Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 34 in total

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  1. Adsorption properties of cationic rhodamine B dye onto metals chloride-activated castor bean residue carbons
    Zhi LL, Zaini MA
    Water Sci Technol, 2017 02;75(3-4):864-880.
    PMID: 28234287 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.568
    This work was aimed to evaluate the feasibility of castor bean residue based activated carbons prepared through metals chloride activation. The activated carbons were characterized for textural properties and surface chemistry, and the adsorption data of rhodamine B were established to investigate the removal performance. Zinc chloride-activated carbon with specific surface area of 395 m(2)/g displayed a higher adsorption capacity of 175 mg/g. Magnesium chloride and iron(III) chloride are less toxic and promising agents for composite chemical activation. The adsorption data obeyed Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The rate-limiting step in the adsorption of rhodamine B is film diffusion. The positive values of enthalpy and entropy indicate that the adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous at high temperature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines/analysis*; Rhodamines/chemistry
  2. Fulltext Psychrophilic lipase from arctic bacterium
    Zakiah Ramle, Rashidah Abdul Rahim
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2016;27(11):151-157.
    MyJurnal
    A lipase producer psychrophilic microorganism isolated from Arctic sample was
    studied. The genomic DNA of the isolate was extracted using modified CTAB method.
    Identification of the isolate by morphological and 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed
    that the isolate is closely related to Arthrobacter gangotriensis (97% similarity).
    A. gangotriensis was determined as positive lipase producer based on the plate screening
    using specific and sensitive plate assay of Rhodamine B. The PCR result using
    Arthrobacter sp.’s full lipase gene sequence as the template primers emphasised a
    possible lipase gene at 900 bp band size. The gene is further cloned in a suitable vector
    system for expression of lipase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines
  3. Fulltext Growth of ZnO nanorods on stainless steel wire using chemical vapour deposition and their photocatalytic activity
    Abd Aziz SN, Pung SY, Ramli NN, Lockman Z
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:252851.
    PMID: 24587716 DOI: 10.1155/2014/252851
    The photodegradation efficiency of ZnO nanoparticles in removal of organic pollutants deteriorates over time as a high percentage of the nanoparticles can be drained away by water during the wastewater treatment. This problem can be solved by growing the ZnO nanorods on stainless steel wire. In this work, ZnO nanorods were successfully grown on stainless steel wire by chemical vapour deposition. The SAED analysis indicates that ZnO nanorod is a single crystal and is preferentially grown in [0001] direction. The deconvoluted O 1s peak at 531.5 eV in XPS analysis is associated with oxygen deficient, revealing that the ZnO nanorods contain many oxygen vacancies. This observation is further supported by the finding of the small I(uv)/I(vis) ratio, that is, ~1 in the photoluminescence analysis. The growth of ZnO nanorods on stainless steel wire was governed by vapour-solid mechanism as there were no Fe particles observed at the tips of the nanorods. The photodegradation of Rhodamine B solution by ZnO nanorods followed the first-order kinetics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines/chemistry*
  4. Fulltext Adsorption of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution onto acid treated banana peel: Response surface methodology, kinetics and isotherm studies
    Oyekanmi AA, Ahmad A, Hossain K, Rafatullah M
    PLoS One, 2019;14(5):e0216878.
    PMID: 31091269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216878
    The adsorption of rhodamine B (RhB) using acid modified banana peels has been examined. Chemical characteristics of the adsorbents were observed in order to determine active functional groups. The major functional groups on the surface were OH, C = O, C = C and C-O-C. Interactions between operational parameters were studied using the central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The predictions of the model output indicated that operational factors influenced responses at a confidence level of 95% (P<0.05). The optimum conditions for adsorption were pH 2 at a 0.2 g/L dose within 60 minutes of contact time. Isotherm studies were carried out using the optimized process variables. The data revealed that RhB adsorption fitted the Langmuir isotherm equation while the reduction of COD followed the Freundlich isotherm. Kinetic experiments fitted the pseudo second order model for RhB removal and COD reduction. The adsorption mechanism was not the only rate controlling step. Diffusion through the boundary layer described the pattern of adsorption.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines/chemistry*
  5. Fulltext Development of Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Determination of Three Cationic Dyes in Environmental Samples
    Hakami AAH, Wabaidur SM, Ali Khan M, Abdullah Alothman Z, Rafatullah M, Siddiqui MR
    Molecules, 2020 Oct 06;25(19).
