Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 55 in total

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  1. A prospective study of mycobacterial viability in refrigerated, unpreserved sputum batched for up to 8 weeks
    Rashid Ali MR, Parameswaran U, William T, Bird E, Wilkes CS, Lee WK, et al.
    Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2015 May;19(5):620-1.
    PMID: 25868033 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0938
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis
  2. Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology consensus on tuberculosis infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment. Part 2: Management
    Park DI, Hisamatsu T, Chen M, Ng SC, Ooi CJ, Wei SC, et al.
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018 Jan;33(1):30-36.
    PMID: 29024102 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14018
    Because anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy has become increasingly popular in many Asian countries, the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) among anti-TNF users may raise serious health problems in this region. Thus, the Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and the Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology have developed a set of consensus statements about risk assessment, detection and prevention of latent TB infection, and management of active TB infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving anti-TNF treatment. Twenty-three consensus statements were initially drafted and then discussed by the committee members. The quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations were assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Web-based consensus voting was performed by 211 IBD specialists from nine Asian countries concerning each statement. A consensus statement was accepted if at least 75% of the participants agreed. Part 2 of the statements comprised three parts: (3) management of latent TB in preparation for anti-TNF therapy, (4) monitoring during anti-TNF therapy, and (5) management of an active TB infection after anti-TNF therapy. These consensus statements will help clinicians optimize patient outcomes by reducing the morbidity and mortality related to TB infections in patients with IBD receiving anti-TNF treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis
  3. Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology consensus on tuberculosis infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment. Part 1: Risk assessment
    Park DI, Hisamatsu T, Chen M, Ng SC, Ooi CJ, Wei SC, et al.
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018 Jan;33(1):20-29.
    PMID: 29023903 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14019
    Because anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy has become increasingly popular in many Asian countries, the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) among anti-TNF users may raise serious health problems in this region. Thus, the Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and the Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology have developed a set of consensus statements about risk assessment, detection, and prevention of latent TB infection and management of active TB infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving anti-TNF treatment. Twenty-three consensus statements were initially drafted and then discussed by the committee members. The quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations were assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Web-based consensus voting was performed by 211 IBD specialists from nine Asian countries concerning each statement. A consensus statement was accepted if at least 75% of the participants agreed. Part 1 of the statements comprised two parts: (i) risk of TB infection during anti-TNF therapy and (ii) screening for TB infection prior to commencing anti-TNF therapy. These consensus statements will help clinicians optimize patient outcomes by reducing the morbidity and mortality related to TB infections in patients with IBD receiving anti-TNF treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis
  4. Fulltext Bilateral atypical optic neuritis associated with tuberculosis in an immunocompromised patient
    Jaafar J, Hitam WH, Noor RA
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2012 Jul;2(7):586-8.
    PMID: 23569976 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60102-6
    A 27 year-old lady, presented with sudden loss of vision in the right eye for a week. It was followed by poor vision in the left eye after 3 days. It involved the whole entire visual field and was associated with pain on eye movement. She was diagnosed to have miliary tuberculosis and retroviral disease 4 months ago. She was started on anti-TB since then but defaulted highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). On examination, her visual acuity was no perception of light in the right eye and 6/120 (pinhole 3/60) in the left eye. Anterior segment in both eyes was unremarkable. Funduscopy showed bilateral optic disc swelling with presence of multiple foci of choroiditis in the peripheral retina. The vitreous and retinal vessels were normal. Chest radiography was normal. CT scan of orbit and brain revealed bilateral enhancement of the optic nerve sheath that suggest the diagnosis of bilateral atypical optic neuritis. This patient was managed with infectious disease team. She was started on HAART and anti-TB treatment was continued. She completed anti-TB treatment after 9 months without any serious side effects. During follow up the visual acuity in both eyes was not improved. However, funduscopy showed resolving of disc swelling and choroiditis following treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis*
  5. Fulltext Clinical significance of Mantoux test in Malaysian patients
    Yaacob I, Ahmad Z
    Med J Malaysia, 1990 Sep;45(3):231-4.
