probiotic. Lactobacillus plantarum was used in this study as choice of probiotic to be cultured in the four types of milk. The pH value was recorded for determination of growths and metabolic activity of the probiotic. Results showed that L. plantarum in soy milk can grow and had a better metabolic activity in the cultured soy milk with pH 3.46 compared to others. The highest growth was recorded at optical density of 1.137 in soy milk at 560nm. This result showed that L. plantarum in soy milk multiply rapidly compared to other milks. As conclusion, soy milk has better development of probiotic as delivery vehicles compare to cow milk, goat milk and coconut milk.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypersensitivity
Fulltext The Microbiome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome - A Review on the Pathophysiology, Current Research and Future Therapy

Chong PP, Chin VK, Looi CY, Wong WF, Madhavan P, Yong VC

Front Microbiol, 2019;10:1136.
PMID: 31244784 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01136

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder which affects a large proportion of the population globally. The precise etiology of IBS is still unknown, although consensus understanding proposes IBS to be of multifactorial origin with yet undefined subtypes. Genetic and epigenetic factors, stress-related nervous and endocrine systems, immune dysregulation and the brain-gut axis seem to be contributing factors that predispose individuals to IBS. In addition to food hypersensitivity, toxins and adverse life events, chronic infections and dysbiotic gut microbiota have been suggested to trigger IBS symptoms in tandem with the predisposing factors. This review will summarize the pathophysiology of IBS and the role of gut microbiota in relation to IBS. Current methodologies for microbiome studies in IBS such as genome sequencing, metagenomics, culturomics and animal models will be discussed. The myriad of therapy options such as immunoglobulins (immune-based therapy), probiotics and prebiotics, dietary modifications including FODMAP restriction diet and gluten-free diet, as well as fecal transplantation will be reviewed. Finally this review will highlight future directions in IBS therapy research, including identification of new molecular targets, application of 3-D gut model, gut-on-a-chip and personalized therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Hypersensitivity
Fulltext Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine for children with egg allergy: Is admission for inpatient vaccination necessary?

Tan MS, Teoh EJ, Hor CP, Yeoh AA

Med J Malaysia, 2016 Aug;71(4):157-160.
PMID: 27770112 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: Children who develop any hypersensitivity reaction to eggs are routinely referred to hospital for Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccination as inpatients to prevent anaphylaxis. We aimed to study the association between hypersensitivity reactions after egg exposure and similar reactions after MMR immunisation; and examine the necessity of hospital admission for vaccination.
METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted in Paediatric Department in Bukit Mertajam Hospital, Penang, between March and December 2014. Children referred from local polyclinics for inpatient MMR vaccination because of a history of egg allergy were recruited. The children were observed in the ward for post vaccination allergic reactions. Concurrently, a group of children without egg allergy was recruited from those admitted for other illnesses but had recent MMR vaccination at polyclinics. Parents of these children were interviewed and asked if they had observed any reactions post vaccination. In both groups, sociodemographics, medical history and family history of atopy were collected.
RESULTS: Eighty-seven subjects were recruited in this study. Fifty-four infants with egg allergy had previous mild allergic reactions after exposure to eggs or egg-related products. They were associated with a family history of egg hypersensitivity, personal history of acute gastroenteritis and upper respiratory tract infections. Two of them developed cutaneous rashes post vaccination during observation, but none developed anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions. Two infants among those without egg allergy had post vaccination fever. There was no association between egg allergy and hypersensitivity reactions to MMR vaccine (p=0.632).
CONCLUSIONS: MMR vaccine can be safely administered to children with mild egg allergy, hence admission for vaccination in the hospital is not warranted. Risk stratification is required to ensure only infants with severe reactions will be admitted for vaccination.

Matched MeSH terms: Egg Hypersensitivity*
Prevalence of latex allergy may be vastly overestimated when determined by in vitro assays

Yeang HY

Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol., 2000 Jun;84(6):628-32.
PMID: 10875493 DOI: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62415-5

BACKGROUND:
The prevalence of latex-specific IgE computed from the results of serologic assays is commonly thought to reflect, to a greater or lesser extent, the prevalence of latex allergy and its implied risk.

OBJECTIVE:
The study examines how imperfect test specificity of in vitro assays influences the precision of latex allergy prevalence that it estimates.

METHODS:
Various models encompassing a range of hypothetical test sensitivity and specificity values are investigated to gauge their influence on the estimate of latex allergy prevalence. The models examine these interactions in situations of high or low allergy prevalence.

RESULTS:
Serologic latex diagnostic assays with test specificity within the range of those of commercially available assays can greatly overestimate prevalence where the true prevalence is low (eg, of the order of one in 100 or one in 1,000). A formula to correct for errors in prevalence estimates arising from imperfect test sensitivity and specificity of an in vitro assay is presented.

