MyMedR

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 1365 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Evaluation of Herb-Drug Interaction of Synacinn™ and Individual Biomarker through Cytochrome 450 Inhibition Assay

Ab Rahman NS, Abd Majid FA, Abd Wahid ME, Zainudin AN, Zainol SN, Ismail HF, et al.

Drug Metab Lett, 2018;12(1):62-67.
PMID: 29542427 DOI: 10.2174/1872312812666180314112457

BACKGROUND: SynacinnTM contains five standardized herbal extracts of Orthosiphon Stamineus (OS), Syzygium polyanthum (SZ), Curcuma xantorrizza (CX), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ) and Andrographis paniculata (AP) and is standardized against phytochemical markers of rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, curcumin, catechin and andrographolide respectively. This herbal medicine has been used as health supplement for diabetes. SynacinnTM is recommended to be consumed as supplement to the diabetic drugs. However, herb-drug interaction of SynacinnTM polyherbal with present drugs is unknown.
METHODS: This study was designed to investigate the effect of SynacinnTM and its individual biomarkers on drug metabolizing enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4 (Midazolam), CYP3A4 (Testosteron)), to assess its herb-drug interaction potential through cytochrome P450 inhibition assay. This study was conducted using liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) using probe substrates using human liver microsomes against CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4 (Midazolam) and CYP3A4 (Testosteron).
RESULTS: Result showed that SynacinnTM at maximum concentration (5000 µg/ml) 100% inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4 (Midazolam) and CYP3A4 (Testosteron). IC50 values determined were 0.23, 0.60, 0.47, 0.78, 1.23, 0.99, 1.01, and 0.91 mg/ml for CYP 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4 (midazolam) and 3A4 (testosterone), respectively. Meanwhile, all individual biomarkers showed no, less or moderate inhibitory effect towards all the tested CYP450 except for curcumin that showed inhibition of CYP2C8 (91%), CYP2C9 (81%) and CYP2C19 (72%) at 10µM.
CONCLUSION: Curcumin was found to be an active constituent that might contribute to the inhibition of SynacinnTM against CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. It can be suggested that SynacinnTM can be consumed separately from a drug known to be metabolized by all tested CYP450 enzymes.

Matched MeSH terms: Microsomes, Liver
Pathological vicissitudes and oxidative stress enzyme responses in mice experimentally infected with reptarenavirus (isolate UPM/MY01)

Abba Y, Hassim H, Hamzah H, Ibrahim OE, Mohd Lila MA, Noordin MM

Microb Pathog, 2017 Mar;104:17-27.
PMID: 28062291 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.003

Boid inclusion body disease (BIBD) is a viral disease of boid snakes believed to be caused by reptarenavirus belonging to the family Arenaviridae. Unlike most mammalian arenaviruses, the reservoir host for reptarenavirus is still unknown. In this study, the pathological responses were evaluated in a mouse model for a period of 28 days. Blood and tissue samples (lung, liver, spleen, heart, kidney and brain) were collected for evaluation of hematology, biochemistry, histopathology and oxidative enzyme levels at six time points (1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days), after viral infection (2.0 × 10(6) pfu/mL) in the infected and normal saline in the control groups. An initial increase (p liver, kidney, spleen, brain and lungs were mainly associated with degeneration, necrosis and infiltration of lymphocytes. Viral counts were low on days 7 and 14 but surged in both the liver and spleen on day 21 and 28. This study has shown that reptarenavirus replicates in mammalian host and induces oxidative stress. Furthermore, the resultant hematobiochemical and histopathological changes observed in infected mice were similar to what has been reported in mammarenavirus infections. This suggests that rodents may serve as potential reservoir hosts for reptarenavirus.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver/pathology; Liver/virology
Fulltext The role of natural antioxidants in cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity

Abd Rashid N, Abd Halim SAS, Teoh SL, Budin SB, Hussan F, Adib Ridzuan NR, et al.