    PMID: 2152084
    The value of tuberculin skin testing in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis remains uncertain. Interpretation of tuberculin tests would be easier if the tuberculin test profiles in different communities were accurately known. We reviewed 468 Mantoux test reactions in patients coming to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia with suspected tuberculosis. Eighty six percent of patients with active tuberculosis had a positive Mantoux test. Forty two percent of the cases of positive Mantoux test did not have evidence of active tuberculosis. Most of these cases had evidence of past infection with tuberculosis. We conclude that Mantoux test is a sensitive but a non-specific test in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis.
    Study site: outpatients, inpatients; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis*
  6. Comparison of BACTEC MGIT 960 system and BACTEC 460 TB system for growth and detection of Mycobacteria from clinical specimens
    Ganeswrie R, Chui CS, Balan S, Puthucheary SD
    Malays J Pathol, 2004 Dec;26(2):99-103.
    PMID: 16329561
    This study was carried out to compare the performance of BACTEC MGIT 960 with the BACTEC 460 TB for growth and detection of Mycobacteria from human clinical specimens. The BACTEC MGIT 960 instrument is a fully automated system that utilizes MGIT tubes containing an oxygen sensor embedded in silicon at the bottom and filled with 7 mL of modified Middlebrook 7H9 broth. Identical samples were inoculated into the two automated systems and incubated for six weeks. Over a period of three months, 279 specimens were decontaminated and processed according to the standard CDC NALC/NaOH method, using the commercial MycoPrep kit. Forty-two specimens (15%) yielded Mycobacterium tuberculosis; 37 (88%) were detected by the fluorescent BACTEC MGIT 960 and 35 (83%) detected by the radiometric BACTEC 460 TB. Fifteen specimens (5%) yielded Mycobacterium Other Than Tuberculosis (MOTT); 10 (66%) were detected by BACTEC MGIT 960 and 11 (73%) detected by BACTEC 460 TB. The average time to detection and contamination rates and the average time to obtain results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests between the two systems were compared. The performance of the BACTEC MGIT 960 was comparable to the BACTEC 460 TB system which has been the "Gold Standard" for automated detection of TB. The former was more rapid, as sensitive and less labour intensive than the BACTEC 460. Our data demonstrates that the BACTEC MGIT 960 system is an accurate, automated and a non-radioactive alternative to the BACTEC 460 TB for the culture and susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis*
  7. Congenital Tuberculosis Complicated by Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
    Osowicki J, Wang S, McKenzie C, Marshall C, Gard J, Ke Juin W, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2016 Jan;35(1):108-10.
    PMID: 26398869 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000932
    We present the case of a male infant with congenital tuberculosis in a nonendemic setting complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, who was treated successfully with antituberculous therapy and corticosteroids. We review the pediatric literature concerning the unusual association of these 2 rare conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis
  8. Fulltext Costs associated with tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in Yemen for patients and public health services
    Othman GQ, Ibrahim MI, Raja'a YA
    East Mediterr Health J, 2012 Apr;18(4):393-8.
    PMID: 22768704
    This study determined the costs associated with tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment for the public health services and patients in Sana'a, Yemen. Data were collected prospectively from 320 pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB patients (160 each) who were followed until completion of treatment. Direct medical and nonmedical costs and indirect costs were calculated. The proportionate cost to the patients for pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB was 76.1% arid 89.4% respectively of the total for treatment. The mean cost to patients for pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB treatment was US$ 108.4 and US$ 328.0 respectively. The mean cost per patient to the health services for pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB treatment was US$ 34.0 and US$ 38.8 respectively. For pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB, drug treatment represented 59.3% and 77.9% respectively of the total cost to the health services. The greatest proportionate cost to patients for pulmonary TB treatment was time away from work (67.5% of the total cost), and for extrapulmonary TB was laboratory and X-ray costs (55.5%) followed by transportation (28.6%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis
  9. DNA markers for tuberculosis diagnosis
    Chin KL, Sarmiento ME, Norazmi MN, Acosta A
    Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2018 12;113:139-152.