CONCLUSION:
While serologic assays for latex IgE pose few hazards to the patient and are useful for confirming the diagnosis of latex allergy, the test results may vastly overestimate the true prevalence of latex allergy and its associated risks in situations where latex allergy is actually rare.

Matched MeSH terms: Latex Hypersensitivity/diagnosis; Latex Hypersensitivity/epidemiology*
Natural rubber latex allergens: new developments

Yeang HY

Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol, 2004 Apr;4(2):99-104.
PMID: 15021061

PURPOSE OF REVIEW:
New allergenic latex proteins have been identified, whereas further information on known latex allergens has emerged in recent years. Although prevalence figures for sensitization to the various latex allergens have been published in several studies in the past, the data have not been collated to facilitate cross-comparison.

RECENT FINDINGS:
Salient characteristics of the three most recently identified latex allergens, Hev b 11, 12 and 13 are described, whereas new findings on some of the previously recognized allergens are examined. Hev b 2 is viewed from the standpoint of allergenicity and protein glycosylation, Hev b 4 in relation to its biochemical identity and molecular cloning, Hev b 5 with respect to its recombinant form, and Hev b 6 in connection with conformational IgE epitopes. Reports on sensitization or allergic reaction to purified latex allergens from recent and past work are summarized. The use of latex allergens in latex allergy diagnostics is reviewed and discussed.

SUMMARY:
Thirteen latex allergens have been recognized by the International Union of Immunological Societies. Based on the results of published studies, native Hev b 2, recombinant Hev b 5, native or recombinant Hev b 6, native Hev b 13, and possibly native Hev b 4 are the major allergens relevant to latex-sensitized adults. Although there is an increasing tendency to identify and characterize latex allergens largely on the basis of their recombinant forms, not all such recombinant proteins have been fully validated against their native counterparts with respect to clinical significance.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/etiology*; Latex Hypersensitivity/diagnosis; Latex Hypersensitivity/etiology*
Molecular cloning and immunoglobulin E reactivity of a natural rubber latex lecithinase homologue, the major allergenic component of Hev b 4

Sunderasan E, Bahari A, Arif SA, Zainal Z, Hamilton RG, Yeang HY

Clin Exp Allergy, 2005 Nov;35(11):1490-5.
PMID: 16297147 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02371.x

BACKGROUND:
Hev b 4 is an allergenic natural rubber latex (NRL) protein complex that is reactive in skin prick tests and in vitro immunoassays. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Hev b 4 is discerned predominantly at 53-55 kDa together with a 57 kDa minor component previously identified as a cyanogenic glucosidase. Of the 13 NRL allergens recognized by the International Union of Immunological Societies, the 53-55 kDa Hev b 4 major protein is the only candidate that lacks complete cDNA and protein sequence information.

OBJECTIVE:
We sought to clone the transcript encoding the Hev b 4 major protein, and characterize the native protein and its recombinant form in relation to IgE binding.

METHODS:
The 5'/3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends method was employed to obtain the complete cDNA of the Hev b 4 major protein. A recombinant form of the protein was over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The native Hev b 4 major protein was deglycosylated by trifluoromethane sulphonic acid. Western immunoblots of the native, deglycosylated and recombinant proteins were performed using both polyclonal antibodies and sera from latex-allergic patients.

RESULTS:
The cDNA encoding the Hev b 4 major protein was cloned. Its open reading frame matched lecithinases in the conserved domain database and contained 10 predicted glycosylation sites. Detection of glycans on the Hev b 4 lecithinase homologue confirmed it to be a glycoprotein. The deglycosylated lecithinase homologue was discerned at 40 kDa on SDS-PAGE, this being comparable to the 38.53 kDa mass predicted by its cDNA. Deglycosylation of the lecithinase homologue resulted in the loss of IgE recognition, although reactivity to polyclonal rabbit anti-Hev b 4 was retained. IgE from latex-allergic patients also failed to recognize the non-glycosylated E. coli recombinant lecithinase homologue.

CONCLUSION:
The IgE epitopes of the Hev b 4 lecithinase homologue reside mainly in its carbohydrate moiety, which also account for the discrepancy between the observed molecular weight of the protein and the value calculated from its cDNA.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Hypersensitivity/immunology
Fulltext Risk of eczema, wheezing and respiratory tract infections in the first year of life: A systematic review of vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy and at birth

Mustapa Kamal Basha MA, Majid HA, Razali N, Yahya A

PLoS One, 2020;15(6):e0233890.
PMID: 32542014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233890

