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  1. Fulltext 'Houdini's Pituitary:' A Case Report of Regression of Pituitary Mass to Empty Sella in a 58-Year-Old Man with Autoimmune Hypophysitis
    Ooi CP, Kamarruddin NA, Mustafa N, Kew TY
    J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc, 2018;33(1):69-73.
    PMID: 33442114 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.033.01.12
    A 58-year-old male presented with persistent severe headache, lethargy, decline libido and no neurological deficits. Besides quadruple anterior pituitary hormonal deficiencies, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an enlarged ring-enhanced non-homogenous pituitary. Following hormonal replacement, these symptoms improved but empty sella evolved. The challenges of diagnosis and management were discussed. Awareness of the unclear etiology and uncertain clinical course of autoimmune hypophysitis in a man in this age group is essential for prompt and appropriate management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido
  2. Fulltext A comparison of sexual desire in opiate-dependent men receiving methadone and buprenorphine maintenance treatment
    Yee A, Loh HS, Loh HH, Riahi S, Ng CG, Sulaiman AHB
    Ann Gen Psychiatry, 2019;18:25.
    PMID: 31649742 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-019-0249-z
    Background: Methadone is an effective therapy for opiate dependence. However, one of the commonest side effects is sexual dysfunction among male patients. Buprenorphine is an alternative to methadone. This study aimed to compare sexual desire among opiate-dependent male patients on buprenorphine (BMT) and methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).

    Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 126 male opiate-dependent patient who were tested for total testosterone (TT) and prolactin levels, and were interviewed and completed the Sexual Desire Inventory-2 (SDI-2), Malay language of International Index of Erectile Function (Mal-IIEF-15) and the Malay version of the self-rated Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-BM) questionnaires.

    Results: There were 95 (75.4%) patients on MMT and 31 (24.6%) on BMT. Patients on MMT scored significantly lower in the sexual desire domain (Mal-IIEF-15 scores) (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Libido
  3. A holistic (Horney) approach to the psychoses: the schizophrenias. I. Sociocultural, developmental and psychogenetic factors
    Rubins JL
    Am J Psychoanal, 1969;29(2):131-46.
    PMID: 4900056
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido
  4. Fulltext Aphrodisiac potential of Lunasia amara on diabetic-induced male rats. [Potensi afrodisiak Lunasia amara ke atas tikus jantan teraruh diabetes]
    Nor-raidah Rahmat, Amira Kamalrudin, Shazrul Fazry, Mahanem Mat Noor
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1109-1115.
    Diabetes melitus telah terbukti mengganggu penghasilan testosteron dan menyebabkan masalah libido dalam kalangan
    lelaki. Sehingga kini, tiada kajian mengenai potensi Lunasia amara dalam membaiki aktiviti seksual tikus jantan teraruh
    diabetes. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti potensi afrodisiak L. amara ke atas tikus jantan teraruh
    diabetes. Empat kumpulan tikus teraruh diabetes masing-masing diberi perlakuan ekstrak L. amara (250 dan 500 mg/
    kg berat tubuh), 500 mg/kg metformin dan air suling. Tikus kumpulan kawalan normal tanpa aruhan diabetes menerima
    perlakuan air suling. Perlakuan diberikan secara suap paksa selama 30 hari untuk melihat kesan L. amara ke atas status
    libido, aras testosteron serum, berat tubuh tikus, morfometri testis dan epididimis kauda serta aktiviti enzim antioksida
    testis tikus teraruh diabetes berbanding kawalan. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan berlaku penurunan libido, aras
    testosteron dan aktiviti khusus enzim antioksida (glutation peroksidase, katalase dan superoksida dismutase) testis tikus
    teraruh diabetes secara signifikan (p<0.05) pada kedua-dua dos tersebut berbanding kawalan normal. Sementara itu,
    perlakuan L. amara didapati tidak menjejaskan morfometri testis, epididimis kauda dan berat tubuh tikus yang menerima
    perlakuan L. amara berbanding kawalan normal. Kajian ini membuktikan bahawa ekstrak akuas batang L. amara pada
    dos 250 dan 500 mg/kg berat tubuh tidak berupaya memperbaiki aktiviti seksual tikus jantan teraruh diabetes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido
  5. Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on libido in middle-aged male rats
    Ang HH, Lee KL
    J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol, 2002;13(3):249-54.