    PMID: 30514496 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.09.008
    Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), is an infectious disease with more than 10.4 million cases and 1.7 million deaths reported worldwide in 2016. The classical methods for detection and differentiation of mycobacteria are: acid-fast microscopy (Ziehl-Neelsen staining), culture, and biochemical methods. However, the microbial phenotypic characterization is time-consuming and laborious. Thus, fast, easy, and sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have been developed based on specific DNA markers, which are commercially available for TB diagnosis. Despite these developments, the disease remains uncontrollable. The identification and differentiation among MTBC members with the use of NAATs remains challenging due, among other factors, to the high degree of homology within the members and mutations, which hinders the identification of specific target sequences in the genome with potential impact in the diagnosis and treatment outcomes. In silico methods provide predictive identification of many new target genes/fragments/regions that can specifically be used to identify species/strains, which have not been fully explored. This review focused on DNA markers useful for MTBC detection, species identification and antibiotic resistance determination. The use of DNA targets with new technological approaches will help to develop NAATs applicable to all levels of the health system, mainly in low resource areas, which urgently need customized methods to their specific conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis*
  10. Detection and discrimination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
    Issa R, Mohd Hassan NA, Abdul H, Hashim SH, Seradja VH, Abdul Sani A
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2012 Jan;72(1):62-7.
    PMID: 22078904 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.09.021
    A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was developed for detection and discrimination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv and H37Ra) and M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) from mycobacterial other than tuberculosis (MOTT). It was based on the melting curve (Tm) analysis of the gyrB gene using SYBR(®) Green I detection dye and the LightCycler 1.5 system. The optimal conditions for the assay were 0.25 μmol/L of primers with 3.1 mmol/L of MgCl(2) and 45 cycles of amplification. For M. tuberculosis (H37Rv and H37Ra) and M. bovis BCG of the MTBC, we detected the crossing points (Cp) at cycles of 16.96 ± 0.07, 18.02 ± 0.14, and 18.62 ± 0.09, respectively, while the Tm values were 90.19 ± 0.06 °C, 90.27 ± 0.09 °C, and 89.81 ± 0.04 °C, respectively. The assay was sensitive and rapid with a detection limit of 10 pg of the DNA template within 35 min. In this study, the Tm analysis of the qPCR assay was applied for the detection and discrimination of MTBC from MOTT.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis*
  11. Development of an immunochromatographic lateral flow dipstick for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16 kDa antigen (Mtb-strip)
    Mohd Amiruddin MN, Ang GY, Yu CY, Falero-Diaz G, Otero O, Reyes F, et al.
    J Microbiol Methods, 2020 09;176:106003.
    PMID: 32702386 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106003
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). This contagious disease remains a severe health problem in the world. The disease is transmitted via inhalation of airborne droplets carrying Mtb from TB patients. Early detection of the disease is vital to prevent transmission of the infection to people in close contact with the patients. To date, there is a need of a simple, rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic test for TB. Previous studies showed the potential of Mtb 16 kDa antigen (Ag16) in TB diagnosis. In this study, lateral flow immunoassay, also called simple strip immunoassay or immunochromatographic test (ICT) for detection of Ag16 was developed (Mtb-strip) and assessed as a potential rapid TB diagnosis method. A monoclonal antibody against Ag16 was optimized as the capturing and detection antibody on the Mtb-strip. Parameters affecting the performance of the Mtb-strip were also optimized before a complete prototype was developed. Analytical sensitivity showed that Mtb-strip was capable to detect as low as 125 ng of purified Ag16. The analytical sensitivity of Mtb-strip suggests its potential usefulness in different clinical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis*
  12. Fulltext Diagnosis and management of latent tuberculosis infection in Asia: Review of current status and challenges
    Paton NI, Borand L, Benedicto J, Kyi MM, Mahmud AM, Norazmi MN, et al.
    Int J Infect Dis, 2019 Oct;87:21-29.
