Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 48 in total

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  1. Fulltext Using satellite-measured relative humidity for prediction of Metisa plana's population in oil palm plantations: A comparative assessment of regression and artificial neural network models
    Ruslan SA, Muharam FM, Zulkafli Z, Omar D, Zambri MP
    PLoS One, 2019;14(10):e0223968.
    PMID: 31626637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223968
    Metisa plana (Walker) is a leaf defoliating pest that is able to cause staggering economical losses to oil palm cultivation. Considering the economic devastation that the pest could bring, an early warning system to predict its outbreak is crucial. The state of art of satellite technologies are now able to derive environmental factors such as relative humidity (RH) that may influence pest population's fluctuations in rapid, harmless, and cost-effective manners. This study examined the relationship between the presence of Metisa plana at different time lags and remote sensing (RS) derived RH by using statistical and machine learning approaches. Metisa plana census data of cumulated larvae instar 1, 2, 3, and 4 were collected biweekly in 2014 and 2015 in an oil palm plantation in Muadzam Shah, Pahang, Malaysia. Relative humidity values derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images were apportioned to 6 time lags; 1 week (T1), 2 weeks (T2), 3 week (T3), 4 weeks (T4), 5 week (T5) and 6 weeks (T6) and paired with the respective census data. Pearson's correlation was carried out to analyse the relationship between Metisa plana and RH at different time lags. Regression analyses and artificial neural network (ANN) were also conducted to develop the best prediction model of Metisa plana's outbreak. The results showed relatively high correlations, positively or negatively, between the presences of Metisa plana with RH ranging from 0.46 to 0.99. ANN was found to be superior to regression models with the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) between the actual and predicted Metisa plana values ranging from 0.06 to 0.57 versus 0.00 to 0.05. The analysis on the best time lags illustrated that the multiple time lags were more influential on the Metisa plana population than the individual time lags. The best Metisa plana prediction model was derived from T1, T2 and T3 multiple time lags modelled using the ANN algorithm with R2 value of 0.57, errors below 1.14 and accuracies above 93%. Based on the result of this study, the elucidation of Metisa plana's landscape ecology was possible with the utilization of RH as the predictor variable in consideration of the time lag effects of RH on the pest's population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera/growth & development*; Lepidoptera/physiology
  2. Fulltext Production of carbon dioxide using direct pyrolysis-combustion from Aquilariella Malaccensis or karas woods under argon atmosphere
    Noraishah Othman, Siti Kartom Kamarudin, Muhd Noor Md Yunus, Abd. Halim Shamsuddin, Siti Rozaimah, Zahirah Yaakob
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2009;17(2):-.
    MyJurnal
    The production of carbon dioxide from Karas woods under argon atmosphere was investigated using a direct pyrolysis-combustion approach. Direct burning was used in this study, using argon for yrolysis and oxygen during combustion to look at the yield of carbon dioxide, produced at different parameters, such as the temperature, retention time and flow rate of argon, as the carrier gas. In this study, a new methodology, 23 response surface central composite design was successfully employed for the experimental design and analysis of results. Central composite experimental design and response surface method were utilized to determine the best operating condition for a maximum carbon dioxide production. Appropriate predictable empirical linear model was developed by incorporating interaction effects of all the variables involved. The results of the analysis revealed that linear equation models fitted well with the experimental for carbon dioxide yield. Nevertheless, the R-Squared obtained using the direct pyrolysis-combustion was 0.7118, indicating that the regression line was not at the best-fitted line.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera
  3. Fulltext Effects of process parameters on the production of carbon dioxide from karas woods for radiocarbon dating application using integrated pyrolysis-combustion
    Noraishah Othman, Muhd Noor Md Yunus, Siti Kartom Kamarudin, Abd Halim Shamsuddin, Siti Rozaimah, Zahirah Yaakob
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2008;2008(1):53-63.