Biomed Pharmacother, 2021 Dec;144:112328.
PMID: 34653753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112328

Cisplatin is a potent platinum-based anticancer drug approved by the Food Drug Administration (FDA) in 1978. Despite its advantages against solid tumors, cisplatin confers toxicity to various tissues that limit its clinical uses. In cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity, few mechanisms have been identified, which started as excess generation of reactive oxygen species that leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis in the liver. Various natural products, plant extracts and oil rich in flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, and phenolic acids were able to minimize oxidative stress by restoring the level of antioxidant enzymes and acting as an anti-inflammatory agent. Likewise, treatment with honey and royal jelly was demonstrated to decrease serum transaminases and scavenge free radicals in the liver after cisplatin administration. Medicinal properties of these natural products have a promising potential as a complementary therapy to counteract cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. This review concentrated on the protective role of several natural products, which has been proven in the laboratory findings to combat cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver/drug effects*; Liver/metabolism; Liver/pathology; Drug-Induced Liver Injury/etiology; Drug-Induced Liver Injury/metabolism; Drug-Induced Liver Injury/pathology; Drug-Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control*
Fulltext Ficus deltoidea extract down-regulates protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B expression in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a new insight into its antidiabetic mechanism

Abdel-Rahman RF, Ezzat SM, Ogaly HA, Abd-Elsalam RM, Hessin AF, Fekry MI, et al.

J Nutr Sci, 2020 01 20;9:e2.
PMID: 32042410 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.40

Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea Jack (FD) is a well-known plant used in Malay folklore medicine to lower blood glucose in diabetic patients. For further research of the antihyperglycemic mechanisms, the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)-inhibitory effect of FD was analysed both in vitro and in vivo. To optimise a method for FD extraction, water, 50, 70, 80, 90 and 95 % ethanol extracts were prepared and determined for their total phenolic and triterpene contents, and PTP1B-inhibition capacity. Among the tested extracts, 70 % ethanol FD extract showed a significant PTP1B inhibition (92·0 % inhibition at 200 µg/ml) and high phenolic and triterpene contents. A bioassay-guided fractionation of the 70 % ethanol extract led to the isolation of a new triterpene (3β,11β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-23-oic acid; F3) along with six known compounds. In vivo, 4 weeks' administration of 70 % ethanol FD extract (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/d) to streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats reversed the abnormal changes of blood glucose, insulin, total Hb, GLUT2, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in liver and pancreas. Moreover, FD reduced the mRNA expression of the key gluconeogenic enzymes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6-phosphatase) and restored insulin receptor and GLUT2 encoding gene (Slc2a2) expression. In addition, FD significantly down-regulated the hepatic PTP1B gene expression. These results revealed that FD could potentially improve insulin sensitivity, suppress hepatic glucose output and enhance glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes mellitus through down-regulation of PTP1B. Together, our findings give scientific evidence for the traditional use of FD as an antidiabetic agent.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver/metabolism
Fulltext Preparation, antioxidant potential and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of gum arabic-stabilised magnesium orotate nanoparticles

Abdelkader Hassani, Siti Aslina Hussain?, Abdullah, N., Suryani Kamarudin, Rozita Rosli

International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(1):150-159.
MyJurnal

The present work investigated the antioxidant properties and antihypertensive activity of
magnesium orotate (MgOr) using various established in vitro assays, such as β-carotene
bleaching activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and nitric oxide scavenging activity as well as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Magnesium orotate
nanoparticles (MgOrGANPs) were prepared using the gum arabic (GA) as stabiliser coatings
for nanoparticles through freeze-drying method. The in vitro cytoxicity of MgOrGANPs
against human breast cancer MCF7, liver cancer HepG2, and colon cancer HT29 was investigated. The nitric oxide (NO) and DPPH scavenging assays of MgOrGANPs showed a
dose-dependent trend, while 500 and 200 µL/mL were significantly more effective than the
other concentrations with an IC50 of 89.56 µg/mL and 63.22% DPPH scavenging capacity
respectively. The exposure of human cancer cells to MgOrGANPs at 1.56 – 1,000 µg/mL
using 3-)4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl(2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) inhibited the
growth of cell lines examined in a dose-dependent manner. Hence, MgOrGANPs may have
great potential to be applied for cancer treatments.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms
Fulltext Efficacy of geraniin on dengue virus type-2 infected BALB/c mice