    PMID: 33036289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194564
    Lower dye concentrations and the presence of several dyes along with other matrices in environmental samples restrict their determination. Herein, a highly sensitive and rapid ultra-performance tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for simultaneous determination of cationic dyes, namely methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RB) and crystal violet (CV), in environmental samples. To preconcentrate environmental samples, solid-phase extraction cartridges were developed by using hydrogen peroxide modified pistachio shell biomass (MPSB). The surface morphological and chemical functionalities of MPSB were well characterized. The developed method was validated considering different validation parameters. In terms of accuracy and precision, the %RSD for all three dyes at all four concentration points was found to be between 1.26 and 2.76, while the accuracy reported in terms of the recovery was found to be 98.02%-101.70%. The recovery was found to be in the range of 98.11% to 99.55%. The real sample analysis shows that MB, RB, and CV were found in the ranges of 0.39-5.56, 0.32-1.92 and 0.27-4.36 μg/mL, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines/chemistry*
  6. Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Studies of Metal Complexes of 2-methoxy-4-((3-methylpyridin-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol
    Mishra A, Tahlan S, Ramasamy K, Lim SM, Shah SAA, Narasimhan B
    Mini Rev Med Chem, 2020;20(13):1311-1317.
    PMID: 32368977 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200505124125
    BACKGROUND: Being derived from primary amine and aromatic aldehyde, Schiff base and their complexes have an imperative role in the improvement of inorganic chemistry, which are broadly studied as coordination compounds and are gradually becoming more important in biochemical and analytical applications.

    METHODS: They have also been used for antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antitubercular activities. Novel synthesised Schiff's base 2-methoxy-4-((3-methylpyridin-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol (SB) and its metal complexes (Zn[II], Cu[II], Co[II] and Ni[II]) were characterised by UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy. Formation of the Schiff base and the metal (Zn[II], Cu[II], Co[II] and Ni[II]) chelates was supported by spectral and analytical data. The ligand and metal complexes have been screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and antifungal activity against the fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Further, the synthesised compounds were also screened for antiproliferative activity against the human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cell line using the Sulforhodamine B assay.

    RESULT: Metal complexes formed were found to enhance the potency of the Schiff base due to coordination with a copper complex, showing better activity than others.

    CONCLUSION: Copper complex was observed to be more potent than other complexes against all the pathogenic microbes and cancer cell line (HCT116).

    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines
  7. Fulltext Transcriptome Profiling of Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Human Cerebromicrovascular Endothelial Cell Response to Treatment with Monensin
    Harun MSR, Taylor M, Zhu XQ, Elsheikha HM
    Microorganisms, 2020 Jun 04;8(6).
    PMID: 32512820 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060842
    Central to the progression of cerebral toxoplasmosis is the interaction of Toxoplasma gondii with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells. In the present work, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of Wnt pathway signalling by the monovalent ionophore monensin reduces the growth of T. gondii infecting human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) or microglial cells. The anti-parasitic effect of monensin (a Wnt signalling inhibitor) on the in vitro growth of T. gondii tachyzoites was investigated using two methods (Sulforhodamine B staining and microscopic parasite counting). The monensin inhibited T. gondii growth (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 0.61 μM) with a selective index = 8.48 when tested against hBMECs (50% cytotoxic concentration [CC50] = 5.17 μM). However, IC50 of monensin was 4.13 μM with a SI = 13.82 when tested against microglia cells (CC50 = 57.08 μM), suggesting less sensitivity of microglia cells to monensin treatment. The effect of T. gondii on the integrity of the BBB was assessed by the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay using an in vitro human BBB model. The results showed that T. gondii infection significantly decreased hBMECs' TEER resistance, which was rescued when cells were treated with 0.1 µM monensin, probably due to the anti-parasitic activity of monensin. We also investigated the host-targeted effects of 0.1 µM monensin on global gene expression in hBMECs with or without T. gondii infection. Treatment of hBMECs with monensin did not significantly influence the expression of genes involved in the Wnt signalling pathway, suggesting that although inhibition of the Wnt signalling pathway did not play a significant role in T. gondii infection of hBMECs, monensin was still effective in limiting the growth of T. gondii. On the contrary, monensin treatment downregulated pathways related to steroids, cholesterol and protein biosynthesis and their transport between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and deregulated pathways related to cell cycle and DNA synthesis and repair mechanisms. These results provide new insight into the host-modulatory effect of monensin during T. gondii infection, which merits further investigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines
  8. Polypyrrole-magnetite dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction combined with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry for the determination of rhodamine 6G and crystal violet in textile wastewater
    Kamaruddin AF, Sanagi MM, Wan Ibrahim WA, Md Shukri DS, Abdul Keyon AS
    J Sep Sci, 2017 Nov;40(21):4256-4263.
