Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 83 in total

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  1. Mustafar F, Harvey MA, Khani A, Arató J, Rainer G
    eNeuro, 2018 07 11;5(4).
    PMID: 30073190 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0167-18.2018
    Our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of learning and behavior relies on the use of invasive techniques, which necessitate the use of animal models. However, when different species learn the same task, to what degree are they actually producing the same behavior and engaging homologous neural circuitry? This question has received virtually no recent attention, even as the most powerful new methodologies for measuring and perturbing the nervous system have become increasingly dependent on the use of murine species. Here, we test humans, rats, monkeys, and an evolutionarily intermediate species, tree shrews, on a three alternative, forced choice, visual contrast discrimination task. As anticipated, learning rate, peak performance, and transfer across contrasts was lower in the rat compared to the other species. More interestingly, rats exhibited two major behavioral peculiarities: while monkeys and tree shrews based their choices largely on visual information, rats tended to base their choices on past reward history. Furthermore, as the task became more difficult, rats largely disengaged from the visual stimulus, reverting to innate spatial predispositions in order to collect rewards near chance probability. Our findings highlight the limitation of muridae as models for translational research, at least in the area of visually based decision making.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving/physiology*
  2. Nurhafizah Moziyana Mohd Yusop, Nooraida Samsudin, Nooraida Samsudin, Anis Shahida Mokhta, Siti Rohaidah Ahmad, Mohd Fahmi Mohammad Amran, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Euler method is a numerical order process for solving problems with the Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE). It is a fast and easy way. While Euler offers a simple procedure for solving ODEs, problems such as complexity, processing time and accuracy have driven others to use more sophisticated methods. Improvements to the Euler method have attracted much attention resulting in numerous modified Euler methods. This paper proposes Cube Polygon, a modified Euler method with improved accuracy and complexity. In order to demonstrate the accuracy and easy implementation of the proposed method, several examples are presented. Cube Polygon’s performance was compared to Polygon’s scheme and evaluated against exact solutions using SCILAB. Results indicate that not only Cube Polygon has produced solutions that are close to identical solutions for small step sizes, but also for higher step sizes, thus generating more accurate results and decrease complexity. Also known in this paper is the general of the RL circuit due to the ODE problem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  3. Guangnan Z, Tao H, Rahman MA, Yao L, Al-Saffar A, Meng Q, et al.
    Work, 2021;68(3):871-879.
    PMID: 33612530 DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203421
    BACKGROUND: An isolated robot must take account of uncertainty in its world model and adapt its activities to take into account such as uncertainty. In the same way, a robot interaction with security and privacy issues (RISAPI) with people has to account for its confusion about the human internal state, as well as how this state will shift as humans respond to the robot.

    OBJECTIVES: This paper discusses RISAPI of our original work in the field, which shows how probabilistic planning and system theory algorithms in workplace robotic systems that work with people can allow for that reasoning using a security robot system. The problem is a general way as an incomplete knowledge 2-player game.

    RESULTS: In this general framework, the various hypotheses and these contribute to thrilling and complex robot behavior through real-time interaction, which transforms actual human subjects into a spectrum of production systems, robots, and care facilities.

    CONCLUSION: The models of the internal human situation, in which robots can be designed efficiently, are limited, and achieve optimal computational intractability in large, high-dimensional spaces. To achieve this, versatile, lightweight portrayals of the human inner state and modern algorithms offer great hope for reasoning.