    PMID: 12670032 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2002.13.3.249
    The effect of increasing doses of various fractions of Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts on libido was examined in middle-aged male rats. The results showed that a high dose (800 mg/kg) of all E. longifolia Jack extracts significantly increased mount frequency (MF) (P < 0.05) over that of untreated controls, but had no effect on the frequency of intromission or ejaculation. Methanol, chloroform, water, and butanol fractions exhibited MF of 2.5 +/- 0.1, 2.6 +/- 0.3, 2.5 +/- 0.1 and 2.6 +/- 0.2, respectively, in adult, middle-aged male rats, and retired breeders versus 2.3 +/- 0.1 in untreated controls. This translated to a minor increase in MF of 8.7%, 13.0%, 8.7%, and 13.0% for these fractions, respectively, during the 20-minute observation period. The results of this study show that E. longifolia Jack extracts can increase libido in middle-aged male rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido/drug effects*
  6. Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) therapy on the female sexual response cycle of women with major depression
    Hatta S, Duni A, Ng CG, Lin N, Marhani M, Das S, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2013;164(1):11-5.
    PMID: 23455735 DOI: 10.7417/T.2013.1503
    Depression and its treatment may influence all aspects of the female sexual function from desire to sexual satisfaction. This study aimed to examine the components of the female sexual response cycle (SRC) of women with major depression treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido/drug effects*
  7. Fulltext Eurycoma longifolia Jack enhances libido in sexually experienced male rats
    Ang HH, Sim MK
    Exp Anim, 1997 Oct;46(4):287-90.
    PMID: 9353636 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.46.287
    The effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack were studied on the libido of sexually experienced male rats after dosing them with 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight twice daily of different fractions of E. longifolia Jack for 10 days. Results showed that E. longifolia Jack produced a dose-dependent increase in mounting frequency of the treated animals with 400 mg/kg of chloroform, methanol, water and butanol fractions resulting in mounting frequencies of 5.3 +/- 1.2, 4.9 +/- 0.7, 4.8 +/- 0.7 and 5.2 +/- 0.1, and 800 mg/kg further increased them to 5.4 +/- 0.8, 5.4 +/- 0.8, 5.2 +/- 0.6 and 5.3 +/- 0.2 respectively but there were no erections, intromissions, ejaculations or seminal emissions during the 20-min observation period which allowed for the measurement of sexual arousal reflected by mounting frequency uninfluenced by other behavioural components. This study provides evidence that E. longifolia Jack is a potent stimulator of sexual arousal in sexually vigorous male rats in the absence of feedback from genital sensation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido*
  8. Fulltext Evaluation of drug interaction potential of Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah) and its constituents
    Manda VK, Dale OR, Awortwe C, Ali Z, Khan IA, Walker LA, et al.
    Front Pharmacol, 2014;5:178.
    PMID: 25152732 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00178
    Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah) is a popular herb in Malaysia that has been traditionally used in a number of women's health applications such as to improve libido, relieve postmenopausal symptoms, and to facilitate or hasten delivery in childbirth. In addition, the constituents of this plant have been reported to possess anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Clinical studies have indicated that cytochrome P450s (CYPs), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and Pregnane X receptor (PXR) are the three main modulators of drug-drug interactions which alter the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of drugs. Given the widespread use of Kacip Fatimah in dietary supplements, the current study focuses on determining the potential of its constituents to affect the activities of CYPs, P-gp, or PXR using in vitro assays which may provide useful information toward the risk of herb-drug interaction with concomitantly used drugs. Six compounds isolated from the roots of L. pumila (2 saponins and 4 alkyl phenols) were tested, in addition to the methanolic extract. The extract of L. pumila showed a significant time dependent inhibition (TDI) of CYP3A4, reversible inhibition of CYP2C9 and 2C19 and a weak inhibition of 1A2 and 2D6 as well as an inhibition of P-gp and rifampicin-induced PXR activation. The alkyl phenols inhibited CYP3A4 (TDI), CYP2C9, and 2C19 (reversible) while saponins inhibited P-gp and PXR. In conclusion, L. pumila and its constituents showed significant modulation of all three regulatory proteins (CYPs, P-gp, and PXR) suggesting a potential to alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of conventional drugs if used concomitantly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido
  9. Extraction and microencapsulation of khat: effects on sexual motivation and estradiol level in female rats
    Aziz HA, Peh KK, Tan YT
    J Sex Med, 2009 Mar;6(3):682-95.