    PMID: 28851082 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700659
    Polypyrrole-magnetite dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction method combined with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was developed for the determination of selected cationic dyes in textile wastewater. Polypyrrole-magnetite was used as adsorbent due to its thermal stability, magnetic properties, and ability to adsorb Rhodamine 6G and crystal violet. Dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction parameters were optimized, including sample pH, adsorbent amount, extraction time, and desorption solvent. The optimum polypyrrole-magnetite dispersive micro-solid phase-extraction conditions were sample pH 8, 60 mg polypyrrole-magnetite adsorbent, 5 min of extraction time, and acetonitrile as the desorption solvent. Under the optimized conditions, the polypyrrole-magnetite dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction with ultraviolet-visible method showed good linearity in the range of 0.05-7 mg/L (R2  > 0.9980). The method also showed a good limit of detection for the dyes (0.05 mg/L) and good analyte recoveries (97.4-111.3%) with relative standard deviations 
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines
  9. High-performance thin layer chromatography-based phytochemical and bioactivity characterisation of anticancer endophytic fungal extracts derived from marine plants
    Lim SM, Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Lim FT, Ramasamy K
    J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2021 Jan 30;193:113702.
    PMID: 33160220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113702
    Bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi exhibit diverse biological activities which include anticancer effect. Capitalising on the abundance of unexplored endophytes that reside within marine plants, this study assessed the anticancer potential of ethyl acetate endophytic fungal extracts (i.e. MBFT Tip 2.1, MBL 1.2, MBS 3.2, MKS 3 and MKS 3.1) derived from leaves, stem and fruits of marine plants that grow along Morib Beach, Malaysia. For identification of endophytic fungi, EF 4/ EF 3 and ITS 1/ ITS 4 PCR primer pairs were used to amplify the fungal 18S rDNA sequence and ITS region sequence, respectively. The resultant sequences were subjected to similarity search via the NCBI GenBank database. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) hyphenated with bioassays was used to characterise the extracts in terms of their phytochemical profiles and bioactivity. Microchemical derivatisation was used to assess polyphenolic and phytosterol/ terpenoid content whereas biochemical derivatisation was used to establish antioxidant activities and α-amylase enzyme inhibition. The sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was used to assess the anticancer effect of the extracts against HCT116 (a human colorectal cancer cell line). The present results indicated MBS 3.2 (Penicillium decumbens) as the most potent extract against HCT116 (IC50 = 0.16 μg/mL), approximately 3-times more potent than 5-flurouracil (IC50 = 0.46 μg/mL). Stepwise multiple regression method suggests that the anticancer effect of MBS 3.2 could be associated with high polyphenolic content and antioxidant potential. Nonlinear regression analysis confirmed that low to moderate α-amylase inhibition exhibits maximum anticancer activity. Current findings warrant further in-depth mechanistic studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines
  10. Cu-Doped SnO₂ Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Properties
    Sagadevan S, Chowdhury ZZ, Johan MRB, Aziz FA, Roselin LS, Podder J, et al.
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2019 Nov 01;19(11):7139-7148.
    PMID: 31039868 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16666
    In this work, a simple, co-precipitation technique was used to prepare un-doped, pure tin oxide (SnO₂). As synthesized SnO₂ nanoparticles were doped with Cu2+ ions. Detailed characterization was carried out to observe the crystalline phase, morphological features and chemical constituents with opto-electrical and magnetic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs). X-ray diffraction analysis showed the existence of crystalline, tetragonal structure of SnO₂. Both the sample synthesized here showed different crystalline morphology. The band gap energy (Eg) of the synthesized sample was estimated and it was found to decrease from 3.60 to 3.26 eV. The band gap energy reduced due to increase in Cu2+ dopant amount inside the SnO₂ lattice. Optical properties were analyzed using absorption spectra and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. It was observed that Cu2+ ions incorporated SnO₂ NPs exhibited more degradation efficiencies for Rhodamine B (RhB) dye compared to un-doped sample under UV-Visible irradiation. The dielectric characteristics of un-doped, pure and Cu2+ incorporated SnO₂ nanoparticles were studied at different frequency region under different temperatures. The ac conductivity and impedance analysis of pure and Cu2+ incorporated SnO₂ nanoparticles was also studied. The magnetic properties of the synthesized samples were analysed. Both the sample showed ferromagnetic properties. The research indicated that the Cu2+ ions doping can make the sample a promising candidate for using in the field of optoelectronics, magneto electronics, and microwave devices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines
  11. Enhanced Photocatalytic Behavior of (GO/Cu₂O) Composite with Cu₂O Being Synthesized Through Green Route
    Muthukumaran M, Dhinagaran G, Narayanan V, Raju T, Venkatachalam K, Karthika PC, et al.