Abdul Ahmad SA, Palanisamy UD, Khoo JJ, Dhanoa A, Syed Hassan S

Virol J, 2019 02 27;16(1):26.
PMID: 30813954 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1127-7

BACKGROUND: Dengue continues to be a major international public health concern. Despite that, there is no clinically approved antiviral for treatment of dengue virus (DENV) infections. In this study, geraniin extracted from the rind of Nephelium lappaceum was shown to inhibit the replication of DENV-2 in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
METHODS: The effect of geraniin on DENV-2 RNA synthesis in infected Vero cells was tested using quantitative RT-PCR. The in vivo efficacy of geraniin in inhibiting DENV-2 infection was then tested using BALB/c mice with geraniin administered at three different times. The differences in spleen to body weight ratio, DENV-2 RNA load and liver damage between the three treatment groups as compared to DENV-2 infected mice without geraniin administration were determined on day eight post-infection.
RESULTS: Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the decrease in viral RNA synthesis of infected Vero cells when treated with geraniin. Geraniin seemed to provide a protective effect on infected BALB/c mice liver when given at 24 h pre- and 24 h post-infection as liver damage was observed to be very mild even though a significant reduction of DENV-2 RNA load in serum was not observed in these two treatment groups. However, when administered at 72 h post-infection, severe liver damage in the form of necrosis and haemorrhage had prevailed despite a substantial reduction of DENV-2 RNA load in serum.
CONCLUSIONS: Geraniin was found to be effective in reducing DENV-2 RNA load when administered at 72 h post-infection while earlier administration could prevent severe liver damage caused by DENV-2 infection. These results provide evidence that geraniin is a potential candidate for the development of anti-dengue drug.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver/drug effects; Liver/pathology; Liver/virology
Diastolic dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis: A short-term, observational study at a Malaysian hospital

Abdul Aziz KA, Draman N, Wan Isa WYH, Mustaffa N

Med J Malaysia, 2020 07;75(4):396-399.
PMID: 32724001

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a recognised complication of liver cirrhosis and predicts poor outcomes. Detection of diastolic dysfunction, an early indicator of left ventricular dysfunction can help identify those patients at risk of disease progression. In our study we showed that there was a high prevalence of diastolic dysfunction amongst patients with liver cirrhosis at our outpatient clinic, with the majority being Child-Pugh A/low MELD score. Multiple regression analysis indicated that age and sodium levels were significantly associated with the presence of diastolic dysfunction. This further reinforces the importance of dietary sodium restriction amongst patients with liver cirrhosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Cirrhosis/complications*
Gastric Metastasis from Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Rare Manifestation

Abdul Hakim MS, Azmi AN, Jayalakshmi P, Mahadeva S

J Gastrointest Cancer, 2018 Sep;49(3):346-348.
PMID: 28066868 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-016-9913-6
Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/pathology*
Fulltext An epidemiological study of abdominal and pelvic injury trauma in post-mortem cases at Hospital Kuala Lumpur between the year of 2002-2003

Abdul Halim Mansar, Muhammad Aadeel T., Khairul Osman, Sharin Iskandar, A.W.