    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  4. Kamarudin KR, Rehan MM
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2015 Apr;26(1):87-99.
    PMID: 26868593 MyJurnal
    This preliminary study aimed to identify a commercial gamat species, Stichopus horrens Selenka, 1867, and a timun laut species, Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota (Brandt, 1835), from Pangkor Island, Perak, Malaysia, employing morphological techniques based on the shape of the ossicles and molecular techniques based on the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene. In Malaysia, a gamat is defined as a sea cucumber species of the family Stichopodidae with medicinal value, and timun laut refers to non-gamat species. S. horrens is very popular on Pangkor Island as a main ingredient in the traditional production of air gamat and minyak gamat, while H. leucospilota is the most abundant species in Malaysia. In contrast to previous studies, internal body parts (the respiratory tree and gastrointestine) were examined in this study to obtain better inferences based on morphology. The results showed that there were no ossicles present in the gastrointestine of H. leucospilota, and this characteristic is suggested as a unique diagnostic marker for the timun laut species. In addition, the presence of Y-shaped rods in the respiratory tree of S. horrens subsequently supported the potential to use internal body parts to identify the gamat species. Phylogenetic analysis of the COI mtDNA gene of the sea cucumber specimens using the neighbour-joining method and maximum likelihood methods further confirmed the species status of H. leucospilota and S. horrens from Pangkor Island, Perak, Malaysia. The COI mtDNA gene sequences were registered with GenBank, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), US National Library of Medicine (GenBank accession no.: KC405565-KC405568). Although additional specimens from various localities will be required to produce more conclusive results, the current findings provide better insight into the importance of complementary approaches involving morphological and molecular techniques in the identification of the two Malaysian sea cucumber species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  5. SAUD AMERROUF SIAN, TERRY LUCAS
    MyJurnal
    When we heard Retro design, people will think about the fashion, music, poster, style and trend of the 1940s to1980s. The trend retro-futurism, however, is entirely different. It is a trend that was created by writers, artists and film directors in the past and is closely related to science fiction. This research concentrates on investigating the characteristics of retro-futurism and how it can be used to incorporate its features into building design for 3D animation. An exploratory method was used to analyse the architectural design of the past. The gathered information could give some insights and understanding of what retro-futurism is and the reason behind why the architectural design in the previous era was created that way. The process and challenges of implementing retro-futurism visual style are also discussed. As the result of the collected data, developing a design with the aesthetic of retro-futurism become more accessible and well-planned.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  6. Saad R, Ahmad MZ, Abu MS, Jusoh MS
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:865495.
    PMID: 24782670 DOI: 10.1155/2014/865495
    Multicriteria decision making (MCDM) is one of the methods that popularly has been used in solving personnel selection problem. Alternatives, criteria, and weights are some of the fundamental aspects in MCDM that need to be defined clearly in order to achieve a good result. Apart from these aspects, fuzzy data has to take into consideration that it may arise from unobtainable and incomplete information. In this paper, we propose a new approach for personnel selection problem. The proposed approach is based on Hamming distance method with subjective and objective weights (HDMSOW's). In case of vagueness situation, fuzzy set theory is then incorporated onto the HDMSOW's. To determine the objective weight for each attribute, the fuzzy Shannon's entropy is considered. While for the subjective weight, it is aggregated into a comparable scale. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the HDMSOW's.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  7. Toozandehjani, Meysam, Khamirul Amin Matori, Ostovan, Farhad, Sidek Abdul Aziz, Md Shuhazely Mamat, Oskoueian, Arshin
    MyJurnal
    Carbon nanotube reinforced aluminium matrix composites (Al-CNTs) have been widely used in aerospace and automotive industries where high quality and strength is required. The enhanced mechanical properties of Al-CNTs are closely related to processing technique due to challenges within production of these composite materials. In the current review, solid state processing techniques used for synthesizing Al-CNTs have been reviewed to provide an insight into the features and capabilities of each technique regarding the incorporation of CNT reinforcements. To conclude, the mechanical performance of Al-CNT composites is mainly decided by the capability of each technique in the dispersion of CNTs within the aluminum matrix.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  8. Pan KL, Zolqarnain A, Chia YY
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Feb;61 Suppl A:53-6.
    PMID: 17042231
    Patients with aggressive musculoskeletal tumours often arrive at specialised treatment centres late. Such a delay could mean disfavour for potentially curable or long-term disease-free outcome of limb preserving surgery. This study was undertaken to identify the underlying problem-related delay with a view to propose solution for solving it. We reviewed 30 patients to determine the periods of delay between onset of the first symptom and the definitive treatment. The delays were categorized as 'patient' delay, 'referral' delay and 'treatment' delay. There was 'patient' delay in 57% of patients (n=17), ranging from 1 to 18 months; 'referral' delay in 67% of patients (n=20) ranging from 1 to 19 months and 23% of patients (n=7) had treatment delay (average 23 days) at the treatment centre. The causes of late arrival are not solely patient-related but are multifactorial. Measures to minimize such delays include enhancing awareness only with high index of suspicion among primary care practitioners, creating a special lane specialized imaging studies and establishing a dedicated musculoskeletal tumour unit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  9. Sahoo R, Rehan S, Sahoo S
    Malays J Med Sci, 2018 Nov;25(6):121-126.
    PMID: 30914885 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.6.12
    Background: A poster presentation is an experiential learning activity that stimulates curiosity and interest among students. Moreover, it encourages exploration and integration of concepts and provides students with a novel way to demonstrate their understanding of scientific principles. This pilot projects aimed to analyse views of participants on the academic benefits and learning of medical sciences via poster presentations.

    Methods: This cross-sectional study used the sequential exploratory type of mixed methods design in which quantitative data analysis was performed via survey-based questionnaires and qualitative study. For this purpose, we performed a thematic analysis of semi-structured interview questions that were administered to all participants using the self-interview technique.

    Results: A majority of students were of the opinion that the process of making poster preparation acted as an opportunity to promote deep learning. Moreover, a majority expressed that making these presentations required teamwork, which gave them an insight into collaborative learning.