    PMID: 19143913 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01157.x
    Khat (Catha edulis) is an evergreen tree/shrub that is thought to affect sexual motivation or libido. Its positive effect on sexual desire is more frequently observed in females than in males and occurs when khat is chewed. Thus, khat's effects on sexual behavior may depend on the release mode of its active constituent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido*
  10. Gynura procumbens leaf improves blood glucose level, restores fertility and libido of diabetic-induced male rats
    Khaidatul Akmar Kamaruzaman, Mahanem Mat Noor
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1471-1477.
    Gynura procumbens (GP) has been widely used in traditional medicine due to its ability in treating various types
    of diseases. This study was carried out to determine the effects of GP on blood glucose level, fertility and libido of
    streptozotocin-induced male rats. A total of 42 male rats were randomly sorted into six groups; normal, negative and
    positive controls and three treated groups with different dosages of GP aqueous extract (GPAE); 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg.
    Each group was treated via oral feeding for 14 consecutive days. The rats were sacrificed on day 15 for further analysis.
    Administration of GPAE significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and increased the plasma testosterone
    level of diabetic-induced rats compared to the positive and negative control groups. There was also a significant increase
    in the sperm quality as well as the fertility of GPAE treated groups compared to the negative and positive control groups.
    Sexual behaviour analysis demonstrated that GPAE is able to facilitate the expression of sexual behaviour significantly;
    increased mounting frequency and reduced mounting latency. These lines of evidence suggested that GPAE can act as
    antihyperglycaemic, profertility and libido agents. However, its mechanism(s) remains unresolved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido
  11. Hypersexuality As a Neuropsychiatric Disorder: The Neurobiology and Treatment Options
    Asiff M, Sidi H, Masiran R, Kumar J, Das S, Hatta NH, et al.
    Curr Drug Targets, 2018;19(12):1391-1401.
    PMID: 28325146 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170321144931
    Hypersexuality refers to abnormally increased or extreme involvement in any sexual activity. It is clinically challenging, presents trans-diagnostically and there is extensive medical literature addressing the nosology, pathogenesis and neuropsychiatric aspects in this clinical syndrome. Classification includes deviant behaviours, diagnosable entities related to impulsivity, and obsessional phenomena. Some clinicians view an increase in sexual desire as 'normal' i.e. psychodynamic theorists consider it as egodefensive at times alleviating unconscious anxiety rooted in intrapsychic conflicts. We highlight hypersexuality as multi-dimensional involving an increase in sexual activity that is associated with distress and functional impairment. The aetiology of hypersexuality is multi-factorial with differential diagnoses that include major psychiatric disorders (e.g. bipolar disorder), adverse effects of treatments (e.g. levodopatreatment), substance-induced disorders (e.g. amphetamine substance use), neuropathological disorders (e.g. frontal lobe syndrome), among others. Numerous neurotransmitters are implicated in its pathogenesis, with dopamine and noradrenaline playing a crucial role in the neural reward pathways and emotionally- regulated limbic system neural circuits. The management of hypersexuality is determined by the principle of de causa effectu evanescent, if the causes are treated, the effect may disappear. We aim to review the role of pharmacological agents causing hypersexuality and centrally acting agents treating the associated underlying medical conditions. Bio-psycho-social determinants are pivotal in embracing the understanding and guiding management of this complex and multi-determined clinical syndrome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido
  12. Fulltext Intellectual disability complicated by sexual addiction: an uncommon presentation of a common condition
    Pang NT, Masiran R
    BMJ Case Rep, 2017 Mar 08;2017.
    PMID: 28275020 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218738
    A young man presented with high libido for 3 years, associated with preoccupation with sexual thoughts combined with his pursuit of pornographic materials. He had strong psychological cravings for and had spent large amount of money on sex, resulting in a dispute with his family. There were no mood or psychotic symptoms. Medical history revealed recent diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis. Cognitive assessment showed subtle deficiencies in reasoning and executive functions. There was occasional use of alcohol. Sexual addiction with comorbid mild intellectual disability was diagnosed, and pharmacological as well as psychological management were started.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido
  13. Is increased libido an atypical symptom of bipolar depression? An interesting case
    Mahadevan R, Nik Jaafar NR, Sidi H, Midin M, Das S
    J Sex Med, 2013 Mar;10(3):883-6.
