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  1. Fulltext Towards improved fat intake and nutrition for Malaysians
    Malays J Nutr, 1995;1(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    An examination of the fat composition of the diet of a Malaysian urban hostel population obtained by chemical analysis of representative meals prepared by a 7-day rotation menu, revealed both nutritional attributes and limitations when compared against the dietary messages contained in the American Heart Association (AHA) and World Health Organisation (WHO) models. The Malaysian diet supplies 26% kcal i.e. 66 g total fat (51 g vegetable fats, 15 g animal fats) and contains
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  2. Fulltext Food intakes and habits of rural elderly Malays
    Shahar S, Earland J, Rahman SA
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2000 Jun;9(2):122-9.
    PMID: 24394398
    A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out on 350 elderly Malays aged 60 and above from 11 randomly selected villages in a rural area on the east coast of Malaysia. The findings indicated that the mean intakes of energy and of all of the nutrients investigated were below the Malaysian Recommended Dietary Allowances, except for protein and vitamin C. With respect to dietary habits, almost all of the subjects reported that they had breakfast (99.3%), lunch (97.9%) and dinner (90.4%) daily or almost daily (5-6 times/week). However, approximately half of the subjects, especially women, had particular beliefs and prohibitions about specific foods. Most of the subjects usually ate their meals at home, particularly dinner, with 99.3% always having dinner in their own home. Thus, although the rural elderly Malays studied had regular meal intakes, the dietary intake was inadequate. There is a need to plan community-based intervention programmes in order to prevent the subsequent consequences of malnutrition that lead to increased morbidity and mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  3. Fulltext Plate waste among hospital inpatients
    Lily Zakiah, M.D., Saimy, I., Maimunah, A.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2005;5(2):19-24.
    MyJurnal
    Several studies had shown that the problem of plate waste in hospitals ranged from 17% to 67%. This study aimed to determine the extent of plate waste in a district government hospital, the type of food item wasted and the factors contributing to food waste. A oross»sectional study was conducted in a district hospital, involving four third class wards. A total of 300 patients were included in the study. A plate waste was dehned as the proportion of edible portion of food served that was discarded by patients. The serving size was established by weighing each food item served over breakfast, lunch and dinner on a seven·day rotation menu, using the procedure recommended by the National Food Service Management, During the study period, the left over from each patient’s plate was weighed for all meals. The plate waste for each patient was determined by dividing the total weight of the left over with the average serving weight for the same serving in the same ward. Each patient was also given a self-administered questionnaire to obtain information on reasons or not consuming the ood items served. The overall mean ercentage plate waste of all food served in the four wards was 42.6%. Plate wastage occurred most at dinner (53.2%) and least at breakfast (31 .3%). Vegetables were the most wasted food items. Females wasted significantly higher than males for all meals. Food taste, portion size, appetite and staff service efficiency were factors found signihcantly contributing to plate waste. With almost half of the food served was wasted, hospital management need to direct more attention towards addressing the problem of plate waste since it has both nutritional and cost implications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  4. Fulltext Eating patterns of school children and adolescents in Kuala Lumpur
    Moy FM, Gan CY, Mohd Kassim SZ
    Malays J Nutr, 2006;12(1):1-10.
    MyJurnal
    Eating patterns such as eating frequency, skipping of breakfast, and frequency of meals eaten away from home might influence school-going children's nutritional status, which will then influence their health and academic performance. This article reports the findings of a survey on the eating patterns of the school children and adolescents in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 3620 school children studying in Primary 5, Secondary 2 and Secondary 4 were selected using multi-stage sampling. The students were surveyed using a pre-tested questionnaire while their weights and heights were measured in the field. It was found that 19.9% skipped at least one meal a day with the youngest group having the lowest prevalence. The most frequently missed meal is breakfast (12.6%) followed by lunch (6.7%) and dinner (4.4%). The school is an important provider of breakfast and lunch for the students. As the students' age increased, the prevalence of eating breakfast and lunch in school increased. The youngest age group had the highest prevalence of snacking and taking of nutritional supplements (p<0.05). Fast food and local hawker food were also consumed by about 60-70% of the students. Logistic regression analysis showed that skipping of breakfast is significantly associated with age, sex, BMI and taking of nutritional supplements. Promotion of healthy eating should be targeted at students in primary and secondary schools as they tend to depend on outside food.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  5. Fulltext Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for assessment of energy, total fat, fatty acids, and vitamin A, C and E intake among Malaysian women: comparison with three days 24-hour diet recalls
    Mohd Razif Shahril, Suhaina Sulaiman, Soraya Hanie Shaharudin, Nurismah Md Isa, Sharifah Noor Akmal Syed Hussain
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(2):75-91.