    Conclusion: Our study revealed that poster presentations, when used effectively as an assignment, can facilitate a learner's critical and reflective thinking and promoting active learning. Previous generic guidelines for making posters were found to be an important step that led to a systematic scientific approach amongst learners as well as for integrating basic science and medical knowledge.

    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  10. Tan FHP, Azzam G
    Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Mar;24(2):6-20.
    PMID: 28894399 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.2.2
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Its pathogenesis involves two hallmarks: aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and occurrence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The mechanism behind the disease is still unknown. This has prompted the use of animal models to mirror the disease. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster has garnered considerable attention as an organism to recapitulate human disorders. With the ability to monopolise a multitude of traditional and novel genetic tools, Drosophila is ideal for studying not only cellular aspects but also physiological and behavioural traits of human neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the use of the Drosophila model in understanding AD pathology and the insights gained in discovering drug therapies for AD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  11. Man MY, Ong MS, Mohamad MS, Deris S, Sulong G, Yunus J, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2015 Dec;22(Spec Issue):9-19.
    PMID: 27006633 MyJurnal
    Neuroimaging is a new technique used to create images of the structure and function of the nervous system in the human brain. Currently, it is crucial in scientific fields. Neuroimaging data are becoming of more interest among the circle of neuroimaging experts. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a large amount of neuroimaging tools. This paper gives an overview of the tools that have been used to image the structure and function of the nervous system. This information can help developers, experts, and users gain insight and a better understanding of the neuroimaging tools available, enabling better decision making in choosing tools of particular research interest. Sources, links, and descriptions of the application of each tool are provided in this paper as well. Lastly, this paper presents the language implemented, system requirements, strengths, and weaknesses of the tools that have been widely used to image the structure and function of the nervous system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  12. Zainuddin Z, Huong LK, Pauline O
    Australas Med J, 2013;6(5):308-14.
    PMID: 23745153 DOI: 10.4066/AMJ.2013.1640
    Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal analysis is indispensable in epilepsy diagnosis as it offers valuable insights for locating the abnormal distortions in the brain wave. However, visual interpretation of the massive amounts of EEG signals is time-consuming, and there is often inconsistent judgment between experts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  13. Emambocus BAS, Jasser MB, Mustapha A, Amphawan A
    Sensors (Basel), 2021 Nov 13;21(22).
    PMID: 34833621 DOI: 10.3390/s21227542
    Swarm intelligence is a discipline which makes use of a number of agents for solving optimization problems by producing low cost, fast and robust solutions. The dragonfly algorithm (DA), a recently proposed swarm intelligence algorithm, is inspired by the dynamic and static swarming behaviors of dragonflies, and it has been found to have a higher performance in comparison to other swarm intelligence and evolutionary algorithms in numerous applications. There are only a few surveys about the dragonfly algorithm, and we have found that they are limited in certain aspects. Hence, in this paper, we present a more comprehensive survey about DA, its applications in various domains, and its performance as compared to other swarm intelligence algorithms. We also analyze the hybrids of DA, the methods they employ to enhance the original DA, their performance as compared to the original DA, and their limitations. Moreover, we categorize the hybrids of DA according to the type of problem that they have been applied to, their objectives, and the methods that they utilize.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  14. Zehra S, Faseeha U, Syed HJ, Samad F, Ibrahim AO, Abulfaraj AW, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2023 Jun 05;23(11).
    PMID: 37300067 DOI: 10.3390/s23115340
    Network function virtualization (NFV) is a rapidly growing technology that enables the virtualization of traditional network hardware components, offering benefits such as cost reduction, increased flexibility, and efficient resource utilization. Moreover, NFV plays a crucial role in sensor and IoT networks by ensuring optimal resource usage and effective network management. However, adopting NFV in these networks also brings security challenges that must promptly and effectively address. This survey paper focuses on exploring the security challenges associated with NFV. It proposes the utilization of anomaly detection techniques as a means to mitigate the potential risks of cyber attacks. The research evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of various machine learning-based algorithms for detecting network-based anomalies in NFV networks. By providing insights into the most efficient algorithm for timely and effective anomaly detection in NFV networks, this study aims to assist network administrators and security professionals in enhancing the security of NFV deployments, thus safeguarding the integrity and performance of sensors and IoT systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  15. Lee HB, Ginting RT, Tan ST, Tan CH, Alshanableh A, Oleiwi HF, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2016 09 02;6:32645.
    PMID: 27587295 DOI: 10.1038/srep32645