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2019 Nov 01;19(11):7215-7220.
    PMID: 31039878 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16671
    Graphene oxide/Cuprous oxide (GO/Cu₂O) composite is a visible light photocatalyst for the degradation of dyes. A simple and efficient approach for preparing GO/Cu₂O composite adopted in this study involves reducing cuprous oxide precursors in the presence of graphene oxide using an aqueous solution of pulp derived from banana fruit. The GO/Cu₂O composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Diffused reflectance Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (DRS UV-Vis), Raman spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Cu₂O particles were distributed randomly on the graphene oxide sheets due to the template effect of GO. The results showed higher photocatalytic activity for the composite (band gap 2.13 eV), for the degradation of the organic dyes (Methylene blue and Rhodamine-B). The enhanced photocatalytic activity is due to effective charge transfer from GO to Cu₂O, and high specific surface area which improves the effective separation of the generated electron-hole pairs. Our present study is inspired by a facile, low cost, green production of (GO/Cu₂O) composite whose photocatalytic activity can be extended to degradation of all other water-born textile dyes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines
  12. Effect of low Fe3+ doping on characteristics, sonocatalytic activity and reusability of TiO2 nanotubes catalysts for removal of Rhodamine B from water
    Pang YL, Abdullah AZ
    J Hazard Mater, 2012 Oct 15;235-236:326-35.
    PMID: 22939090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.08.008
    Fe-doped titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanotubes were prepared using sol-gel followed by hydrothermal methods and characterized using various methods. The sonocatalytic activity was evaluated based on oxidation of Rhodamine B under ultrasonic irradiation. Iron ions (Fe(3+)) might incorporate into the lattice and intercalated in the interlayer spaces of TiO(2) nanotubes. The catalysts showed narrower band gap energies, higher specific surface areas, more active surface oxygen vacancies and significantly improved sonocatalytic activity. The optimum Fe doping at Fe:Ti=0.005 showed the highest sonocatalytic activity and exceeded that of un-doped TiO(2) nanotubes by a factor of 2.3 times. It was believed that Fe(3+) doping induced the formation of new states close to the valence band and conduction bands and accelerated the separation of charge carriers. Leached Fe(3+) could catalyze Fenton-like reaction and led to an increase in the hydroxyl radical (OH) generation. Fe-doped TiO(2) nanotubes could retain high degradation efficiency even after being reused for 4 cycles with minimal loss of Fe from the surface of the catalyst.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines/chemistry*
  13. Decolorization of Acid Red 1 by Fenton-like process using rice husk ash-based catalyst
    Daud NK, Hameed BH
    J Hazard Mater, 2010 Apr 15;176(1-3):938-44.
    PMID: 20042285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.130
    The decolorization of Acid Red 1 (AR1) in aqueous solution was investigated by Fenton-like process. The effect of different reaction parameters such as different iron ions loading on rice husk ash (RHA), dosage of catalyst, initial pH, the initial hydrogen peroxide concentration ([H(2)O(2)](o)), the initial concentration of AR1 ([AR1](o)) and the reaction temperature on the decolorization of AR1 was studied. The optimal reacting conditions were found to be 0.070 wt.% of iron (III) oxide loading on RHA, dosage of catalyst=5.0 g L(-1), initial pH=2.0, [H(2)O(2)](o)=8 mM, [AR1](o)=50 mg L(-1) at temperature 30 degrees C. Under optimal condition, 96% decolorization efficiency of AR1 was achieved within 120 min of reaction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines/chemistry*
  14. Cytotoxicity of plants from Malaysia and Thailand used traditionally to treat cancer
    Lee CC, Houghton P
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2005 Sep 14;100(3):237-43.