    MyJurnal
    Production of carbon dioxide from degraded woods especially Karas or Aquilariella Malaccensis using integrated pyrolysis-combustion is important for radiocarbon dating application. The effects of pyrolysis temperatures (300-400 0 C), retention times (20-35 minutes) and flow rates of argon (400- 1000 ml/min) on the production of carbon dioxide were studied. The experiments were arranged according to a 2 3 response surface central composite statistical design (CSD). This response surface methodology (RSM) was used to assess factor interactions and empirical models regarding carbon dioxide yield. The optimized yield of carbon dioxide was 82.57% for Karas and the optimum reaction conditions are 300 0 C of pyrolysis temperature, 20 minutes retention time and 982ml/min flow rates of argon. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were conducted to assess the morphological characteristics of the woods and to look at the potential crystalline structure produced after the process took place, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera
  4. Fulltext Persistent mosquito fogging can be detrimental to non-target invertebrates in an urban tropical forest
    Lee NSM, Clements GR, Ting ASY, Wong ZH, Yek SH
    PeerJ, 2020;8:e10033.
    PMID: 33062440 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10033
    Background: Human population growth has led to biodiversity declines in tropical cities. While habitat loss and fragmentation have been the main drivers of urban biodiversity loss, man-made interventions to reduce health risks have also emerged as an unintentional threat. For instance, insecticide fogging to control mosquito populations has become the most common method of preventing the expansion of mosquito-borne diseases such as Dengue. However, the effectiveness of fogging in killing mosquitoes has been called into question. One concern is the unintended effect of insecticide fogging on non-target invertebrates that are crucial for the maintenance of urban ecosystems. Here, we investigate the impacts of fogging on: (1) target invertebrate taxon (Diptera, including mosquitoes); (2) non-target invertebrate taxa; and (3) the foraging behavior of an invertebrate pollinator taxon (Lepidoptera) within an urban tropical forest.

    Methods: We carried out fogging with Pyrethroid insecticide (Detral 2.5 EC) at 10 different sites in a forest situated in the state of Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Across the sites, we counted the numbers of knocked-down invertebrates and identified them based on morphology to different taxa. We constructed Bayesian hierarchical Poisson regression models to investigate the effects of fogging on: (1) a target invertebrate taxon (Diptera) 3-h post-fogging; (2) selected non-target invertebrate taxa 3-h post-fogging; and (3) an invertebrate pollinator taxon (Lepidoptera) 24-h post-fogging.

    Results: A total of 1,874 invertebrates from 19 invertebrate orders were knocked down by the fogging treatment across the 10 sites. Furthermore, 72.7% of the invertebrates counted 3-h post-fogging was considered dead. Our regression models showed that given the data and prior information, the probability that fogging had a negative effect on invertebrate taxa 3-h post-fogging was 100%, with reductions to 11% of the pre-fogging count of live individuals for the target invertebrate taxon (Diptera), and between 5% and 58% of the pre-fogging count of live individuals for non-target invertebrate taxa. For the invertebrate pollinator, the probability that fogging had a negative effect 24-h post-fogging was also 100%, with reductions to 53% of the pre-fogging count of live individuals.

    Discussion: Our Bayesian models unequivocally demonstrate that fogging has detrimental effects on one pollinator order and non-target invertebrate orders, especially taxa that have comparatively lower levels of chitinisation. While fogging is effective in killing the target order (Diptera), no mosquitos were found dead in our experiment. In order to maintain urban biodiversity, we recommend that health authorities and the private sector move away from persistent insecticide fogging and to explore alternative measures to control adult mosquito populations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera
  5. Study on moths of the Herminia decipiens complex (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae) with descriptions of three new species
    Owada M, Wu S
    Zootaxa, 2019 Aug 09;4652(3):zootaxa.4652.3.13.
    PMID: 31716865 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4652.3.13
    Asian herminiine moths of the Herminia decipiens complex are revised and five allopatric species are recognized, i.e. Herminia decipiens (Hampson, 1898) in Nilgiri Hills, Khasi Hills, South China, Indochina, Malay Peninsula, H. terminalis (Wileman, 1915) in Taiwan, H. yuksam sp. nov. in East Nepal, Sikkim, H. borneo sp. nov. in Borneo and H. amamioshima sp. nov. in Amami-oshima Is., Shimo-Koshikijima Is. and South Kyushu (Kagoshima). Key to all species is given.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera*
  6. Fulltext Resource partitioning among bat species in Peninsular Malaysia rice fields
    Abdullah NI, Elias NA, Ohte N, Vincenot C
    PeerJ, 2024;12:e16657.