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(2):65-73.
MyJurnal

The abdominal pelvic cavity has always been regarded as one of the most vulnerable regions of the body. Injuries to this part have been known to be very serious. Based on this a retrospective study was performed on postmortem cases with abdominal and pelvic trauma from 1 October 2002 to 31 January 2003 at the Forensic Institute, Hospital Kuala Lumpur to determine the common pattern of abdomino-pelvic injuries, the injury’s relationship to epidemiological and socio-economic factors, risk organ within the abdominopelvic region and relationship between injuries and survival period. A total of 122 cases abdomino-pelvic were obtained stemming from medico legal postmortems procedures. Results indicated that those aged between 21 to 30 years (38.5%) had the highest incidence of this type of injury. Categorization based on gender showed that males (90.2%) dominated most of the cases. Prevalence based on socio-economic status showed that lower socioeconomy class (52.5%) had the highest incident. This was followed by the middle income (39.3%) and finally the higher income group. The most numerous type of trauma was non-penetrating trauma (94.3%). It was also found that victims with low injury severity score (ISS) had a longer survival period as compared to those with high ISS. It was also noted that victims with two or more region injuries either were spot dead or brought dead. The most common combination of injuries was abdomen, pelvic, chest and limb. In most blunt trauma cases majority of victims had one or two organ involvement while penetrating injuries were difficult to asses. The most common organ involved in this type of trauma was liver (72.1%), pelvic bone (47.5%) and spleen (43.4%). In conclusion, abdomino-pelvic injury is a serious condition and should not be overlooked. Proper attention towards their diagnosis and management is important and so any patient of head injury with coma must be considered as having intra-abdominal injury until proven otherwise.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver
Fulltext Gamma-tocotrienol treatment increased peroxiredoxin-4 expression in HepG2 liver cancer cell line

Abdul Rahman Sazli F, Jubri Z, Abdul Rahman M, Karsani SA, Md Top AG, Wan Ngah WZ

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2015;15:64.
PMID: 25886747 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0590-y

To determine the antiproliferative effect of gamma-tocotrienol (GTT) treatment on differential protein expression in HepG2 cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver/drug effects*; Liver/metabolism; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism*
Fulltext Sonographic measurement of the thickness of subcutaneous tissue and hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Abdul Sattar Arif Khammas, Hasyma Abu Hassan

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(1):29-38.
MyJurnal

The most common cause of the chronic liver disease is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study was designed to compare a mean subcutaneous tissue thickness (SCTT) and hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate (HEIAR) among NAFLD grades. Sonography was carried out on 628 consecutive subjects. The distance between the skin surface and the liver capsule was measured and was labelled the SCTT. Also, the ultrasound of HEIAR was retrospectively quantified on an image archiving. HEIAR was calculated as the difference between mean intensity of echo for two regions of interest (ROIs) in near- and far-fields divided by the distance between these two ROIs multiply by frequency of the probe. Of the 628, 235 subjects were diagnosed with NAFLD. The age range was 45 – 75 years with mean 54.5 ± 6.7 years. There was a significant difference of mean SCTT among NAFLD grades (p

Matched MeSH terms: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fulltext Exploring the Leaves of Annona muricata L. as a Source of Potential Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Agents

Abdul Wahab SM, Jantan I, Haque MA, Arshad L

Front Pharmacol, 2018;9:661.
PMID: 29973884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00661

The use of anti-inflammatory natural products to treat inflammatory disorders for cancer prevention and therapy is an appealing area of interest in the last decades. Annona muricata L. is one of the many plant extracts that have been explored owing to their anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Different parts of A. muricata especially the leaves have been used for various ethnomedicinal purposes by traditional healers to treat several diseases including cancer, inflammation, diabetes, liver diseases, and abscesses. Some of these experience-based claims on the use of the plant have been transformed into evidence-based information by scientific investigations. The leaves of the plant have been extensively investigated for its diverse pharmacological aspects and found eminent for anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, most studies were not on the bioactive isolates which were responsible for the activities but were based on crude extracts of the plant. In this comprehensive review, all significant findings from previous investigations till date on the leaves of A. muricata, specifically on their anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities have been compiled. The toxicology of the plant which has been shown to be due to the presence of neurotoxic annaceous acetogenins and benzyltetrahydro-isoquinoline alkaloids has also been updated to provide recent information on its safety aspects. The present knowledge of the plant has been critically assessed, aimed at providing direction toward improving its prospect as a source of potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. The analysis will provide a new path for ensuring research on this plant to discover new agents to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer. Further in vitro and in vivo studies should be carried out to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory responses in relation to anticancer activity and more detail toxicity study to ensure they are safe for human consumption. Sufficient preclinical data and safety data generated will allow clinical trials to be pursued on this plant and its bioactive compounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Diseases
Fulltext Transient abnormal myelopoiesis with life-threatening complications

