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  1. Fulltext Four-wave mixing crosstalk suppression based on the pairing combinations of differently linear-polarized optical signals
    Abd H, Din NM, Al-Mansoori MH, Abdullah F, Fadhil HA
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:243795.
    PMID: 24883364 DOI: 10.1155/2014/243795
    A new approach to suppressing the four-wave mixing (FWM) crosstalk by using the pairing combinations of differently linear-polarized optical signals was investigated. The simulation was conducted using a four-channel system, and the total data rate was 40 Gb/s. A comparative study on the suppression of FWM for existing and suggested techniques was conducted by varying the input power from 2 dBm to 14 dBm. The robustness of the proposed technique was examined with two types of optical fiber, namely, single-mode fiber (SMF) and dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF). The FWM power drastically reduced to less than -68 and -25 dBm at an input power of 14 dBm, when the polarization technique was conducted for SMF and DSF, respectively. With the conventional method, the FWM powers were, respectively, -56 and -20 dBm. The system performance greatly improved with the proposed polarization approach, where the bit error rates (BERs) at the first channel were 2.57 × 10(-40) and 3.47 × 10(-29) at received powers of -4.90 and -13.84 dBm for SMF and DSF, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices
  2. Gait disorder rehabilitation using vision and non-vision based sensors: a systematic review
    Ali A, Sundaraj K, Ahmad B, Ahamed N, Islam A
    Bosn J Basic Med Sci, 2012 Aug;12(3):193-202.
    PMID: 22938548
    Even though the amount of rehabilitation guidelines has never been greater, uncertainty continues to arise regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of the rehabilitation of gait disorders. This question has been hindered by the lack of information on accurate measurements of gait disorders. Thus, this article reviews the rehabilitation systems for gait disorder using vision and non-vision sensor technologies, as well as the combination of these. All papers published in the English language between 1990 and June, 2012 that had the phrases "gait disorder", "rehabilitation", "vision sensor", or "non vision sensor" in the title, abstract, or keywords were identified from the SpringerLink, ELSEVIER, PubMed, and IEEE databases. Some synonyms of these phrases and the logical words "and", "or", and "not" were also used in the article searching procedure. Out of the 91 published articles found, this review identified 84 articles that described the rehabilitation of gait disorders using different types of sensor technologies. This literature set presented strong evidence for the development of rehabilitation systems using a markerless vision-based sensor technology. We therefore believe that the information contained in this review paper will assist the progress of the development of rehabilitation systems for human gait disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices
  3. Effects of wink glass on blink rate, nibut and ocular surface symptoms during visual display unit use
    Ang CK, Mohidin N, Chung KM
    Curr Eye Res, 2014 Sep;39(9):879-84.
    PMID: 25014251 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.859273
    PURPOSE/AIM: Wink glass (WG), an invention to stimulate blinking at interval of 5 s was designed to reduce dry eye symptoms during visual display unit (VDU) use. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of WG on visual functions that include blink rate, ocular surface symptoms (OSS) and tear stability during VDU use.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 26 young and asymptomatic subjects were instructed to read articles in Malay language with a computer for 20 min with WG whereby their blink rate, pre- and post-task tear break-up time, and OSS were recorded. The results were compared to another reading session of the subjects wearing a transparent plastic sheet as a control.
    RESULTS: Non-invasive tear break-up time was reduced after reading session with transparent plastic sheet (pre-task = 5.97 s, post-task = 5.14 s, z = -2.426, p = 0.015, Wilcoxon), but remained stable (pre-task = 5.62 s, post-task = 5.35 s, z = -0.67, p = 0.501) during the reading session with WG. The blink rate recorded during reading session with plastic sheet was 9 blinks/min (median) and this increased to 15 blinks/min (z = -3.315, p = 0.001) with WG. The reading task caused OSS (maximum scores = 20) with median score of 1 (0-8) reduced to median score of 0 (0-3) after wearing WG (z = -2.417, p = 0.016).