    PMID: 38250723 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16657
    Resource partitioning among tropical bats in agricultural areas of Peninsular Malaysia remains unclear. This study was conducted to evaluate resource partitioning among bats by examining their fecal samples. The main bat species sampled included: Rhinolophus coelophyllus, Rhinolophus malayanus, Rhinolophus pusillus, Rhinolophus refulgens, Taphozous melanopogon and Hipposideros larvatus. Two harp traps were set at different elevations on a hilltop (Gunung Keriang) and two high nets were used in neighboring rice fields at three sites, for three consecutive nights per sampling from April 2021 to February 2022. A total of 301 bats and 1,505 pellets were analyzed using a conventional approach which examined the fecal sample under the microscope. All of the bat species within the study had insects from the order Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera in their diet. Larger bats exhibited a greater variety of prey consumption. Male individuals were observed to be generalists while female individuals were specialists, particularly during pregnancy and lactating reproductive stages. Bat species and insect order had a significant impact on the percentage fragment frequency of the insects consumed. Rhinolophus coelophyllus specialized in feeding on Coleoptera and Diptera, H. larvatus fed on Coleoptera, R. malayanus fed on Hemiptera, R. pusillus and T. melanopogon fed on Lepidoptera. Future molecular analysis can be carried out to further identify the insect pests consumed by these bats up to species level. These findings enhance our understanding of bats' ecological roles in agricultural landscapes and contribute to conservation and pest management strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera*
  7. Antibodies in human sera reacting with an insect pathogenic virus
    MacCallum F, Brown G, Tinsley T
    Intervirology, 1979;11(4):234-7.
    PMID: 107144
    Precipitating antibodies to an insect pathogenic RNA virus of Darna trima from East Malaysia have been found in a small percentage of human sera from several different groups of persons in West Malaysia and the United Kingdom. No associated illness was identified. The results suggest that an antigenically related virus or viruses are present in the environment that may be associated with symptomless or inapparent infections in man.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera/microbiology*
  8. Fulltext Potential uses of cocoa bean infested by Conopomorpha cramerella for polyphenol extraction
    Misnawi, Teguh, W.
    International Food Research Journal, 2008;15(1):27-34.
    MyJurnal
    Cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen)) is the main fatal pest that destroys cocoa plantations in South East Asia, mainly in Indonesia and Malaysia. Infested cocoa beans stick to each other, the pulp become hard and normal fermentation process to produce flavour precursors cannot be done. This research aimed to utilize the infested cocoa beans as a source of phenolic compounds. Extraction of phenolic compounds was carried out for three infestation levels regarded as low, medium and heavy. Parameters of study were bean size, shell content, fat content, total polyphenol and antioxidant activity. Results of the study showed that the increase in cocoa pod borer infestation significantly decreased cocoa bean size, fat content and total polyphenol; but shell content was increased. Antioxidant activity of the extracted polyphenol was not significantly affected by the infestation. The results clearly indicate that cocoa beans infested by cocoa pod borer can potentially to be used as a source of phenolic compounds for natural antioxidant uses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera
  9. Assessing diet of the rufous-winged philentoma (philentoma pyrhoptera) in lowland tropical forest using next-generation sequencing
    Mohammad Saiful Mansor, Shukor Md. Nor, Rosli Ramli
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1045-1050.
    Dietary study provides understanding in predator-prey relationships, yet diet of tropical forest birds is poorly understood.
    In this study, a non-invasive method, next-generation sequencing (Illumina MiSeq platform) was used to identify prey in
    the faecal samples of the Rufous-winged Philentoma (Philentoma pyrhoptera). Dietary samples were collected in lowland
    tropical forest of central Peninsular Malaysia. A general invertebrate primer pair was used for the first time to assess
    diet of tropical birds. The USEARCH was used to cluster the COI mtDNA sequences into Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU).
    OTU sequences were aligned and queried through the GenBank or Biodiversity of Life Database (BOLD). We identified
    26 distinct arthropod taxa from 31 OTUs. Of all OTUs, there was three that could be identified up to species level, 20 to
    genus level, three to family level and five could not assigned to any taxa (the BLAST hits were poor). All sequences were
    identified to class Insecta belonging to 18 families from four orders, where Lepidoptera representing major insect order
    consumed by study bird species. This non-invasive molecular approach provides a practical and rapid technique to
    understand of how energy flows across ecosystems. This technique could be very useful to screen for possible particular
    pest insects consumed by insectivores (e.g. birds and bats) in crop plantation. A comprehensive arthropod studies and
    local reference sequences need to be added to the database to improve the proportion of sequences that can be identified.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera
  10. Three new taxa of the genus Cechetra Zolotuhin Ryabov, 2012 (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) from South-East Asia with notes on other species of the genus
    Ivshin N, Krutov V, Romanov D
    Zootaxa, 2018 Jul 23;4450(1):1-25.