    PMID: 15888378
    The SRB cytotoxicity assay was used to screen extracts and isolated constituents of some traditional medicinal plants from Malaysia and Thailand against two human cancer cell lines, COR L23 lung cancer cell line and MCF7 breast cancer cell line and the non-cancer MCF5 cell line. Five out of the seven species tested, i.e. Thai Alpinia galanga, Alpinia officinarum, Cayratia japonica, Physalis minima, Tabernaemontana divaricata, exhibited interesting cytotoxicity activity and this is the first report of cytotoxicity from any Cayratia species. Following bioassay-guided fractionation, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (48h exposure against COR L23 cells, IC(50) 7.8 microM against MCF7 cells, IC(50) 23.9 microM) was isolated as the major cytotoxic component of the Alpinia species, physalin F as the major cytotoxic component of Physalis minima (48 h exposure against COR L23 cells IC(50) 0.4 microM against MCF7 cells, IC(50) 0.59 microM). The Malaysian Alpinia galanga showed weak activity compared with the Thai sample and this was shown to be due to the relatively high amounts of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate present in the Thai sample.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines/pharmacology
  15. Chitosan and chemically modified chitosan beads for acid dyes sorption
    Azlan K, Wan Saime WN, Lai Ken L
    J Environ Sci (China), 2009;21(3):296-302.
    PMID: 19634439
    The capabilities of chitosan and chitosan-EGDE (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) beads for removing Acid Red 37 (AR 37) and Acid Blue 25 (AB 25) from aqueous solution were examined. Chitosan beads were cross-linked with EGDE to enhance its chemical resistance and mechanical strength. Experiments were performed as a function of pH, agitation period and concentration of AR 37 and AB 25. It was shown that the adsorption capacities of chitosan for both acid dyes were comparatively higher than those of chitosan-EGDE. This is mainly because cross-linking using EGDE reduces the major adsorption sites -NH3+ on chitosan. Langmuir isotherm model showed the best conformity compared to Freundlich and BET. The kinetic experimental data agreed very well to the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The desorption study revealed that after three cycles of adsorption and desorption by NaOH and HCl, both adsorbents retained their promising adsorption abilities. FT-IR analysis proved that the adsorption of acid dyes onto chitosan-based adsorbents was a physical adsorption. Results also showed that chitosan and chitosan-EGDE beads were favourable adsorbers and could be employed as low-cost alternatives for the removal of acid dyes in wastewater treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines/chemistry
  16. Fulltext Anticancer peptides derived from supermeal worm (Zophobas morio) larvae
    Yusof, F., Chowdhury, S., Faruck, M. O., Sulaiman, N.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(101):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Cancer still presents enormous challenges in the medical world. Currently, the search for
    anticancer compounds has garnered a lot of interest, especially in finding them from the natural
    sources. In this study, by using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) colorimetric assay, compounds,
    extracted from supermeal worm (Zophobas morio) larvae using two types of acidified organic
    solvent (ethanol and isopropanol), were shown to inhibit the growth of a breast cancer line,
    MCF-7. A comparative study of the effect was carried out on a normal cell line, Vero. Results
    showed that, the two types of extracts inhibits growth of MCF-7 cell at varying degrees, on
    the other hand, have much less effect on Vero cell. Extracts analysed by UV-vis spectroscopy,
    showed peaks in the range of 260 to 280 nm, inferring the presence of aromatic amino acids,
    whereas the highest peak of 3.608 AU at 230 nm indicates the presence of peptide bonds. By
    Raman spectroscopy, peaks are observed at 1349 cm-1, 944 cm-1 and 841 cm-1 indicating the
    presence of Tyr, Try and Gly, confirming the UV-vis analyses. All results of analyses implied
    that the anticancer compounds contain peptides.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines
  17. Cd(2+) Triggered the FRET "ON": A New Molecular Switch for the Ratiometric Detection of Cd(2+) with Live-Cell Imaging and Bound X-ray Structure
    Aich K, Goswami S, Das S, Mukhopadhyay CD, Quah CK, Fun HK
    Inorg Chem, 2015 Aug 3;54(15):7309-15.