    MyJurnal
    Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is a practical tool for the measurement of usual food intake in large surveys because it gives a quick approximation to 'true' dietary intake. This study was carried out to compare the semiquantitative FFQ with three day 24-hour diet recalls (24-hr DR) in assessing intake of energy, total fat, fatty acids and vitamin A, C and E among Malaysian women. This semi-quantitative FFQ which was developed specifically for the Malay and Indian ethnicities has 200 food items and categorized according to three mealtimes namely breakfast, lunch or dinner and morning or afternoon snacks. A total of 51 Malay and 28 Indian women aged between 30 to 60 years were selected as study subjects. The result of the study shows that majority of study subjects were within the normal EI/BMR ratio when their energy intake was assessed by semi-quantitative FFQ (70%) and 24-hr DR (74%). However, 10% of study subjects became over-reporters when their intakes were assessed using the semi-quantitative FFQ. Analysis of t-test shows there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) on the mean intake of energy, total fats, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin A, C and E between semi-quantitative FFQ and 24-hr DR. Percent mean differences were also less than 10% for all nutrients included in this study. This indicates that the semi-quantitative FFQ can produce comparable results with 24-hr DR. Energy adjusted correlation coefficient values for all studied nutrients were total fat (r = 0.64, p = 0.02), saturated fatty acids (r = 0.59, p = 0.01), monounsaturated fatty acids (r = 0.52, p = 0.03), polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = 0.57, p = 0.02), vitamin A (r = 0.69, p = 0.01), retinol (r = 0.55, p = 0.01), beta carotene (r = 0.74, p = 0.01), vitamin C (r = 0.64, p = 0.02) and vitamin E (r = 0.69, p = 0.01). Cross-classification for both methods into quartiles of intake resulted in correct classification into the same or adjacent quartile from 82% to 96% of the study subjects. Only 3% of the subjects were grossly misclassified. As a conclusion, this semi-quantitative FFQ gives estimation as good as 24-hr DR for intakes of energy, total fat, fatty acids and vitamin A, C and E among Malaysian women specifically for the Malay and Indian ethnicities. This semi-quantitative FFQ is a useful tool in dietary intake assessment for research use especially for epidemiological study on diet and disease relationship such as cardiovascular, cancer and diabetes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  6. Fulltext The effect of low glycemic index bread eaten with different fillings on blood glucose response in healthy individuals
    Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof, Ruzita Abd. Talib, Norimah A. Karim, Nor Azmi Kamarudin, Fatimah Arshad
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(1):1-10.
    MyJurnal
    White and whole meal breads have been classified as high glycemic index (GI) foods which in turn produce the greatest rise in blood glucose. One of the commercial bread products in Malaysia known as Brown breads (BB) has been recently marketed as a healthy choice for diabetics due to its low GI value. This study was conducted to examine the effect of BB when eaten with different fillings on blood glucose response among healthy individuals and to describe the influences of these fillings in reducing blood glucose response. Five test meals using BB (BB eaten with baked beans, BB eaten with vegetable, BB eaten with apple, BB eaten with roast chicken and BB eaten with seaweeds) had been prepared for this study. Postprandial blood glucose response was determined for each test meal and reference food (glucose) that contained 50 g carbohydrate respectively. A total of 21 healthy subjects were recruited by advertisement to participate. Only 20 subjects (15 males, 5 females, Mean + SD Age : 24.4 + 3.7 years; BMI 23.4 + 3.0 kgm-2) completed this study. After an overnight fast, subjects consumed BB eaten with fillings according to the assigned group given and three repeated tests of reference food (glucose). Fasting capillary blood glucose samples were taken at time 0 and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min respectively after the meal began. The blood glucose response was obtained by calculating the incremental area under the curve (AUC). Blood glucose response after consuming reference food (251.8 + 12.1 mmol.min/L) was significantly higher than all the test meals (p < 0.05). Among the test meals, BB eaten with baked beans produced the highest rise in blood glucose (97.0 + 16.9 mmol.min/L) whereas BB eaten with seaweeds demonstrated the lowest response in blood glucose (33.3 + 6.5 mmol.min/L) and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The postprandial blood glucose response after ingestion of BB when eaten with vegetable was 73.3 + 19.1 mmol.min/L followed by BB eaten with apple (58.9 + 12.2 mmol.min/L) and BB eaten with roast chicken (56.5 + 10.1 mmol.min/L). Generally, BB when eaten with fillings produced a slow rise in blood glucose response than the reference food. Combining this BB with fillings had the effect of reducing the postprandial blood glucose further.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  7. Fulltext Antihyperglycemic and glucose tolerance activity of ficus deltoidea ethanolic extract in diabetic rats
    Zainah Adam, Muhajir Hamid, Amin Ismail, Shafii Khamis, Norazizah Marsidi
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2010;8(1):25-30.