    PMID: 30313854 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.1.1
    Two new species and one subspecies of the genus Cechetra Zolotuhin Ryabov, 2012 are described from South-East Asia. Cechetra bryki sp.n. is described from Nepal, Myanmar (Burma), southwestern China and northern Vietnam. This species is most closely related in habitus, male genitalia morphology and COI mtDNA to the sympatric species, C. lineosa (Walker, 1856) and C. scotti (Rothschild, 1920) in habitus, male genitalia morphology and COI mtDNA. Cechetra inconspicua sp.n. is described from Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra. In habitus, it is closest to C. lineosa and C.subangustata (Rothschild, 1920), but its COI mtDNA (COI-5P "barcode region") is very different from all other species in the genus. Cechetra subangustata continentalis ssp.n. is described from continental Indochina and Taiwan. It differs from the nominotypical subspecies in habitus. Cechetra scotti comb. nov. is transferred to Cechetra from Cechenena Rothschild Jordan, 1903.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera*
  11. Description of a new species of Enispa Walker, 1866 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Boletobiinae) from Thailand
    Pellinen MJ
    Zootaxa, 2017 May 31;4272(4):587-590.
    PMID: 28610276 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4272.4.8
    The genus Enispa Walker, 1866, type species: Enispa eosarialis Walker, 1866 [Borneo, Sarawak] (= Micraeschus Butler, 1878, type species: Hyria elataria Walker, 1861 [Sri Lanka]), contains several species, about 20 of which described and many still undescribed, some also probably misplaced. The genus occurs in Indo-Australian tropics and subtropics. Presently there are 5 species known from Borneo, with mention of several undescribed Enispa-like species (Holloway, 2009). From Thailand there are 8 species illustrated in Kononenko & Pinratana's (2013) book, 5 of which unidentified and some others, based on specimens originated from present author, which most probably are not Enispa. Nielsen & al. (1996) mentioned 7 species in Australia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera*
  12. Aquatic insect biodiversity and water quality parameters of streams in northern Thailand
    Prommi T, Payakka A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:707-717.
    Biodiversity of aquatic insect and physicochemical water quality parameters in Mae Tao and Mae Ku watersheds were
    assessed bi-monthly from February 2011 to February 2012. A total of 59 families representing 9 orders were recorded.
    At order level, Trichoptera was found at the highest frequency in total abundance (45.75%) followed by Ephemeroptera
    (18.06%), Hemiptera (13.45%), Odonata (9.62%), Diptera (8.17%), Coleoptera (4.6%), Megaloptera (0.17%),
    Lepidoptera (0.11%) and Plecoptera (0.07%). The family Hydropsychidae was the most prominent and the most abundant
    aquatic insect taxa followed by Chironomidae. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and ammonia-nitrogen were similar
    at all sampling stations. Significant variations in pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sulfate, nitrate-nitrogen
    and alkalinity were found at all sampling stations. Taxa richness and diversity index significantly correlated with dissolved
    oxygen, sulfate, nitrate-nitrogen and ammonia-nitrogen (p<0.05, p<0.01). Physicochemical data and biological data
    showed that mostly the surface water quality in Mae Tao and Mae Ku watersheds were within Type III of The Surface
    Water Standard for Agriculture and Water Quality for Protection of Aquatic Resources in Thailand.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera
  13. Perbandingan kualiti aroma antara perisa serupa gula kabung dan gula kabung tradisional
    Ho C, Wan Aida W, Maskat M, Osman H
    Sains Malaysiana, 2007;36:83-89.