Abdul-Wahab, J., Naznin, M, Norlelawati, A.T., Amir Hamzah, A.R.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2006;5(2):1-6.
MyJurnal

Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) occurs in approximately 10% of neonates with Down syndrome. In most cases it resolves spontaneously. Life threatening complications such as cardiopulmonary and liver diseases have been described. We present here two cases which suggest that management of TAM in selected cases will have to be more aggressive.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Diseases
The sub-acute toxicity of kavalactone in rats: a study of the effect of oral doses and the mechanism of toxicity in combination with ethanol

Abdulabbas Hasan M, Mohan S, Rahman HS, Othman HH, Hamasalih Omer S, Farasani A

Drug Chem Toxicol, 2023 May;46(3):588-596.
PMID: 35506235 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2069803

Kava is a herbal supplement and beverage made from the Piper methysticum plant, which is known for its recreational use as a mood enhancer, relaxation, as well as pain relief for centuries. Kava is widely used among alcoholics, but it is dangerous and potentially fatal. The objectives of this study were to examine the sub-acute toxicity effects of different doses of 70% kavalactone (KL) in rats by oral application, as well as to elucidate the mechanisms of toxicity alone and in combination with ethanol (EtOH). The most common side effects observed were abnormal breathing, ataxia, lethargy, loss of appetite, indigestion, and loss of coordination, especially in the 800 mg/kg bw, po bodyweight dosage of kava treatment group alone, and in combination with EtOH. In the sub-acute study, there were dose-related decreases in body weight, feed intake, and water consumption rates. Gross and histopathological findings revealed that the liver was abnormal in color, size, consistency, and the weight significantly increased at a dose of 800 mg/kg bw, po, with KL alone and a greater increase in combination with EtOH. Hepatocellular hypertrophy (HP) and necrosis with Kupffer cells hyperplasia were observed in the periacinar zone of all rats dosed with KL (800 mg/kg bw, po) alone, and extensive changes were observed in combination with EtOH. The periportal (Z1) and mid-zonal (Z2) areas of hepatocytes were less affected as compared to the periacinar zone. These results demonstrate that EtOH exacerbated the sedative and hypnotic activity of KL, and markedly increased toxicity. The histopathological results supported the clinical and biochemical findings and the severity of hepatic damage in a dose-dependent manner.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver*
Fulltext Andrographis paniculata leaf extract prevents thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats

Abdulaziz Bardi D, Halabi MF, Hassandarvish P, Rouhollahi E, Paydar M, Moghadamtousi SZ, et al.

PLoS One, 2014;9(10):e109424.
PMID: 25280007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109424

This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of ethanolic Andrographis paniculata leaf extract (ELAP) on thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. An acute toxicity study proved that ELAP is not toxic in rats. To examine the effects of ELAP in vivo, male Sprague Dawley rats were given intraperitoneal injections of vehicle 10% Tween-20, 5 mL/kg (normal control) or 200 mg/kg TAA thioacetamide (to induce liver cirrhosis) three times per week. Three additional groups were treated with thioacetamide plus daily oral silymarin (50 mg/kg) or ELAP (250 or 500 mg/kg). Liver injury was assessed using biochemical tests, macroscopic and microscopic tissue analysis, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, HepG2 and WRL-68 cells were treated in vitro with ELAP fractions to test cytotoxicity. Rats treated with ELAP exhibited significantly lower liver/body weight ratios and smoother, more normal liver surfaces compared with the cirrhosis group. Histopathology using Hematoxylin and Eosin along with Masson's Trichrome stain showed minimal disruption of hepatic cellular structure, minor fibrotic septa, a low degree of lymphocyte infiltration, and minimal collagen deposition after ELAP treatment. Immunohistochemistry indicated that ELAP induced down regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Also, hepatic antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress parameters in ELAP-treated rats were comparable to silymarin-treated rats. ELAP administration reduced levels of altered serum liver biomarkers. ELAP fractions were non-cytotoxic to WRL-68 cells, but possessed anti-proliferative activity on HepG2 cells, which was confirmed by a significant elevation of lactate dehydrogenase, reactive oxygen species, cell membrane permeability, cytochrome c, and caspase-8,-9, and, -3/7 activity in HepG2 cells. A reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential was also detected in ELAP-treated HepG2 cells. The hepatoprotective effect of 500 mg/kg of ELAP is proposed to result from the reduction of thioacetamide-induced toxicity, normalizing reactive oxygen species levels, inhibiting cellular proliferation, and inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Cirrhosis/chemically induced; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology; Liver Cirrhosis/prevention & control*; Liver Function Tests
Fulltext In vivo evaluation of ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizomes for its protective effect against liver cirrhosis