    CONCLUSION: WG was found to increase post-task tear stability, increased blinking rate and reduced OSS during video display unit use among young and healthy adults. Although it may be considered as an option to improve dry eye symptoms among VDU users, further studies are warranted to establish its stability and its effect on subjects with dry eyes.
    KEYWORDS: Blink rate; Wink glass; non-invasive tear break-up time; visual display units
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices*
  4. Optical manipulation of nano-micro needle array for large volume molecular diagnosis
    Aziz MS, Jalil MA, Suwanpayak N, Ali J, Yupapin PP
    Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol, 2012 Aug;40(4):266-70.
    PMID: 22409282 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.658470
    Optical vorticesare generated and controlled to form trapping tools in the same way as optical tweezers. By using the intense optical vortices generated within the PANDA ring resonator, the required atoms/molecules can be trapped and moved (transported) dynamically within the wavelength router or network. The advantage of the proposed system is that a transmitter and receiver can be formed within the same system, which is available for atoms/molecules storage and transportation based on methods that have been proposed to deliver drugs into cells for specific diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices*
  5. Fulltext Seed/catalyst-free vertical growth of high-density electrodeposited zinc oxide nanostructures on a single-layer graphene
    Aziz NS, Mahmood MR, Yasui K, Hashim AM
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2014 Feb 26;9(1):95.
    PMID: 24568668 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-9-95
    We report the seed/catalyst-free vertical growth of high-density electrodeposited ZnO nanostructures on a single-layer graphene. The absence of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and heat has resulted in the formation of nanoflake-like ZnO structure. The results show that HMTA and heat are needed to promote the formation of hexagonal ZnO nanostructures. The applied current density plays important role in inducing the growth of ZnO on graphene as well as in controlling the shape, size, and density of ZnO nanostructures. High density of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods comparable to other methods was obtained. The quality of the ZnO nanostructures also depended strongly on the applied current density. The growth mechanism was proposed. According to the growth timing chart, the growth seems to involve two stages which are the formation of ZnO nucleation and the enhancement of the vertical growth of nanorods. ZnO/graphene hybrid structure provides several potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics such as photovoltaic devices, sensing devices, optical devices, and photodetectors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices
  6. Fulltext Agreement analysis of Pentacam and Lenstar in measurement of keratometry, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness
    Azlindarita A. Mohd Abdullah, Norasyikin Mustafa, Pei LV, Subrayan V
    Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2016;1:10-15.
    To assess the agreement of the Scheimpflug camera system Pentacam with the optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) device LENSTAR LS900 in measuring anterior segment biometry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices
  7. Detection of Salmonella bacterium in drinking water using microring resonator
    Bahadoran M, Noorden AF, Mohajer FS, Abd Mubin MH, Chaudhary K, Jalil MA, et al.
    Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 2016;44(1):315-21.
    PMID: 25133457 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.948549
    A new microring resonator system is proposed for the detection of the Salmonella bacterium in drinking water, which is made up of SiO2-TiO2 waveguide embedded inside thin film layer of the flagellin. The change in refractive index due to the binding of the Salmonella bacterium with flagellin layer causes a shift in the output signal wavelength and the variation in through and drop port's intensities, which leads to the detection of Salmonella bacterium in drinking water. The sensitivity of proposed sensor for detecting of Salmonella bacterium in water solution is 149 nm/RIU and the limit of detection is 7 × 10(-4)RIU.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices*
  8. Ultrafast all-optical switching using signal flow graph for PANDA resonator
    Bahadoran M, Ali J, Yupapin PP
    Appl Opt, 2013 Apr 20;52(12):2866-73.
