Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 311 in total

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  1. The importance, benefits, and future of nanobiosensors for infectious diseases
    Dhahi TS, Dafhalla AKY, Saad SA, Zayan DMI, Ahmed AET, Elobaid ME, et al.
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2024 Apr;71(2):429-445.
    PMID: 38238920 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2550
    Infectious diseases, caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, are crucial for efficient disease management, reducing morbidity and mortality rates and controlling disease spread. Traditional laboratory-based diagnostic methods face challenges such as high costs, time consumption, and a lack of trained personnel in resource-poor settings. Diagnostic biosensors have gained momentum as a potential solution, offering advantages such as low cost, high sensitivity, ease of use, and portability. Nanobiosensors are a promising tool for detecting and diagnosing infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis. These sensors use nanostructured carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanoparticles to detect specific biomarkers or pathogens. They operate through mechanisms like the lateral flow test platform, where a sample containing the biomarker or pathogen is applied to a test strip. If present, the sample binds to specific recognition probes on the strip, indicating a positive result. This binding event is visualized through a colored line. This review discusses the importance, benefits, and potential of nanobiosensors in detecting infectious diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  2. Carbon-based adsorbents for the mitigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: a review of recent research
    Shyamalagowri S, Bhavithra HA, Akila N, Jeyaraj SSG, Aravind J, Kamaraj M, et al.
    Environ Geochem Health, 2024 Mar 07;46(3):108.
    PMID: 38453774 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01915-6
    Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) poses significant dangers to the environment and human health. The advancement of technology for cleaning up PAH-contaminated environments is receiving more attention. Adsorption is the preferred and most favorable approach for cleaning up sediments polluted with PAH. Due to their affordability and environmental friendliness, carbonaceous adsorbents (CAs) have been regarded as promising for adsorbing PAH. However, adsorbent qualities, environmental features, and factors may all significantly impact how well CAs remove PAH. According to growing data, CAs, most of which come from laboratory tests, may be utilized to decontaminate PAH in aquatic setups. However, their full potential has not yet been established, especially concerning field applications. This review aims to concisely summarize recent developments in CA, PAH stabilization processes, and essential field application-controlling variables. This review analysis emphasizes activated carbon, biochar, Graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon-nanomaterials composite since these CAs are most often utilized as adsorbents for PAH in aquatic systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  3. Self-assembling amyloid-like nanostructures from SARS-CoV-2 S1, S2, RBD and N recombinant proteins
    Morozova OV, Manuvera VA, Barinov NA, Subcheva EN, Laktyushkin VS, Ivanov DA, et al.
    Arch Biochem Biophys, 2024 Feb;752:109843.
    PMID: 38072298 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109843
    Self-assembling nanoparticles (saNP) and nanofibers were found in the recombinant coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 S1, S2, RBD and N proteins purified by affinity chromatography using Ni Sepharose. Scanning electron (SEM), atomic force (AFM) microscopy on mica or graphite surface and in liquid as well as dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed nanostructures of various sizes. AFM in liquid cell without drying on the surface showed mean height of S1 saNP 80.03 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) 0.006; for S2 saNP mean height 93.32 nm, PDI = 0.008; for N saNP mean height 16.71 nm, PDI = 0.99; for RBD saNP mean height 16.25 nm, PDI = 0.55. Ratios between the height and radius of each saNP in the range 0.1-0.5 suggested solid protein NP but not vesicles with internal empty spaces. The solid but not empty structures of the protein saNP were also confirmed by STEM after treatment of saNP with the standard contrasting agent uranyl acetate. The saNP remained stable after multiple freeze-thaw cycles in water and hyperosmotic solutions for 2 years at -20 °C. Receptor-mediated penetration of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 and RBD saNP in the African green mokey kidney Vero cells with the specific receptors for β-coronavirus reproduction was more efficient compared to unspecific endocytosis into MDCK cells without the specific receptors. Amyloid-like structures were revealed in the SARS-CoV-2 S1, S2, RBD and N saNP by means of their interaction with Thioflavin T and Congo Red dyes. Taken together, spontaneous formation of the amyloid-like self-assembling nanostructures due to the internal affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 virion proteins might induce proteinopathy in patients, including conformational neurodegenerative diseases, change stability of vaccines and diagnostic systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  4. Fulltext Berberine nanostructures attenuate ß-catenin, a key component of epithelial mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma
    Malyla V, De Rubis G, Paudel KR, Chellappan DK, Hansbro NG, Hansbro PM, et al.
    Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2023 Dec;396(12):3595-3603.