    Perbandingan sebatian aroma perisa serupa gula kabung yang diperolehi melalui tindak balas Maillard dan gula kabung tradisional ditentukan menggunakan analisis kromatografi gas. Sampel disimpan selama lapan minggu pada suhu bilik. Secara keseluruhan, aroma perisa serupa gula kabung menunjukkan kepekatan sebatian impak cirian yang lebih tinggi berbanding gula kabung tradisional sepanjang lapan minggu tempoh penyimpanan. Perubahan yang signifikan (p<0.05) terhadap kepekatan sebatian aroma diperolehi pada minggu kelima penyimpanan pada kedua-dua sampel. Sebatian 2-Etil-3,5-dimetil pirazina (EDMP), 2,3-dietil-5-metil pirazina (DEMP), 5-metil-6,7-dihidro-5H-siklopentapirazina (SPP) dan furaneol merupakan sebatian impak cirian utama yang bertanggungjawab terhadap perubahan kualiti aroma dan penerimaan perisa serupa gula kabung.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera
  14. Optimization method for proteomic analysis of the larva and adult tissues of plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: plutellidae)
    Maizom Hassan, NorazilaYusoff, Wan Mohd Aizat, Idris Abd Ghani, Nurul Wahida Othman
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2975-2983.
    Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), the major insect pest of cruciferous crops worldwide shows significant
    resistance to almost all classes of insecticides. In order to effectively prevent and manage the insecticidal resistance,
    it is crucial to understand the physiological adaptation of insects against insecticides. Identification of insect protein
    that interacting with insecticides and characterization of their modification in resistant strains can be done by using
    differential proteomics approach. This study focuses on optimizing a sensitive and rapid method for the extraction of
    high quality protein of both larva and adult tissues of P. xylostella to be used in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
    Five extraction methods were evaluated for protein concentration, yields and resolving patterns of one-dimensional
    and two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results showed that trichloroacetic acid/acetone extraction methods with
    two different concentrations of 2-mercaptoethanol produced the highest protein concentration and yield for both adult
    and larva tissues, respectively. Meanwhile, trichloroacetic acid/acetone with dithiothreitol extraction method gave
    better separation of spots and intensity for both larva and adult tissues compared to other methods tested. As such, we
    concluded that trichloroacetic acid/acetone with dithiothreitol successfully yielded high total protein concentration and
    good separation of two-dimensional electrophoresis gel spots in both adult and larva P. xylostella.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera
  15. Fulltext The effectiveness of eyedrop antibiotics neomycin, gentamycin & ciprofloxacin on Acanthamoeba spp. isolates [Keberkesanan antibiotik titisan mata neomycin, gentamycin & ciprofloxacin terhadap sista acanthamoeba spp.]
    Noradilah Samseh Abdullah, Mohamed Kamel Abd Ghani, Anisah Nordin, Yusof Suboh, Noraina Ab Rahim
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2009;7(2):39-46.
    MyJurnal
    Acanthamoeba keratitis is a serious ocular problem and can cause blindness if not treated. This study was therefore performed to evaluate the effectiveness of eyedrop antibiotics on eight Acanthamoeba spp. isolates, of which four
    were clinical isolates and the remaining four from the environment. Three different eyedrop antibiotics (neomycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin) currently available in the market and ready for use were tested. Cyst suspension from all strains were tested against eyedrop antibiotics, respectively. After 48 hours of incubation period, the solutions were filtered and the filtered membranes were put onto non-nutrient agar lawn with E. coli. The plates were examined daily for Acanthamoeba trophozoites under inverted microscope until day 14. Neomycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were found
    to be effective against Acanthamoeba spp. cysts for all test strains.
    Key words: Acanthamoeba Keratitis, Eyedrop Antibiotics, Effectiveness
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera
  16. Capital- and consumption-led growth: case study on Malaysia, Singapore, Japan, and Zimbabwe
    Mohd Azlan Abdul Majid, Mariam Setapa, Noorita Mohammad
    CREAM : Current Research in Malaysia (Penyelidikan Terkini di Malaysia), 2012;1(1):151-187.