    MyJurnal
    Ficus deltoidea or Mas cotek is one of the common medicinal plants used in Malaysia has been claimed to have antidiabetic activity. However, scientific evidence to confirm its efficacy is still lacking. Thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of ethanolic extract of Ficus deltoidea to reduce hyperglycaemia in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats at different prandial state. The results showed that, ethanolic extract of Ficus deltoidea significantly reduced fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia particularly after 4 and 6 hours of extract administration. Likewise, glucose tolerance activity was significantly improved in the presence of Ficus deltoidea ethanolic extract at a low dose, 100 mg/kg. It is suggested that ethanolic extract of Ficus deltoidea at particular doses, possess fasting and postprandial antihyperglycemic activity as well as glucose tolerance activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  8. Fulltext Nutritional status, dietary intake patterns and nutrition knowledge of children aged 5-6 years attending kindergartens in the Klang Valley, Malaysia
    Poh BK, Kathryn Tham BL, Wong SN, Winnie Chee SS, Tee ES
    Malays J Nutr, 2012 Aug;18(2):231-42.
    PMID: 24575669 MyJurnal
    Early childhood is a period during which many factors influence the development of lifelong eating habits. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of young children and to determine factors related to eating habits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  9. Fulltext Meal patterns of Malaysian adults: findings from the Malaysian adults nutrition survey (MANS)
    Wan Abdul Manan WM, Nur Firdaus I, Safiah MY, Siti Haslinda MD, Poh BK, Norimah AK, et al.
    Malays J Nutr, 2012 Aug;18(2):221-30.
    PMID: 24575668 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Meal patterns have received little attention in nutrition studies. The aim of this study is to present the findings on general meal patterns of Malaysian adults.
    METHODS: The Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS), carried out in 2002 and 2003, involved 6,928 adults selected by stratified random sampling from all households by zone in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak.
    RESULTS: In general, the results showed that most respondents (74.16%) ate three meals per day; 89.20% of the respondents consumed breakfast, while 88.57% consumed lunch and 91.97% consumed dinner with no significant difference in terms of sex. In Peninsular Malaysia, the Northern Zone had the highest number of people consuming breakfast compared to other zones. Meanwhile, the population in Sarawak had the largest proportion of people consuming lunch and dinner, but the smallest proportion of people consuming breakfast. A significantly higher number of the rural population consumed breakfast and lunch than urbanites; however there was no significant difference in dinner consumption. Generally, breakfast consumption increased with age whereby significant difference existed between the 18 to 19 years age group and the age group of 30 years and older. Lunch intake among the age groups showed no significant difference. In contrast, dinner consumption was significantly lower among the 18 to 19 years age group compared to all other age groups. Comparison among the ethnic groups showed that the Indian population had the lowest percentage of having breakfast and lunch while the Orang Asli had the lowest percentage of consuming dinner. However, the Orang Asli recorded the highest percentage for taking breakfast and lunch while the Chinese had the highest percentage of taking dinner.
    CONCLUSION: Considering that Malaysian adults consumed their conventional breakfast, lunch and dinner, these findings indicatethat Malaysians are maintaining their traditional meal patterns.
    Study name: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2003)
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals*
  10. Fulltext Social and psychological factors affecting eating habits among university students in a Malaysian medical school: a cross-sectional study
    Ganasegeran K, Al-Dubai SA, Qureshi AM, Al-abed AA, Am R, Aljunid SM
    Nutr J, 2012;11:48.
    PMID: 22809556 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-48
    BACKGROUND: Eating habits have been a major concern among university students as a determinant of health status. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of eating habits and its associated social and psychological factors among medical students.
    METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted among 132 medical students of pre-clinical phase at a Malaysian university. A self-administered questionnaire was used which included questions on socio-demography, anthropometry, eating habits and psychosocial factors.