    PMID: 26192906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00784
    On the basis of the Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism between rhodamine and quinoline-benzothiazole conjugated dyad, a new colorimetric as well as fluorescence ratiometric probe was synthesized for the selective detection of Cd(2+). The complex formation of the probe with Cd(2+) was confirmed through Cd(2+)-bound single-crystal structure. Capability of the probe as imaging agent to detect the cellular uptake of Cd(2+) was demonstrated here using living RAW cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines/chemistry
  18. Emergence of Aureobasidium pullulans as human fungal pathogen and molecular assay for future medical diagnosis
    Chan GF, Puad MS, Chin CF, Rashid NA
    Folia Microbiol (Praha), 2011 Sep;56(5):459-67.
    PMID: 21909832 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-011-0070-9
    Despite the great importance of Aureobasidium pullulans in biotechnology, the fungus had emerged as an opportunistic human pathogen, especially among immunocompromised patients. Clinical detection of this rare human fungal pathogen presently relies on morphology diagnosis which may be misleading. Thus, a sensitive and accurate quantitative molecular assay for A. pullulans remains lacking. In this study, we presented the microscopy observations of A. pullulans that reveals the phenotypic plasticity of the fungus. A. pullulans-specific primers and molecular beacon probes were designed based on the fungal 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Comparison of two probes with varied quencher chemistry, namely BHQ-1 and Tamra, revealed high amplification efficiency of 104% and 108%, respectively. The optimized quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays could detect and quantify up to 1 pg concentration of A. pullulans DNA. Both assays displayed satisfactory performance parameters at fast thermal cycling mode. The molecular assay has great potential as a molecular diagnosis tool for early detection of fungal infection caused by A. pullulans, which merits future study in clinical diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines/analysis
  19. Fulltext Xanthohumol induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in ca ski human cervical cancer cells
    Yong WK, Abd Malek SN
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2015;2015:921306.
    PMID: 25949267 DOI: 10.1155/2015/921306
    We investigate induction of apoptosis by xanthohumol on Ca Ski cervical cancer cell line. Xanthohumol is a prenylated chalcone naturally found in hop plants, previously reported to be an effective anticancer agent in various cancer cell lines. The present study showed that xanthohumol was effective to inhibit proliferation of Ca Ski cells based on IC50 values using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Furthermore, cellular and nuclear morphological changes were observed in the cells using phase contrast microscopy and Hoechst/PI fluorescent staining. In addition, 48-hour long treatment with xanthohumol triggered externalization of phosphatidylserine, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA fragmentation in the cells. Additionally, xanthohumol mediated S phase arrest in cell cycle analysis and increased activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. On the other hand, Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of cleaved PARP, p53, and AIF increased, while Bcl-2 and XIAP decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings indicate that xanthohumol-induced cell death might involve intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, as well as downregulation of XIAP, upregulation of p53 proteins, and S phase cell cycle arrest in Ca Ski cervical cancer cells. This work suggests that xanthohumol is a potent chemotherapeutic candidate for cervical cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines
  20. Fulltext Optimization of Cat's Whiskers Tea (Orthosiphon stamineus) Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Selective Chemotherapeutic Potential against Prostate Cancer Cells
    Al-Suede FS, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Abdul Majid AS, Baharetha HM, Hassan LE, Kadir MO, et al.
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014;2014:396016.
    PMID: 25276215 DOI: 10.1155/2014/396016
    Cat's whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus) leaves extracts were prepared using supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) with full factorial design to determine the optimum extraction parameters. Nine extracts were obtained by varying pressure, temperature, and time. The extracts were analysed using FTIR, UV-Vis, and GC-MS. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated on human (colorectal, breast, and prostate) cancer and normal fibroblast cells. Moderate pressure (31.1 MPa) and temperature (60°C) were recorded as optimum extraction conditions with high yield (1.74%) of the extract (B2) at 60 min extraction time. The optimized extract (B2) displayed selective cytotoxicity against prostate cancer (PC3) cells (IC50 28 µg/mL) and significant antioxidant activity (IC50 42.8 µg/mL). Elevated levels of caspases 3/7 and 9 in B2-treated PC3 cells suggest the induction of apoptosis through nuclear and mitochondrial pathways. Hoechst and rhodamine assays confirmed the nuclear condensation and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in the cells. B2 also demonstrated inhibitory effects on motility and colonies of PC3 cells at its subcytotoxic concentrations. It is noteworthy that B2 displayed negligible toxicity against the normal cells. Chemometric analysis revealed high content of essential oils, hydrocarbon, fatty acids, esters, and aromatic sesquiterpenes in B2. This study highlights the therapeutic potentials of SC-CO2 extract of cat's whiskers in targeting prostate carcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rhodamines
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