    MyJurnal
    Tujuan kertas kerja ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan, kesan ekonomi semasa dan faktor pencemaran terhadap modal, perbelanjaan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi terutamanya kepada Malaysia dan dibandingkan dengan negara seperti Jepun, Singapura dan Zimbabwe. Persoalan utama adalah sama ada modal dan perbelanjaan dapat berterusan menyumbangkan kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi ataupun tidak. Untuk mengkaji perhubungan, kami gunakan Test Unit Root (TUR); Augmented Dickey-Fuller Method (ADF), Phillip-Perron Test (PP) dan Kwiatkowski-Phillip-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS), Test Johansen Cointegration (TJC), diikuti Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) dan akhir sekali Test Granger Causality (TGC). Tujuan pengujian ini adalah untuk mengukur perhubungan, kestabilan dan kesahihan model. Kedua, untuk mengkaji kesan impak ekonomi kami gunakan Impulse Respond dan ujian Variance Decomposition yang menyelidik kesan berapa banyak dan berapa panjang model bertindakbalas kepada kesan Kegawatan Ekonomi Asia pada 1997 dan Kesan Serangan Pengganas di Amerika Syarikat pada September 2011. Ketiga kami juga megukur kesan perbelanjaan isi rumah dan kerajaan terhadap alam persekitaran. Kertas kerja ini mendapati, ia menyokong idea modal penjana pertumbuhan tetapi natijah perbelanjaan penjana pertumbuhan adalah berbeda mengikut tahap pertumbuhan. Di mana Malaysia dan Singapura menyokong sepenuhnya tetapi Jepun dan Zimbabwe hanya menyokong separa sahaja. Apabila kami mengukur impak kesan ekonomi pula, di dapati pada negara Zimbabwe tiada kesan antara krisis pada tahun 1997 ataupun pada 2001. Tetapi impak pada negara seperti Jepun, Malaysia dan Singapura pula berhadapan dalam posisi tidak baik pada krisis tahun 1997 tetapi keadaan yang baik pula pada krisis tahun 2001. Akhir sekali kami juga bangunkan theori pencemaran dimana untuk negara Zimbabwe ke semua pembolehubah seperti Perbelanjaan isi rumah (HC), Perbelanjaan Kerajaan (GC) dan Modal Tetap Kasar (GFC) tidak mempengaruhi pencemaran iaitu Karbon Dioksida (CO2). Tetapi natijah untuk negara Malaysia dan Singapura pula hanya HC mencipta CO2, tidak untuk GC dan GFC. Dan pengakhiran sekali Negara Jepun pula semua pembolehubah seperti GC,HC dan GFC mencipta pencemaran. Kesimpulannya krisis yang berlaku pada negara Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 2001 memberi kesan terus pada Negara Amerika tetapi tidak pada negara seperti Malaysia, Jepun dan Singapura, walhal negara-negara ini menadapat lambakan di dalam pasaran modal akibat perubahan ketidaktentuan dalam ekonomi Amerika seterusnya meningkatkan secara langsung Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (GDP). Walaubagaimanapun negara Zimbabwe tidak mempunyai kesan langsung sama ada sebelum atupun selepas masalah krisis ekonomi ini. Apabila kertas kerja ini mengkaji daripada sudut pembangunan lestari didapati Negara Zimbabwe seperti HC dan GC tidaklah mencemar seperti negara Malaysia dan Singapura yang menunjukkan HC punca pencemaran dan bukannya GC yang mungkin disebabkan skala ekonominya yang lebih kecil. Untuk negara Jepun pula disebabkan negara ini mempunyai skala ekonomi yang lebih besar HC dan GC adalah agen kepada pencemaran. Implikasinya model ini sepatutnya diambil kira dalam pembuat keputusan terutamanya untuk meninkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera
  17. Fulltext New to Galleria mellonella: modeling an ExPEC infection
    Nathan S
    Virulence, 2014 Apr 1;5(3):371-4.
    PMID: 24569500 DOI: 10.4161/viru.28338
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera/microbiology*
  18. Perbandingan anggaran parameter terhadap Model Kecemerlangan Prestasi Institut Pengajian Tinggi (IPT) bersandarkan nilai teras: Pendekatan penganggaran kebolehjadian maksimum (ML) dan kuasa dua terkecil separa (PLS)
    Mohd Rashid Ab Hamid, Zainol Mustafa, Nur Riza Mohd Suradi, Fazli Idris, Mokhtar Abdullah
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1159-1166.