    PMID: 23669699 DOI: 10.1364/AO.52.002866
    In this paper, the bifurcation behavior of light in the PANDA ring resonator is investigated using the signal flow graph (SFG) method, where the optical transfer function for the through and drop ports of the PANDA Vernier system are derived. The optical nonlinear phenomena, such as bistability, Ikeda instability, and dynamics of light in the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) PANDA ring resonator with four couplers are studied. The transmission curves for bistability and instability as a function of the resonant mode numbers and coupling coefficients for the coupler are derived by the SFG method and simulated. The proposed system has an advantage as no optical pumping component is required. Simulated results show that closed-loop bistable switching can be generated and achieved by varying mode resonant numbers in the SOI-PANDA Vernier resonator, where a smooth and closed-loop bistable switching with low relative output/input power can be obtained and realized. The minimum through-port switching time of 1.1 ps for resonant mode numbers of 5;4;4 and minimum drop port switching time of 1.96 ps for resonant mode numbers of 9;7;7 of the PANDA Vernier resonator are achieved, which makes the PANDA Vernier resonator an operative component for optical applications, such as optical signal processing and a fast switching key in photonics integrated circuits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices
  9. On the feasibility of self-mixing interferometer sensing for detection of the surface electrocardiographic signal using a customized electro-optic phase modulator
    Bakar AA, Lim YL, Wilson SJ, Fuentes M, Bertling K, Taimre T, et al.
    Physiol Meas, 2013 Feb;34(2):281-9.
    PMID: 23363933 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/34/2/281
    Optical sensing offers an attractive option for detection of surface biopotentials in human subjects where electromagnetically noisy environments exist or safety requirements dictate a high degree of galvanic isolation. Such circumstances may be found in modern magnetic resonance imaging systems for example. The low signal amplitude and high source impedance of typical biopotentials have made optical transduction an uncommon sensing approach. We propose a solution consisting of an electro-optic phase modulator as a transducer, coupled to a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser and the self-mixing signal detected via a photodiode. This configuration is physically evaluated with respect to synthesized surface electrocardiographic (EKG) signals of varying amplitudes and using differing optical feedback regimes. Optically detected EKG signals using strong optical feedback show the feasibility of this approach and indicate directions for optimization of the electro-optic transducer for improved signal-to-noise ratios. This may provide a new means of biopotential detection suited for environments characterized by harsh electromagnetic interference.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices*
  10. Fulltext Structured caustic vector vortex optical field: manipulating optical angular momentum flux and polarization rotation
    Chen RP, Chen Z, Chew KH, Li PG, Yu Z, Ding J, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2015;5:10628.
    PMID: 26024434 DOI: 10.1038/srep10628
    A caustic vector vortex optical field is experimentally generated and demonstrated by a caustic-based approach. The desired caustic with arbitrary acceleration trajectories, as well as the structured states of polarization (SoP) and vortex orders located in different positions in the field cross-section, is generated by imposing the corresponding spatial phase function in a vector vortex optical field. Our study reveals that different spin and orbital angular momentum flux distributions (including opposite directions) in different positions in the cross-section of a caustic vector vortex optical field can be dynamically managed during propagation by intentionally choosing the initial polarization and vortex topological charges, as a result of the modulation of the caustic phase. We find that the SoP in the field cross-section rotates during propagation due to the existence of the vortex. The unique structured feature of the caustic vector vortex optical field opens the possibility of multi-manipulation of optical angular momentum fluxes and SoP, leading to more complex manipulation of the optical field scenarios. Thus this approach further expands the functionality of an optical system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices
  11. Investigation on the effect of EDFA location in ring cavity Brillouin-Erbium fiber laser
    Hambali NA, Mahdi MA, Al-Mansoori MH, Abas AF, Saripan MI
    Opt Express, 2009 Jul 06;17(14):11768-75.
    PMID: 19582091
    We have investigated the characteristics of Brillouin-Erbium fiber laser (BEFL) with variation of Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) locations in a ring cavity configuration. Three possible locations of the EDFA in the laser cavity have been studied. The experimental results show that the location of EDFA plays vital role in determining the output power and the tuning range. Besides the Erbium gain, Brillouin gain also contributes to the performance of the BEFL. By placing the EDFA next to the Brillouin gain medium (dispersion compensating fiber), the Brillouin pump signal is amplified thereby generating higher intensities of Brillouin Stokes line. This efficient process suppresses the free running self-lasing cavity modes from oscillating in cavity as a result of higher Stokes laser power and thus provide a wider tuning range. At the injected Brillouin pump power of 1.6 mW and the maximum 1480 nm pump power of 135 mW, the maximum Stokes laser power of 25.1 mW was measured and a tuning range of 50 nm without any self-lasing cavity modes was obtained.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices
  12. Fulltext A Review on Graphene-Based Light Emitting Functional Devices
    Junaid M, Md Khir MH, Witjaksono G, Ullah Z, Tansu N, Saheed MSM, et al.