    PMID: 31301458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.004
    Asia has the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI) in the world. Optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of LTBI is one of the key strategies for achieving the WHO 'End TB' targets. We report the discussions from the Asia Latent TubERculosis (ALTER) expert panel meeting held in 2018 in Singapore. In this meeting, a group of 13 TB experts from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam convened to review the literature, discuss the barriers and propose strategies to improve the management of LTBI in Asia. Strategies for the optimization of risk group prioritization, diagnosis, treatment, and research of LTBI are reported. The perspectives presented herein, may help national programs and professional societies of the respective countries enhance the adoption of the WHO guidelines, scale-up the implementation of national guidelines based on the regional needs, and provide optimal guidance to clinicians for the programmatic management of LTBI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis*
  13. Diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert® MTB/RIF cycle threshold level to predict smear positivity: a meta-analysis
    Lange B, Khan P, Kalmambetova G, Al-Darraji HA, Alland D, Antonenka U, et al.
    Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2017 05 01;21(5):493-502.
    PMID: 28399963 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.16.0702
    SETTING: Xpert® MTB/RIF is the most widely used molecular assay for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). The number of polymerase chain reaction cycles after which detectable product is generated (cycle threshold value, CT) correlates with the bacillary burden.OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between Xpert CT values and smear status through a systematic review and individual-level data meta-analysis.

    DESIGN: Studies on the association between CT values and smear status were included in a descriptive systematic review. Authors of studies including smear, culture and Xpert results were asked for individual-level data, and receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated.

    RESULTS: Of 918 citations, 10 were included in the descriptive systematic review. Fifteen data sets from studies potentially relevant for individual-level data meta-analysis provided individual-level data (7511 samples from 4447 patients); 1212 patients had positive Xpert results for at least one respiratory sample (1859 samples overall). ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 (95%CI 0.82-0.87). Cut-off CT values of 27.7 and 31.8 yielded sensitivities of 85% (95%CI 83-87) and 95% (95%CI 94-96) and specificities of 67% (95%CI 66-77) and 35% (95%CI 30-41) for smear-positive samples.

    CONCLUSION: Xpert CT values and smear status were strongly associated. However, diagnostic accuracy at set cut-off CT values of 27.7 or 31.8 would not replace smear microscopy. How CT values compare with smear microscopy in predicting infectiousness remains to be seen.

    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis*
  14. Diagnostic challenges in tuberculous otitis media
    Tang IP, Prepageran N, Ong CA, Puraviappan P
    J Laryngol Otol, 2010 Aug;124(8):913-5.
    PMID: 20426886 DOI: 10.1017/S0022215110000265
    To demonstrate the different clinical presentations of tuberculous otitis media and the management of selected cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis*
  15. Fulltext Disseminated tuberculosis masquerading primary myelodysplastic syndrome
    Shaharir SS, Tumian NR, Yu Lin AB, Abdul Wahid SF
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2013 Mar;7(3):286-8.
    PMID: 23493009 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.2691
    Tuberculosis is notoriously known to be a great mimicker of other diseases and may cause various haematologic abnormalities, especially with marrow involvement. A 61-year-old man who presented with right empyema and pancytopenia was diagnosed to have disseminated tuberculosis supported by the presence of caseating granuloma with Langhan's giant cells in the marrow and demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in the pleural fluid. Trilineage dysplasia from marrow aspirate was initially attributed to be reactive to the infection. A cytogenetic study was repeated after he showed poor response to a year of anti-tuberculosis treatment. The underlying primary myelodysplastic syndrome was unmasked when his cytogenetics showed trisomy 8. This case report has demonstrated the various haematological manifestations of tuberculosis and highlighted the importance of cytogenetic study in differentiating between primary and secondary myelodysplastic marrow changes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis*
  16. Effect of delay in diagnosis on the rate of tuberculosis among close contacts of tuberculosis patients
    Aldhubhani AH, lzham MI, Pazilah I, Anaam MS
    East Mediterr Health J, 2013 Oct;19(10):837-42.
    PMID: 24313146
    Few studies have explored diagnosis delay by tuberculosis (TB) patients and its effects on the rate of infection among their close contacts. A cross-sectional study of the close contacts of 505 newly diagnosed TB patients was conducted in a TB referral centre in Sana'a, Yemen from 2008 to 2010. Only the close contacts of 89 new TB patients agreed to participate and completed the tuberculin skin test (TST). Of the 239 close contacts investigated, 133 (55.6%) had a positive TST result. Index patients were classified as long or short diagnosis delay (above or below the median). There was no significant difference in the number of infected close contacts between long and short delay index patients (Mann-Whitney U-test). A larger sample size, with more incentives for patients to participate and the use of other investigative tools could provide a better picture of the pattern of TB transmission among all contacts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis*
  17. Fulltext Effects of repeated comparative intradermal tuberculin testing on test results: a longitudinal study in TB-free red deer
    Che-Amat A, Risalde MÁ, González-Barrio D, Ortíz JA, Gortázar C
    BMC Vet Res, 2016 Sep 05;12(1):184.