BACKGROUND: Allergic conditions and respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common causes of morbidity and mortality in childhood. The relationship between vitamin D status in pregnancy (mothers), early life (infants) and health outcomes such as allergies and RTIs in infancy is unclear. To date, studies have shown conflicting results.
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to gather and appraise existing evidence on the associations between serum vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy and at birth and the development of eczema, wheezing, and RTIs in infants.
DATA SOURCES: PubMed, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Academic Search Premier databases were searched systematically using specified search terms and keywords.
STUDY SELECTION: Articles on the associations between serum vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy and at birth and eczema, wheezing, and RTIs among infants (1-year-old and younger) published up to 31 March 2019 were identified, screened and retrieved.
RESULTS: From the initial 2678 articles screened, ten met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. There were mixed and conflicting results with regards to the relationship between maternal and cord blood vitamin D concentrations and the three health outcomes-eczema, wheezing and RTIs-in infants.
CONCLUSION: Current findings revealed no robust and consistent associations between vitamin D status in early life and the risk of developing eczema, wheezing and RTIs in infants. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018093039.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypersensitivity/epidemiology*
Effectiveness of drug allergy card to prevent repeated prescribing of allergenic medications in a Malaysian public hospital

Lee FY, Chan HK, Wong HS

Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 2019 05;28(5):760-761.
PMID: 30919516 DOI: 10.1002/pds.4780
Matched MeSH terms: Drug Hypersensitivity/epidemiology; Drug Hypersensitivity/prevention & control*
The manifestations and measurement of immunity to malaria in different races

Wilson DB, Wilson ME

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1937;30:431-448.
DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(37)90131-7

1. 1. The results of various studies by other workers on the spleen and parasite rates in Indians, Malays and Bantu are summarized. 2. 2. The results of our own observations on Khonds in India, and on Masai and Bantu in East Africa are also summarized and compared with the foregoing and with one another. 3. 3. It is pointed out that wide differences may be found in the malarial status of communities in the same country and, in the case of the Bantu, of the same race; while close similarities occur in different countries. 4. 4. The results of experimental infections in birds and monkeys are cited and interpreted in terms of the two states of allergy and immunity. The probable significance of these is illustrated by reference to the role of the two states in tuberculosis. 5. 5. It is suggested that the observed contrasts in the spleen and parasite rates in diverse communities may also be explained in terms of immunity and hypersensitivity. 6. 6. It is concluded that the immune status is dependent not on race but on the frequency of infection; and that the most accurate index of endemicity is the frequency of infections in the non-immune, that is the rate in early infancy. 7. 7. While a consideration of the Spleen Rate and Endemic Index may be of value in forming an estimate of endemicity and immunity when similar communities are being compared, these indices may be misleading when the epidemiological surroundings are dissimilar. 8. 8. A consideration of the variation with age in the spleen and parasite rates throws more light on endemicity and immunity and on such variation a rough classification may be made into immune and sub-immune communities. 9. 9. But it is suggested that by far the most sensitive index at present available for field studies is the average parasite count, and its variation with age. c 1937.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypersensitivity
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and respiratory symptoms in junior high school students in Penang, Malaysia: the role of household exposure

Norbäck D, Hashim JH, Hashim Z, Wieslander G

Int J Environ Health Res, 2024 Jan;34(1):213-224.
PMID: 36335594 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2143482

We studied associations between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), health and household exposure among school children (N = 348) in Penang, Malaysia. Multiple logistic regression and linear mixed models were applied. Overall, 46.0% had elevated FeNO (>20 ppb) and 10.6% diagnosed asthma. Male gender (p = 0.002), parental asthma or allergy (p = 0.047), cat allergy (p = 0.009) and seafood allergy (p

Matched MeSH terms: Hypersensitivity*
Fulltext Incorporating Drought and Submergence Tolerance QTL in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)-The Effects under Reproductive Stage Drought and Vegetative Stage Submergence Stresses

Mohd Ikmal A, Noraziyah AAS, Wickneswari R

Plants (Basel), 2021 Jan 24;10(2).
PMID: 33498963 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020225

Drought and submergence have been the major constraint in rice production. The present study was conducted to develop high-yielding rice lines with tolerance to drought and submergence by introgressing Sub1 into a rice line with drought yield QTL (qDTY; QTL = quantitative trait loci) viz. qDTY3.1 and qDTY12.1 using marker-assisted breeding. We report here the effect of different combinations of Sub1 and qDTY on morpho-physiological, agronomical traits and yield under reproductive stage drought stress (RS) and non-stress (NS) conditions. Lines with outstanding performance in RS and NS trials were also evaluated in vegetative stage submergence stress (VS) trial to assess the tolerance level. The QTL class analysis revealed Sub1 + qDTY3.1 as the best QTL combination affecting the measured traits in RS trial followed by Sub1 + qDTY12.1. The effects of single Sub1, qDTY3.1 and qDTY12.1 were not as superior as when the QTLs are combined, suggesting the positive interaction of Sub1 and qDTY. Best performing lines selected from the RS and NS trials recorded yield advantage up to 4453.69 kg ha-1 and 6954 kg ha-1 over the parents, respectively. The lines were also found having great tolerance to submergence ranging from 80% to 100%, contributed by a lower percentage of shoot elongation and reduction of chlorophyll content after 14 days of VS. These lines could provide yield sustainability to farmers in regions impacted with drought and submergence while serving as important genetic materials for future breeding programs.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Hypersensitivity

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