    Molecules, 2020 Sep 14;25(18).
    PMID: 32937975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184217
    In recent years, the field of nanophotonics has progressively developed. However, constant demand for the development of new light source still exists at the nanometric scale. Light emissions from graphene-based active materials can provide a leading platform for the development of two dimensional (2-D), flexible, thin, and robust light-emitting sources. The exceptional structure of Dirac's electrons in graphene, massless fermions, and the linear dispersion relationship with ultra-wideband plasmon and tunable surface polarities allows numerous applications in optoelectronics and plasmonics. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of recent developments in graphene-based light-emitting devices. Light emissions from graphene-based devices have been evaluated with different aspects, such as thermal emission, electroluminescence, and plasmons assisted emission. Theoretical investigations, along with experimental demonstration in the development of graphene-based light-emitting devices, have also been reviewed and discussed. Moreover, the graphene-based light-emitting devices are also addressed from the perspective of future applications, such as optical modulators, optical interconnects, and optical sensing. Finally, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on current technological issues and challenges related to the potential applications of emerging graphene-based light-emitting devices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices
  13. Fulltext Multi-audience tracking with RGB-D camera on digital signage
    Low CC, Ong LY, Koo VC, Leow MC
    Heliyon, 2020 Sep;6(9):e05107.
    PMID: 33024875 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05107
    Digital signage is widely utilized in digital-out-of-home (DOOH) advertising for marketing and business. Recently, the combination of the digital camera and digital signage enables the advertiser to gather the audience demographic for audience measurement. Audience measurement is useful for the advertiser to understand the audience's behavior and improve their business strategies. When an audience is facing the digital display, the vision-based DOOH system will process the audience's face and broadcast a personalized advertisement. Most of the digital signage is available in an uncontrolled environment of public areas. Thus, it poses two main challenges for the vision-based DOOH system to track the audience's movement, which are multiple adjacent faces and occlusion by passer-by. In this paper, a new framework is proposed to combine the digital signage with a depth camera for tracking multi-face in the three-dimensional (3D) environment. The proposed framework extracts the audience's face centroid position (x, y) and depth information (z) and plots into the aerial map to simulate the audience's movement that is corresponding to the real-world environment. The advertiser can further measure the advertising effectiveness through the audience's behavior.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices
  14. Comparison of mesa and device diameter variation in double wafer-fused multi quantum-well, long-wavelength, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
    Menon P, Kandiah K, Majlis B, Shaari S
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1179-1186.
    Long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (LW-VCSELs) have profound advantages compared to traditional edge-emitting lasers offering improved properties with respect to mode selectivity, fibre coupling, threshold currents and integration into 2D arrays or with other electronic devices. Its commercialization is gaining momentum as the local and access network in optical communication system expand. Numerical modeling of LW-VCSEL utilizing wafer-fused InP-based multi-quantum wells (MQW) and GaAs-based distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) is presented in this paper. Emphasis is on the device and mesa/pillar diameter design parameter comparison and its effect on the device characteristics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices
  15. The potential of computer vision, optical backscattering parameters and artificial neural network modelling in monitoring the shrinkage of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) during drying
    Onwude DI, Hashim N, Abdan K, Janius R, Chen G
    J Sci Food Agric, 2018 Mar;98(4):1310-1324.