    RESULTS: Mean (± SD) age of the respondents was 22.7 (± 2.4) years and (the age) ranged from 18 to 30 years. More than half had regular meals and breakfast (57.6% &, 56.1% respectively). Majority (73.5%) consumed fruits less than three times per week, 51.5% had fried food twice or more a week and 59.8% drank water less than 2 liters daily. Eating habits score was significantly low among younger students (18-22 years), smokers, alcohol drinkers and those who did not exercise. (p<0.05). Four psychological factors out of six, were significantly associated with eating habits (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, age and 'eating because of feeling happy' were significantly associated with eating habits score (p<0.05).
    CONCLUSION: Most of the students in this study had healthy eating habits. Social and psychological factors were important determinants of eating habits among medical students.
    Study site: Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia
    Scales & Questionnaires: Compulsive Eating Scale
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  11. Effect of mushroom supplementation as a prebiotic compound in super worm based diet on growth performance of red tilapia fingerlings
    Abd Rahman Jabir Mohd Din, Shaharudin Abdul Razak, Sabaratnam V
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1197-1203.
    A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of mushroom supplementation as a prebiotic compound in an insect-based diet on the growth performance and feed utilization of red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). A total of 120 fingerlings were divided in triplicates for each treatment. Four experimental diets were offered to the fishes within a 56 days treatment period. Out of the four diets, three contained mushroom stalk meal (MSM) supplementation at various levels of inclusion of prebiotic compound (0.5% MSM; 1.0% MSM; 1.5% MSM) and the fourth a control diet without MSM inclusion. During the growth test, fish receiving diet containing prebiotic showed significantly higher (p<0.05) mean individual body weight in comparison with the control diet. The best effect was obtained in fish fed with Diet 2, where the specific growth rate (SGR) was 1.74%, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 0.58, protein efficiency ratio (PER) was 5.17 and survival was 93.33%. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in whole body protein and ash contents among the fish feeding on these diets. All water quality parameters showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in all treatments. The result of this feeding trial indicated that the 10% supplementation level of MSM as a prebiotic for tilapia could be used in the insect-based diet, Zophobas morio.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  12. Fulltext Relationship between family meals away from home and nutritional status of adolescents
    Cynthia J, Zalilah MS, Lim MY
    Malays J Nutr, 2013 Apr;19(1):25-35.
    PMID: 24800382 MyJurnal
    Despite the many benefits of family meals, data on association between family meals away from home (FMAFH) and nutritional status of adolescents is limited. This study determined the association between FMAFH with dietary intake and body mass index of adolescents (N = 408).
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals/physiology*
  13. Fulltext Modulation of human postprandial lipemia by changing ratios of polyunsaturated to saturated (P/S) fatty acid content of blended dietary fats: a cross-over design with repeated measures
    Karupaiah T, Sundram K
    Nutr J, 2013 Aug 16;12:122.
    PMID: 23953645 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-122
    BACKGROUND: Postprandial lipemia (PL) contributes to coronary artery disease. The fatty acid composition of dietary fats is potentially a modifiable factor in modulating PL response.

    METHODS: This human postprandial study evaluated 3 edible fat blends with differing polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P/S) ratios (POL = 0.27, AHA = 1.00, PCAN = 1.32). A cross-over design included mildly hypercholestrolemic subjects (9 men and 6 women) preconditioned on test diets fats at 31% energy for 7 days prior to the postprandial challenge on the 8th day with 50 g test fat. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins were monitored at 0, 1.5, 3.5, 5.5 and 7 hr.

    RESULTS: Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations in response to POL, AHA or PCAN meals were not significant for time x test meal interactions (P > 0.05) despite an observed trend (POL > AHA > PCAN). TAG area-under-the-curve (AUC) increased by 22.58% after POL and 7.63% after PCAN compared to AHA treatments (P > 0.05). Plasma total cholesterol (TC) response was not significant between meals (P > 0.05). Varying P/S ratios of test meals significantly altered prandial high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations (P  AHA > PCAN). Paired comparisons was significant between POL vs PCAN (P = 0.009) but not with AHA or between AHA vs PCAN (P > 0.05). A significantly higher HDL-C AUC for POL vs AHA (P = 0.015) and PCAN (P = 0.001) was observed. HDL-C AUC increased for POL by 25.38% and 16.0% compared to PCAN and AHA respectively. Plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations was significant (P = 0.005) between meals and significantly lowest after POL meal compared to PCAN (P = 0.004) and AHA (P > 0.05) but not between AHA vs PCAN (P > 0.05). AUC for LDL-C was not significant between diets (P > 0.05). Palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids in TAGs and cholesteryl esters were significantly modulated by meal source (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  14. Fulltext The bioaccessibility of eicosapentaenoic acid was higher from phospholipid food products than from mono- and triacylglycerol food products in a dynamic gastrointestinal model
    Domoto N, Koenen ME, Havenaar R, Mikajiri A, Chu BS
    Food Sci Nutr, 2013 Nov;1(6):409-15.