    Anion passivation effect on metal-oxide nano-architecture offers a highly controllable platform for improving charge selectivity and extraction, with direct relevance to their implementation in hybrid solar cells. In current work, we demonstrated the incorporation of fluorine (F) as an anion dopant to address the defect-rich nature of ZnO nanorods (ZNR) and improve the feasibility of its role as electron acceptor. The detailed morphology evolution and defect engineering on ZNR were studied as a function of F-doping concentration (x). Specifically, the rod-shaped arrays of ZnO were transformed into taper-shaped arrays at high x. A hypsochromic shift was observed in optical energy band gap due to the Burstein-Moss effect. A substantial suppression on intrinsic defects in ZnO lattice directly epitomized the novel role of fluorine as an oxygen defect quencher. The results show that 10-FZNR/P3HT device exhibited two-fold higher power conversion efficiency than the pristine ZNR/P3HT device, primarily due to the reduced Schottky defects and charge transfer barrier. Essentially, the reported findings yielded insights on the functions of fluorine on (i) surface -OH passivation, (ii) oxygen vacancies (Vo) occupation and (iii) lattice oxygen substitution, thereby enhancing the photo-physical processes, carrier mobility and concentration of FZNR based device.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  16. Ooi CHR, Ho WL, Bandrauk AD
    Sci Rep, 2017 07 27;7(1):6739.
    PMID: 28751648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05915-8
    We study the photoelectron spectra by intense laser pulses with arbitrary time dependence and phase within the Keldysh framework. An efficient semianalytical approach using analytical transition matrix elements for hydrogenic atoms in any initial state enables efficient and accurate computation of the photoionization probability at any observation point without saddle point approximation, providing comprehensive three dimensional photoelectron angular distribution for linear and elliptical polarizations, that reveal the intricate features and provide insights on the photoionization characteristics such as angular dispersions, shift and splitting of photoelectron peaks from the tunneling or above threshold ionization(ATI) regime to non-adiabatic(intermediate) and multiphoton ionization(MPI) regimes. This facilitates the study of the effects of various laser pulse parameters on the photoelectron spectra and their angular distributions. The photoelectron peaks occur at multiples of 2ħω for linear polarization while  odd-ordered peaks are suppressed in the direction perpendicular to the electric field. Short pulses create splitting and angular dispersion where the peaks are strongly correlated to the angles. For MPI and elliptical polarization with shorter pulses the peaks split into doublets and the first peak vanishes. The carrier envelope phase(CEP) significantly affects the ATI spectra while the Stark effect shifts the spectra of intermediate regime to higher energies due to interference.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  17. Awaludin IS, Ishak A, Pop I
    Sci Rep, 2018 Sep 11;8(1):13622.
    PMID: 30206256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31777-9
    The steady two dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a stretching/shrinking permeable wedge is numerically investigated. The partial differential equations governing the flow and heat transfer are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation. These equations are then solved numerically using the boundary value problem solver, bvp4c in Matlab software. It is found that dual solutions exist for a certain range of the shrinking strength. A stability analysis is performed to identify which solution is stable and physically reliable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  18. Borza M, Rambely A, Saraj M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1651-1656.
    In this paper, two approaches were introduced to obtain Stackelberg solutions for two-level linear fractional programming problems with interval coefficients in the objective functions. The approaches were based on the Kth best method and the method for solving linear fractional programming problems with interval coefficients in the objective function. In the first approach, linear fractional programming with interval coefficients in the objective function and linear programming were utilized to obtain Stackelberg solution, but in the second approach only linear programming is used. Since a linear fractional programming with interval coefficients can be equivalently transformed into a linear programming, therefore both of approaches have same results. Numerical examples demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  19. Mohammed Salisu Musa, Mohd Marsin Sanagi, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim, Hadi Nur
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:613-618.
    Carbon spheres (CSs) were synthesized from sucrose by hydrothermal reaction. The synthesized materials were further
    activated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) at different concentrations. The effects of KOH concentration on the surface area
    and morphology were investigated. The route for pore formation and structural deformation in carbon spheres during
    activation has been proposed and discussed based on micrographs and porosity trends. It was suggested that the pore
    formation and structural deformation phenomena were due to the intercalating power of energized K+ into the carbon.
    This work provides an insight of the pore formation in carbon spheres for the development of adsorbents as well as for
    the understanding of the structural deformation of such materials at higher KOH concentrations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  20. Bazikar F, Saraj M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1271-1274.
    In the last few years we have seen a very rapid development on solving generalized geometric programming (GGP) problems, but so far less works has been devoted to MOGP due to the inherent difficulty which may arise in solving such problems. Our aim in this paper was to consider the problem of multi-objective geometric programming (MOGP) and solve the problem via two-level relaxed linear programming problem Yuelin et al. (2005) and that is due to simplicity which occurs through linearization i.e. transforming a GP to LP. In this approach each of the objective functions in multi-objective geometric programming is individually linearized using two-level linear relaxed bound method, which provides a lower bound for the optimal values. Finally our MOGP is transformed to a multi-objective linear programming problem (moLP) which is solved by reference point approach. In the end, a numerical example is given to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
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