    PMID: 28758207 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8595
    BACKGROUND: Drying is a method used to preserve agricultural crops. During the drying of products with high moisture content, structural changes in shape, volume, area, density and porosity occur. These changes could affect the final quality of dried product and also the effective design of drying equipment. Therefore, this study investigated a novel approach in monitoring and predicting the shrinkage of sweet potato during drying. Drying experiments were conducted at temperatures of 50-70 °C and samples thicknesses of 2-6 mm. The volume and surface area obtained from camera vision, and the perimeter and illuminated area from backscattered optical images were analysed and used to evaluate the shrinkage of sweet potato during drying.

    RESULTS: The relationship between dimensionless moisture content and shrinkage of sweet potato in terms of volume, surface area, perimeter and illuminated area was found to be linearly correlated. The results also demonstrated that the shrinkage of sweet potato based on computer vision and backscattered optical parameters is affected by the product thickness, drying temperature and drying time. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network with input layer containing three cells, two hidden layers (18 neurons), and five cells for output layer, was used to develop a model that can monitor, control and predict the shrinkage parameters and moisture content of sweet potato slices under different drying conditions. The developed ANN model satisfactorily predicted the shrinkage and dimensionless moisture content of sweet potato with correlation coefficient greater than 0.95.

    CONCLUSION: Combined computer vision, laser light backscattering imaging and artificial neural network can be used as a non-destructive, rapid and easily adaptable technique for in-line monitoring, predicting and controlling the shrinkage and moisture changes of food and agricultural crops during drying. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices
  16. Brillouin-Erbium fiber laser with enhanced feedback coupling using common Erbium gain section
    Samsuri NM, Zamzuri AK, Al-Mansoori MH, Ahmad A, Mahdi MA
    Opt Express, 2008 Oct 13;16(21):16475-80.
    PMID: 18852754
    We demonstrate an enhanced architecture of Brillouin-Erbium fiber laser utilizing the reverse-S-shaped fiber section as the coupling mechanism. The enhancement is made by locating a common section of Erbium-doped fiber next to the single-mode fiber to amplify the Brillouin pumps and the oscillating Stokes lines. The requirement of having two Erbium gain sections to enhance the multiple Brillouin Stokes lines generation is neglected by the proposed fiber laser structure. The mode competitions arise from the self-lasing cavity modes of the fiber laser are efficiently suppressed by the stronger pre-amplified Brillouin pump power before entering the single mode fiber section. The maximum output power of 20 mW is obtained from the proposed fiber laser with 10 laser lines that equally separated by 0.089 nm spacing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices*
  17. Analysis of film response to electron beams using a laser scanner system developed in the laboratory
    San YT, Kandaiya S, Sing CL
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2005 Oct;63(4):437-42.
    PMID: 16051493
    An optical scanner system, which incorporates a He-Ne laser, photodiode detectors, and a platform for placing film, was built in the laboratory. The laser system operates at the green wavelength of 543.5 nm and functions as a scanning densitometer for measurement of optical changes in a film resulting from irradiation . The central axis electron depth dose of selected electron energies 10,12 and 14 MeV were analysed using Kodak X-Omat and Kodak Extended Dose Range (EDR2) films. The Kodak X-Omat film is routinely used for high-energy electron dose distributions in radiation therapy. The electron depth-dose measured with X-Omat film was found to agree well with standard depth-dose curves in water, obtained using an ion chamber. Conversely, the recently introduced Kodak EDR2 showed an energy dependence for electron beams, the percentage depth-dose curve shifting towards the surface for 12 and 14 MeV electron beams compared to that in water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices
  18. Fulltext Design of a plastic optical fibre waveguide coupler for a portable optical access card system
    Shaari, S., Ehsan, A.A., Abd-Rahman, M.K.
    ASM Science Journal, 2008;2(2):153-161.