    PMID: 24804049 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.58
    The bioaccessibility of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the forms of monoacylglycerol (EPA-MAG), triacylglycerol (EPA-TAG), and phospholipid (EPA-PL) during gastrointestinal passage was compared in this study using a dynamic gastrointestinal model (TIM system). The TIM system simulated the average upper gastrointestinal tract conditions of healthy human adults after intake of a meal (fed state conditions). In this study, the three EPA-rich oils were separately homogenized with full fat milk to obtain oil-in-water emulsions. Plain yogurt was added into the mixture at an emulsion/yogurt ratio of 4:1 (w/w) as the food matrix of the test products. The results show that the test meals containing EPA-PL left the stomach compartment most efficiently in comparison with the gastric emptying of EPA-MAG and EPA-TAG. The PLs also showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher bioaccessibility of EPA (75-80%) in comparison with MAG (30%) and TAG (38%). The better gastric emptying of EPA-PL was likely related to the more stable emulsion of EPA-PL in the test meal. EPA-PL was delivered within the meal matrix into the duodenum instead of floating on the top of the test meal matrix. EPA-MAG had the highest amount of EPA that did not leave the stomach (68% of the test meal). The results from this work indicate that EPA-PL is a more effective form of EPA for a higher lipid bioaccessibility than MAG and TAG under the test conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  15. Fulltext Development and physical analysis of high fiber bread incorporated with cocoa (Theobroma cacao sp.) pod husk powder
    Amir, I.Z., Hanida, H.S., Syafiq, A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(3):1301-1305.
    MyJurnal
    The main approach of this study is to develop high fiber bread by utilizing the cocoa-by products, namely cocoa pod husk which is incorporated into whole meal bread. The cocoa pod husk can be classified as one of the source of high fiber. The cocoa pod husk was dried and milled in order to produce the cocoa pod husk powder (CPHP). There were five different percentages of CPHP level incorporated into the high fiber bread which were formulation A (0% CPHP), formulation B (5% CPHP), formulation C (10% CPHP), formulation D (15% CPHP) and formulation E (20% CPHP). All of the samples undergone physical analysis and sensory evaluation. The incorporation of CPHP give significant effects towards bread volume and hardness attribute where the bread became denser and harder in texture as compared to the control. The color of bread crumb and crust was also changed to darker color. For the overall acceptance, formulation B has the highest mean score among the composite breads (formulation B to E) studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  16. Rice bran replacement in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings diets with Pleurotus florida stalk
    Hasniyati Muin, Nurul Nadwa Abdul Fatah, Mohd Hakimi Mohd Nor, Shaharudin Abdul Razak
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1109-1114.
    The effect of replacement of ricebran by mushroom stalk (Pleurotus florida), an agriculture waste on growth performance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings was investigated for 42 days. Three isonitrogenous (32% crude protein) experimental diets containing 100% (Diet 1), 50% (Diet 2) and 0% (Diet 3) mushroom meal were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fingerlings in experimental tanks, with each tank stocking 12 fishes. The fishes were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 6 weeks. Good survival rates were obtained from fish fed with Diet 1 (94%) and Diet 3 (94%). There was no significant differences in body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among all diets (p>0.05). The fish fed with Diet 1 showed the best BWG, SGR, FCR and PER compared with Diet 2 and Diet 3. An economic evaluation indicated that Diet 1 gave the lowest production cost at RM2.03/kg followed by Diet 2 and Diet 3 at RM2.18/kg and RM2.38/kg, respectively. This study showed that the best diet was Diet 1 with 100% replacement of rice bran with mushroom stalks costing RM2.03/kg, the cheapest among the three diets.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  17. Fulltext Association between caregiver burden with feeding problems and functional status of patients with dementia
    Suzana, S., Lee, Y.H., Chong, H.Y., Nurfatina, M.D., Nurwhidayu, A.W., Siah, P.J., et al.
    Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(1):27-37.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Feeding difficulty and functional disability are common problems among patients with dementia but their influence on caregivers' burden has not been addressed comprehensively. Thus, this study aimed to determine the association between feeding problems, functional status and caregiver burden among patients with dementia who receive outpatient treatment at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, as compared to their non-demented counterparts. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 30 patients with dementia (12 men, 18 women, mean age 75 ± 7 years old) and 60 subjects without dementia (25 men, 35 women, mean age 69 ± 7 years), as well as their caregivers. Subjects' functional status, feeding problems and also caregiver burden were assessed using Activities of Daily Livings (ADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaire, The Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Questionnaire (EdFED-Q) and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), respectively. Subjects were also measured for height and weight. Results: Patients with dementia needed supervision (50%) and physical help during mealtime (40%). The mean functional status score of these patients was higher than the patients without dementia (p<0.05). Caregiver burden score was positively correlated with the EdFED-Q score (r=0.405, p<0.05) but negatively correlated with functional status score (r=­0.475, p<0.01). Further, multiple regression analysis showed that after adjustment for age, EdFED-Q score and functional status remained correlated with caregiver burden at R2 of 0.210. Conclusion: Caregiver burden is associated with feeding problems and functional disability among patients with dementia. There is a need to educate the caregivers in order to improve the quality of life of both carers and the demented patients.
    Key words: Caregiver burden, dementia, feeding problems, functional status, outpatient
    Study site: Psychiatric and medical clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  18. Fulltext Association of body weight status and socio-demographic factors with food habits among preschool children in Peninsular Malaysia
    Norimah, A.K., Mohd Nasir, M.T., Hazizi, A.S., Suraya, I., Nurliyana, A.R.
    Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(3):303-315.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Otanges in children's food habits are largely attributed to changes in the family and social environment. 1bis cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the association of socio-demographic factors with food habits among preschool children in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods: A total of 1,933 preschool children aged 4-6 years old participated in the study. Parents or guardians were interviewed on the socio-demographic characteristics and food habits of their children. Height and weight of the preschoolers were measured; BMI-for-age, weight-for-age and height-for-age were determined. Results: The mean monthly household income was RM3,610 with 59.6% of parents having attained secondary education. The prevalence of possible risk of overweight, being overweight and obesity were 3.9%, 7.9% and 8.1%, respectively while the prevalence of underweight and stunting was 8.0% and 8.4%. A majority of the preschoolers consumed breakfast, lunch and dinner every day, with the proportion of children skipping their main meals at about 15.0%. Parents' education level and household income were significantly associated with intakes of fruits, vegetables, milk and dairy products, as well as fast food. However, there was no significant association between children's body weight status and frequency of main meals intake, fruits, vegetables, milk and dairy products, and fast food intake. Conclusion: The preschoolers demonstrated moderately healthy food habits; nevertheless even at this young age, they were inclined towards fried foods, snacking and fast foods intake. Parents and guardians should play a more significant role in educating and promoting good nutrition and food habits among preschoolers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  19. Fulltext Evaluation of diet quality and its associated factors among adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Rezali FW, Chin YS, Mohd Shariff Z, Mohd Yusof BN, Sanker K, Woon FC
    Nutr Res Pract, 2015 Oct;9(5):511-6.
    PMID: 26425281 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.5.511
    This study aims to determine contribution of meal frequency, self-efficacy for healthy eating, and availability of healthy foods towards diet quality of adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
  20. Fulltext Prevalence of dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer at dental clinic, Hospital USM
    Linn, Lynn Ko Wei, Nor Fatiyah Che M. Nasir, Norsila Abdul Wahab
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2015;10(1):10-16.
    MyJurnal
    Prevalence of dysphagia is one of the important epidemiological data which will contribute to the proper planning and support the setting up of a swallowing rehabilitation clinic at this hospital. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM) from 2001-2010. In this institutional retrospective study, a total of 66 records were obtained comprising of 86.4% Malay patients, 9.1% Chinese, 1.5% Indians, and 3% other ethnic groups. These data were taken from the database of HNC patients seen at the dental clinic, Hospital USM between 2001 and 2010. Difficulty swallowing, frequent coughing during meal, choking, diet modification, and non-oral nutritional support were identified as signs and symptoms associated with dysphagia. Results showed that 59.1% of patients have had dysphagia before, during, or after the treatment of HNC. Data from the present study would be instrumental in increasing awareness among clinicians involved in patient care and it may help in planning the outline of management of dysphagia. Furthermore, it is anticipated to have implications for further research in swallowing and dysphagia.
    Study site: Dental clinics, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Meals
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