    Pemodelan persamaan struktur (SEM) merupakan analisis statistik multivariat yang mengkaji hubungan antara konstruk mengikut teori atau kajian terdahulu melalui model hipotesis yang dibina. Kebiasaannya, kaedah penganggaran yang digunakan dalam analisis pemodelan ini adalah penganggaran kebolehjadian maksimum (ML). Kaedah penganggaran tersebut memerlukan taburan data yang bersifat kenormalan multivariat di samping memenuhi bilangan sampel yang tertentu. Oleh itu, penganggaran kuasa dua terkecil separa (PLS) amat berperanan dalam mengatasi dua kekangan berkenaan dan isu multikolineariti. Oleh itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis perbandingan keputusan pemodelan terhadap anggaran parameter dalam Model Kecemerlangan Prestasi Institusi Pengajian Tinggi (IPT) bersandarkan nilai teras bagi mendapatkan model akhir yang mematuhi kedua-dua teknik penganggaran ML dan PLS berkenaan. Model akhir merupakan model kecemerlangan yang disemak semula berdasarkan tahap kesignifikanan secara statistik dan penting secara praktikal bagi semua pekali lintasan dalam model. Kesimpulannya, kedua-dua teknik penganggaran yang digunakan saling melengkapi antara satu sama lain dan memberikan nilai tambah kepada model hipotesis yang diuji.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera
  19. Temporal distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate communities from tropical forest stream in gunung pulai recreational forest, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia
    Salmiati, Nor Zaiha A., Mohd Ismid M.S.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1223-1228.
    Temporal changes of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) communities were investigated at the study area of Gunung Pulai Recreational Forest, Johor, Malaysia. Taxa diversity were also studied to determine the seasonality impact on certain benthic communities. Sampling of aquatic insects were carried out from November 2012 to July 2013 using rectangular dip net. As a result, more EPT were found during the dry season (1533 individuals) compared to wet season (321 individuals). Concomitantly, higher diversity was also recorded in the dry season. Among these three investigated orders, Trichoptera represented the most diverse community with three families recorded, followed by Plecoptera (2 families) and Ephemeroptera (1 family). Caddisfly family Hydropsychidae were found to be abundant in the study area. Therefore, seasonality impact on EPT assemblage at Gunung Pulai Recreational Forest is extremely evident.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera
  20. Fulltext Biotransformasi asid oleik oleh Pseudomonas sp. Strain SS22
    Zaleha Shafiei, Che Nyonya Abdul Razak, Abu Bakar Salleh, Mahiran Basri, Misri Kusnan
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2006;4(1):47-58.
    MyJurnal
    Pseudomonas sp. strain SS22 telah dipencilkan daripada kolam oksidasi kilang minyak kelapa sawit di Malaysia. Dalam kajian ini, keupayaaan bakteria ini mentransformasikan asid oleik kepada produk baru telah dikaji. Produk biotransformasi dianalisis dengan kromatografi lapisan nipis (KLN), kromatografi gas (KG), spektroskopi inframerah gandingan fourier (SIGF) dan kromatografi gas-spektrometri jisim (KG-s.1). Analisis KLN menunjukkan bahawa hanya satu produk baru terbentuk selepas 7 hari eraman pada suhu 37°C, goncangan pada 150 ppm. Semakin lama eraman menyebabkan pengurangan titik produk pada 14 harL Analisis KG menunjukkan bahawa 5 puncak produk baru pada masa penahanan 13.1(*A), 15.0 (*C), 15.3 (*D), 16.8 (*E) dan 18.4 (*F) minit telah terbentuk selepas 7 hari eraman. Spektrum inframerah (Im) bagi produk yang terbentuk daripada asid oleik selepas 7 hari, menunjukkan kewujudan regangan OH/NH pada 3417 cm-'. Serapan pada 2673 cm-', kemungkinan regangan CH bersama-sama dengan kumpulan karbonil. Serapan pada 1712 cm-' adalah konstan dengan regangan c=o daripada keton atau asid karboksilik. Regangan CH pada 2932, 2854, 1462 dan 1379 cm-1 merupakan kumpulan alkil, menandakan produk hidrokarbon juga wujud dalam produk campuran. Kehadiran CH/C-C pada serapan 969 dan 725 cm-', menandakan kewujudan alkena trans (C=C). Analisis KG-SJ mengesahkan bahawa produk tersebut merupakan campuran asid 9(E)- heksadekenoik, asid kaprilik, asid miristik dan hidrokarbon. Walaupun produk yang terbentuk bercampur, asid 9(E)-heksadekenoik boleh digunakan sebagai komponen membran lipidnya. Penghasilan produk tersebut boleh dipertingkatkan dengan mengoptimumkan keadaan pertumbuhan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lepidoptera
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