    PMID: 27596591 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0825-2
    Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) is challenging and might require combining cellular and humoral diagnostic tests. Repeated skin-testing with mycobacterial purified protein derivatives (PPDs) might sensitize or desensitize the subjects to both kinds of diagnostic tools. We evaluated the effect of repeated (every 6 months) comparative tuberculin skin testing on skin test and ELISA responsiveness in farmed red deer hinds from a TB-free herd. Eighteen 8-month old hinds were inoculated with bovine and avian PPDs and the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), as positive control and concurrently tested by ELISA for antibodies against avian (avian PPD, aPPD and protoplasmatic antigen 3, PPA3) and bovine antigens (bPPD and MPB70). Blood serum was also sampled three weeks after each skin testing round and tested for antibodies against aPPD and bPPD, in order to detect eventual antibody level boosts. Testing took place every six months from winter 2012 until winter 2015.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis
  18. Fulltext Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Sabah, Malaysia, 2012-2018
    Goroh MMD, Rajahram GS, Avoi R, Van Den Boogaard CHA, William T, Ralph AP, et al.
    Infect Dis Poverty, 2020 Aug 26;9(1):119.
    PMID: 32843089 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00739-7
    BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is of high public health importance in Malaysia. Sabah State, located on the island of Borneo, has previously reported a particularly high burden of disease and faces unique contextual challenges compared with peninsular Malaysia. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of TB in Sabah to identify risk groups and hotspots of TB transmission.

    METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of TB cases notified in Sabah, Malaysia, between 2012 and 2018. Using data from the state's 'myTB' notification database, we calculated the case notification rate and described trends in the epidemiology, diagnostic practices and treatment outcomes of TB in Sabah within this period. The Chi-squared test was used for determining the difference between two proportions.

    RESULTS: Between 2012 and 2018 there were 33 193 cases of TB reported in Sabah (128 cases per 100 000 population). We identified several geographic hotspots, including districts with > 200 cases per 100 000 population per year. TB rates increased with age and were highest in older males. Children

    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis
  19. Fasciolopsiasis: a first case report from Malaysia
    Rohela M, Jamaiah I, Menon J, Rachel J
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2005 Mar;36(2):456-8.
    PMID: 15916055
    Fasciolopsiasis is a disease caused by the largest intestinal fluke, Fasciolopsis buski. The disease is endemic in the Far East and Southeast Asia. Human acquires the infection after eating raw freshwater plants contaminated with the infective metacercariae. There has been no report of fasciolopsiasis either in man or in animal in Malaysia. We are reporting the first case of fasciolopsiasis in Malaysia in a 39-year-old female farmer, a native of Sabah (East Malaysia). This patient complained of cough and fever for a duration of two weeks, associated with loss of appetite and loss of weight. She had no history of traveling overseas. Physical examination showed pallor, multiple cervical and inguinal lymph nodes and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory investigations showed that she had iron deficiency anemia. There was leukocytosis and a raised ESR. Lymph node biopsy revealed a caseating granuloma. Stool examination was positive for the eggs of Fasciolopsis buski. The eggs measure 140 x 72.5 microm and are operculated. In this case, the patient did not present with symptoms suggestive of any intestinal parasitic infections. Detection of Fasciolopsis buski eggs in the stool was an incidental finding. She was diagnosed as a case of disseminated tuberculosis with fasciolopsiasis and was treated with antituberculosis drugs and praziquantel, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis
  20. Fulltext Guinea pig inoculation versus culture in the diagnosis of tuberculosis
    Cheong YM, Jegathesan M
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Dec;38(4):350.
    PMID: 6443797
    Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis*
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