    PMID: 23036068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02949.x
    Decreased libido is recognized as one of the vegetative symptoms of depression. Increased libido has not been acknowledged as one of its symptoms, neither has it been reported, particularly in depressed bipolar patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido*
  14. Fulltext Libido, sexuality and the levonorgestrel IUS in Malaysia
    Wong CY
    J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care, 2001 Jan;27(1):56.
    PMID: 12457552 DOI: 10.1783/147118901101194976
    Hysterectomy and tubal sterilisation are two commonly performed gynaecological procedures in Malaysia. Little has been published about the psychological impact on sexuality of such operations in the Far East. Many Malaysian patients believe that surgery to the pelvic organs may be detrimental to the sexual health and needs of women. There is a widespread belief that the uterus is essential for the libido and sexual wellbeing of women. It is also believed that tubal sterilisation may result in the loss of libido and thus of sexual desire for her husband. Despite counselling to dispel these misconceptions, patients frequently refuse surgical management for fear of losing their libido and sexuality. Inability to satisfy and consummate marriage is a valid reason for the partner to find another wife (Muslims in Malaysia are legally allowed to have four wives). This fear of ultimately losing the husband to another woman due to lack of libido and loss of sexuality often causes women to refuse appropriate surgery. The recent availability of the levonorgestrel intra-uterine system (IUS) in Malaysia provides a suitable medical alternative to surgery in managing some of these patients. There is good evidence to suggest the effectiveness of the levonorgestrel IUS in the treatment of menorrhagia. The use of the levonorgestrel IUS in women whose cultural beliefs/misconceptions are not amenable to counselling, may help in the psychological preservation of their libido and sexuality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido
  15. Phases of female sexual response cycle among Malaysian women with infertility: a factor analysis study
    Seen Heng Y, Sidi H, Nik Jaafar NR, Razali R, Ram H
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2013 Apr;5 Suppl 1:50-4.
    PMID: 23857837 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12044
    This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the construct of the phases of the female sexual response cycle (SRC) among women attending an infertility clinic in a Malaysian tertiary center.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido
  16. Psychological aspects of vasectomy in Malaysia
    Wolfers H, Subbiah N, Ariffin Bin Mazurka
    Soc Biol, 1973 Sep;20(3):315-22.
    PMID: 4763761
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido*
  17. Fulltext Randomized Clinical Trial on the Use of PHYSTA Freeze-Dried Water Extract of Eurycoma longifolia for the Improvement of Quality of Life and Sexual Well-Being in Men
    Ismail SB, Wan Mohammad WM, George A, Nik Hussain NH, Musthapa Kamal ZM, Liske E
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:429268.
    PMID: 23243445 DOI: 10.1155/2012/429268
    Eurycoma longifolia is reputed as an aphrodisiac and remedy for decreased male libido. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel group study was carried out to investigate the clinical evidence of E. longifolia in men. The 12-week study in 109 men between 30 and 55 years of age consisted of either treatment of 300 mg of water extract of E. longifolia (Physta) or placebo. Primary endpoints were the Quality of Life investigated by SF-36 questionnaire and Sexual Well-Being investigated by International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Sexual Health Questionnaires (SHQ); Seminal Fluid Analysis (SFA), fat mass and safety profiles. Repeated measures ANOVA analysis was used to compare changes in the endpoints. The E. longifolia (EL) group significantly improved in the domain Physical Functioning of SF-36, from baseline to week 12 compared to placebo (P = 0.006) and in between group at week 12 (P = 0.028). The EL group showed higher scores in the overall Erectile Function domain in IIEF (P < 0.001), sexual libido (14% by week 12), SFA- with sperm motility at 44.4%, and semen volume at 18.2% at the end of treatment. Subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) significantly improved in fat mass lost (P = 0.008). All safety parameters were comparable to placebo.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido
  18. Remitted male schizophrenia patients with sexual dysfunction
    Kheng Yee O, Muhd Ramli ER, Che Ismail H
    J Sex Med, 2014 Apr;11(4):956-965.
    PMID: 23845160 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12246
    INTRODUCTION: Despite the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction among male schizophrenia patients, there is still a paucity of research on this area.
    AIMS: The study aims to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and any association between male patients with schizophrenia in remission and the sociodemographic profile, medication, depression, anxiety, psychopathology of illness, body mass index, and waist circumference.