Abdulaziz Bardi D, Halabi MF, Abdullah NA, Rouhollahi E, Hajrezaie M, Abdulla MA

Biomed Res Int, 2013;2013:918460.
PMID: 24396831 DOI: 10.1155/2013/918460

Zingiber officinale is a traditional medicine against various disorders including liver diseases.The aim of this study was to assess the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of rhizomes of Z. officinale (ERZO) against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Five groups of male Sprague Dawley have been used. In group 1 rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of normal saline while groups 2-5 received thioacetamide (TAA, 200 mg/kg; i.p.) for induction of liver cirrhosis, thrice weekly for eight weeks. Group 3 received 50 mg/kg of silymarin. The rats in groups 4 and 5 received 250 and 500 mg/kg of ERZO (dissolved in 10% Tween), respectively. Hepatic damage was assessed grossly and microscopically for all of the groups. Results confirmed the induction of liver cirrhosis in group 2 whilst administration of silymarin or ERZO significantly reduced the impact of thioacetamide toxicity. These groups decreased fibrosis of the liver tissues. Immunohistochemistry assessment against proliferating cell nuclear antigen did not show remarkable proliferation in the ERZO-treated rats when compared with group 2. Moreover, factions of the ERZO extract were tested on Hep-G2 cells and showed antiproliferative activity (IC50 38-60 μ g/mL). This study showed hepatoprotective effect of ERZO.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/chemically induced; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/pathology; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/prevention & control*
Toxicity of cadmium and lead in Gallus gallus domesticus assessment of body weight and metal content in tissues after metal dietary supplements

Abduljaleel SA, Shuhaimi-Othman M

Pak J Biol Sci, 2013 Nov 15;16(22):1551-6.
PMID: 24511699

The influence of dietary cadmium on the accumulation and effects of dietary lead, examined in chicken. This experiment was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of dietary Cd and Pb on chick's body weight and organ, content of the tissues of these two metals was also detected. One day age chicks of Gallus gallus domesticus fed diet supplemented with 25, 50, 100 ppm of Cd, second group exposure to 300, 500, 1000 ppm of Pb in feed daily during 4 weeks. The control groups were fed without supplementation of metals. The concentrations of Cd and Pb resulted in increased of Cd and Pb content in liver, gizzard and muscle. While Cd 100 ppm and Pb 1000 ppm were increased metals content in feather. Body weight of chicks was not influenced by Cd treatment. In contrary Pb treatment was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased body weight of chicks after dietary treatment. On the other hand, Liver weigh in chicks was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after Cd and Pb treatments.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver/drug effects; Liver/metabolism
Inhibitory effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate against benzo[a] pyrene-induced rise in CYP1A1 mRNA and apoprotein levels as its chemopreventive properties

Abdull Razis AF, Konsue N, Ioannides C

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015;16(7):2679-83.
PMID: 25854346