    MyJurnal
    An optical code generating device for a portable optical access-card system was constructed using the plastic optical fibre (POF) waveguide coupler. The newly constructed device provided output light intensities which were used as optical codes in a portable optical access-card system. The construction of a basic 1 × 2 waveguide design combined two major components which were the asymmetric Y-junction splitter and the linear taper. A hollow waveguide structure was utilized as it provided more flexibility in guiding light rays. A basic 1 × 2 waveguide coupler was designed using the CAD tool and then the ray was traced using the non-sequential ray tracing tool. A linear relationship between the tap-off ratio and the waveguide tap-width enabled a higher-level hollow waveguide coupler to be designed using the simple cascading technique. Construction of a 1 × 4 and higher level waveguide coupler was easily realized using the basic 1 × 2 waveguide coupler design together with a simple cascading technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices
  19. Fulltext Spot diagram profile of uncorrected and corrected myopic model eye
    Shah Farez Othman, Nizam Tamchek, Farah Diana Muhammad, Shah Farez Othman, Shah Farez Othman, Mohd Hafidz Ithnin
    Journal of Optometry, Eye and Health Research, 2020;2(1):34-47.
    MyJurnal
    Current trend shows that the eye modelling is based on the emmetropic eye taken its ocular optical components value from the population-based studies. However, no studies have been done to study the effect of aberration of myopic refractive error by modelling the eye using the parameters from ocular biometrics and ray tracing method. The objective of the present study was to determine the spot diagram (SPD) profile of myopic refractive error using eye modelling and ray tracing technique. Three eye models had been successfully modeled in Zemax software, namely, emmetropic Liou and Brennan, myopic Liou and Brennan, corrected myopic Liou and Brennan. The optical performance of the eye models were tested using the SPD profile. The ray distribution from the analysis of SPD of myopic Liou and Brennan eye was larger compared to the emmetropic model. In comparison with the emmetropic Liou and Brennan model, for the blue wavelength, the RMS spot radius for the corrected version was increased. However, the RMS values were decreased for green and red wavelengths. For the corrected myopic version of Liou and Brennan, in comparison with its emmetropic model, the Airy disc diameter increased with the increment of wavelengths. It was found that the Airy disc diameter accuracy were higher for the blue, green and red wavelengths. Although the accuracy values were in a positive sign, for Airy disc diameter, the smaller value indicates a diffraction-limited condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices
  20. Reflectance aptasensor based on metal salphen label for rapid and facile determination of insulin
    Taib M, Tan LL, Abd Karim NH, Ta GC, Heng LY, Khalid B
    Talanta, 2020 Jan 15;207:120321.
    PMID: 31594568 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120321
    An optical aptasensor-based sensing platform for rapid insulin detection was fabricated. Aminated porous silica microparticles (PSiMPs) were synthesized via a facile mini-emulsion method to provide large surface area for covalent immobilization of insulin-binding DNA aptamer (IGA3) by glutaraldehyde cross-linking protocol. A Nickel-salphen type complex with piperidine side chain [Ni(II)-SP] was synthesized with a simple one-pot reaction, and functionalized as an optical label due to strong π-π interaction between aromatic carbons of G-quadruplex DNA aptamer and planar aromatic groups of Ni(II)-SP to form the immobilized IGA3-Ni(II)-SP complex, i.e. the dye-labeled aptamer, thereby bringing yellow colouration to the immobilized G-quartet plane. Optical characterization of aptasensor towards insulin binding was carried out with a fiber optic reflectance spectrophotometer. The maximum reflectance intensity of the immobilized IGA3-Ni(II)-SP complex at 656 nm decreased upon binding with insulin as aptasensor changed to brownish orange colouration in the background. This allows optical detection of insulin as the colour change of aptasensor is dependent on the insulin concentration. The linear detection range of the aptasensor is obtained from 10 to 50 μIU mL-1 (R2 = 0.9757), which conformed to the normal fasting insulin levels in human with a limit of detection (LOD) at 3.71 μIU mL-1. The aptasensor showed fast response time of 40 min and long shelf life stability of >3 weeks. Insulin detection using healthy human serums with informed consent provided by participants suggests the DNA aptamer biosensor was in good agreement with ELISA standard method using BIOMATIK Human INS (Insulin) ELISA Kit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Optical Devices*
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