    METHODS: A cross-sectional study with nonprobability sampling method was conducted in a psychiatric outpatient clinic in Taiping Hospital (Perak, Malaysia) over a 7-month period. A total of 111 remitted male schizophrenia patients were recruited. The validated Malay version of the International Index of Erectile Function (Mal-IIEF-15) was administered to the patients and assessed over 4-week duration in the domains of erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction. Logistic regression analysis was employed.
    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence and associated factors for sexual dysfunction in each domain are the main outcome measures.
    RESULTS: All five domains of sexual functioning in patients showed a high prevalence of dysfunction ranging from 78.4% to 97.1% with orgasmic dysfunction being the least impaired and intercourse satisfaction the worst impaired. Among the domains, only orgasmic dysfunction was significantly associated with race, i.e., Chinese at lower risk for impairment than the Malays (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.76; P = 0.018); education, i.e., patients with education higher than primary level were at higher risk for dysfunction (OR = 6.49; 95% CI: 1.32, 32.05; P = 0.022); and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)-positive subscale, i.e., higher PANSS-positive score was a protective factor for orgasmic dysfunction (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.89; P = 0.015).
    CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was generally high. Malay patients and those with education higher than primary level were at higher risk for orgasmic dysfunction whereas higher PANSS-positive score was protective against the impairment. The high rate of sexual dysfunction in schizophrenia patients warrants a routine inquiry into patients' sexuality and the appropriate problems being addressed.
    Study site: Psychiatric clinic, Hospital Taiping, Perak, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido/physiology
  19. Fulltext Serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram inhibits GnRH synthesis and spermatogenesis in the male zebrafish
    Prasad P, Ogawa S, Parhar IS
    Biol Reprod, 2015 Oct;93(4):102.
    PMID: 26157069 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.129965
    Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used antidepressants for the treatment of depression. However, SSRIs cause sexual side effects such as anorgasmia, erectile dysfunction, and diminished libido that are thought to be mediated through the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system. In vertebrates, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons play an important role in the control of reproduction. To elucidate the neuroendocrine mechanisms of SSRI-induced reproductive failure, we examined the neuronal association between 5-HT and GnRH (GnRH2 and GnRH3) systems in the male zebrafish. Double-label immunofluorescence and confocal laser microscopy followed by three-dimensional construction analysis showed close associations between 5-HT fibers with GnRH3 fibers and preoptic-GnRH3 cell bodies, but there was no association with GnRH2 cell bodies and fibers. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that short-term treatment (2 wk) with low to medium doses (4 and 40 μg/L, respectively) of citalopram significantly decreased mRNA levels of gnrh3, gonadotropins (lhb and fshb) and 5-HT-related genes (tph2 and sert) in the male zebrafish. In addition, short-term citalopram treatment significantly decreased the fluorescence density of 5-HT and GnRH3 fibers compared with controls. Short-term treatment with low, medium, and high (100 μg/L) citalopram doses had no effects on the profiles of different stages of spermatogenesis, while long-term (1 mo) citalopram treatment with medium and high doses significantly inhibited the different stages of spermatogenesis. These results show morphological and functional associations between the 5-HT and the hypophysiotropic GnHR3 system, which involve SSRI-induced reproductive failures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido
  20. Fulltext Sexual Desire in Opiate-Dependent Men Receiving Methadone-Assisted Treatment
    Yee A, Loh HS, Ng CG, Sulaiman AH
    Am J Mens Health, 2018 07;12(4):1016-1022.
    PMID: 29493379 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318759197
    Low sexual desire (SD) is not life threatening, but its negative impact on the quality of life and intimacy of a relationship among the patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is significant. This cross-sectional study involved 183 men on MMT who were interviewed and who completed the Malay version of the SDI-2 (SDI-2-BM), the Malay version of the self-rated Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-BM) and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires. Findings showed 32.8% ( n = 60) participants had low SD. Those who were older, had sexual partners, and were smokers achieved lower scores in both dyadic SD (≤24) and solitary SD (≤6), and suffered lower quality of life in their social relationship. MMT is very cost-effective in rehabilitating opioid dependence; however, as clinicians, we need to address and manage the issues of low SD and depression among patients on MMT, especially the older men.
    Matched MeSH terms: Libido/drug effects*
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