BACKGROUND: Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), the most comprehensively studied aromatic isothiocyanate, has been shown to act as an anti-cancer agent mainly through modulation of biotransformation enzymes responsible for metabolizing carcinogens in the human body. Humans are often exposed to carcinogenic factors, some of which through the diet, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene via the consumption of over-cooked meats. Inhibition of the enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of this carcinogen, for example CYP1A1, the major enzyme required for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bioactivation, is recognized as a chemoprevention strategy.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the inhibitory effects of PEITC against benzo[a]pyrene-induced rise in rat liver CYP1A1 mRNA and apoprotein levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Precision cut rat liver slices were treated with benzo[a]pyrene at 1 and 5 μM in the presence of PEITC (1-25 μM) for 24 hours, followed by determination of CYP1A1 mRNA and apoprotein levels using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting.
RESULTS: Findings revealed that PEITC inhibited benzo[a]pyrene-induced rise in rat liver CYP1A1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner as well as the apoprotein levels of CYP1A.
CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated that PEITC can directly inhibit the bioactivation of benzo[a]pyrene, indicating chemopreventive potential.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver/enzymology
Sulforaphane is superior to glucoraphanin in modulating carcinogen-metabolising enzymes in Hep G2 cells

Abdull Razis AF, Noor NM

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(7):4235-8.
PMID: 23991982

Glucoraphanin is the main glucosinolate found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae). The objective of the study was to evaluate whether glucoraphanin and its breakdown product sulforaphane, are potent modulators of various phase I and phase II enzymes involved in carcinogen-metabolising enzyme systems in vitro. The glucosinolate glucoraphanin was isolated from cruciferous vegetables and exposed to human hepatoma cell line HepG2 at various concentrations (0-25 μM) for 24 hours. Glucoraphanin at higher concentration (25 μM) decreased dealkylation of methoxyresorufin, a marker for cytochrome P4501 activity; supplementation of the incubation medium with myrosinase (0.018 U), the enzyme that converts glucosinolate to its corresponding isothiocyanate, showed minimal induction in this enzyme activity at concentration 10 μM. Quinone reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities were unaffected by this glucosinolate; however, supplementation of the incubation medium with myrosinase elevated quinone reductase activity. It may be inferred that the breakdown product of glucoraphanin, in this case sulforaphane, is superior than its precursor in modulating carcinogen- metabolising enzyme systems in vitro and this is likely to impact on the chemopreventive activity linked to cruciferous vegetable consumption.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy; Liver Neoplasms/enzymology
Fulltext Induction of epoxide hydrolase, glucuronosyl transferase, and sulfotransferase by phenethyl isothiocyanate in male Wistar albino rats

Abdull Razis AF, Mohd Noor N, Konsue N

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:391528.
PMID: 24592387 DOI: 10.1155/2014/391528

Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is an isothiocyanate found in watercress as the glucosinolate (gluconasturtiin). The isothiocyanate is converted from the glucosinolate by intestinal microflora or when contacted with myrosinase during the chopping and mastication of the vegetable. PEITC manifested protection against chemically-induced cancers in various tissues. A potential mechanism of chemoprevention is by modulating the metabolism of carcinogens so as to promote deactivation. The principal objective of this study was to investigate in rats the effect of PEITC on carcinogen-metabolising enzyme systems such as sulfotransferase (SULT), N-acetyltransferase (NAT), glucuronosyl transferase (UDP), and epoxide hydrolase (EH) following exposure to low doses that simulate human dietary intake. Rats were fed for 2 weeks diets supplemented with PEITC at 0.06 µmol/g (low dose, i.e., dietary intake), 0.6 µmol/g (medium dose), and 6.0 µmol/g (high dose), and the enzymes were monitored in rat liver. At the Low dose, no induction of the SULT, NAT, and EH was noted, whereas UDP level was elevated. At the Medium dose, only SULT level was increased, whereas at the High dose marked increase in EH level was observed. It is concluded that PEITC modulates carcinogen-metabolising enzyme systems at doses reflecting human intake thus elucidating the mechanism of its chemoprevention.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver/drug effects; Liver/enzymology

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links