    PMID: 37266589 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02553-y
    Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. It accounts for more than 1.9 million cases each year due to its complex and poorly understood molecular mechanisms that result in unregulated cell proliferation and metastasis. β-Catenin is a developmentally active protein that controls cell proliferation, metastasis, polarity and cell fate during homeostasis and aids in cancer progression via epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, inhibition of the β-catenin pathway could attenuate the progression of LC. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid which is known for its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties, demonstrates poor solubility and bioavailability. In our study, we have encapsulated berberine into liquid crystalline nanoparticles to improve its physiochemical functions and studied if these nanoparticles target the β-catenin pathway to inhibit the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) at both gene and protein levels. We observed for the first time that berberine liquid crystalline nanoparticles at 5 µM significantly attenuate the expression of the β-catenin gene and protein. The interaction between berberine and β-catenin was further validated by molecular simulation studies. Targeting β-catenin with berberine nanoparticles represents a promising strategy for the management of lung cancer progression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  5. Targeted therapy of breast tumor by PLGA-based nanostructures: The versatile function in doxorubicin delivery
    Sonam Dongsar T, Tsering Dongsar T, Molugulu N, Annadurai S, Wahab S, Gupta N, et al.
    Environ Res, 2023 Sep 15;233:116455.
    PMID: 37356522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116455
    Breast carcinoma is a molecularly diverse illness, and it is among the most prominent and often reported malignancies in female across the globe. Surgical intervention, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and endocrine treatment are among the currently viable treatment options for the carcinoma of breast. Chemotherapy is among the most prevalent cancer management strategy. Doxorubicin (DOX) widely employed as a cytostatic medication for the treatment of a variety of malignancies. Despite its widespread acceptance and excellent efficacy against an extensive line up of neoplasia, it has a variety of shortcomings that limit its therapeutic potential in the previously mentioned indications. Employment of nanoparticulate systems has come up as a unique chemo medication delivery strategy and are being considerably explored for the amelioration of breast carcinoma. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based nano systems are being utilized in a number of areas within the medical research and medication delivery constitutes one of the primary functions for PLGA given their inherent physiochemical attributes, including their aqueous solubility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, versatility in formulation, and limited toxicity. Herein along with the different application of PLGA-based nano formulations in cancer therapy, the present review intends to describe the various research investigations that have been conducted to enumerate the effectiveness of DOX-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (DOX-PLGA NPs) as a feasible treatment option for breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  6. Do nanofillers provide better physicomechanical properties to resin-based pit and fissure sealants? A systematic review
    Yassin SM, Mohamad D, Togoo RA, Sanusi SY, Johari Y
    J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2023 Sep;145:106037.
    PMID: 37499522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106037
    The purpose of this study was to systematically review the impact of nanofillers on the physicomechanical properties of resin-based pit and fissure sealants (RBS). This review included in vitro studies with full-length English-language articles reporting on the physicomechanical properties of nanofilled RBS until February 2023. PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and LILACS databases were accessed for literature searches. The review was formulated based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and used the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines and risk of bias Cochrane tool for quality assessment. The search resulted in 539 papers, of which 22 were eligible to be included in the review. Inorganic, polymeric, core-shell, and composite nanomaterials were used to reinforce the studied RBS. The inherent nature of the nanomaterial used, its morphology, concentration, and volume used were the primary parameters that determined the nanomaterial's success as a filler in RBS. These parameters also influenced their interaction with the resin matrix, which influenced the final physicomechanical properties of RBS. The use of nanofillers that were non-agglomerated and well dispersed in the resin matrix enhanced the physicomechanical properties of RBS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  7. Nanomaterials in biochar: Review of their effectiveness in remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils
    Mazarji M, Bayero MT, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Mandzhieva S, Bauer TV, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2023 Jul 01;880:163330.
    PMID: 37023818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163330
    Biochar can be used for soil remediation in environmentally beneficial manner, especially when combined with nanomaterials. After a decade of research, still, no comprehensive review was conducted on the effectiveness of biochar-based nanocomposites in controlling heavy metal immobilization at soil interfaces. In this paper, the recent progress in immobilizing heavy metals using biochar-based nanocomposite materials were reviewed and compared their efficacy against that of biochar alone. In details, an overview of results on the immobilization of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, and As was presented by different nanocomposites made by various biochars derived from kenaf bar, green tea, residual bark, cornstalk, wheat straw, sawdust, palm fiber, and bagasse. Biochar nanocomposite was found to be most effective when combined with metallic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 and FeS) and carbonaceous nanomaterials (graphene oxide and chitosan). This study also devoted special consideration to different remediation mechanisms by which the nanomaterials affect the effectiveness of the immobilization process. The effects of nanocomposites on soil characteristics related to pollution migration, phytotoxicity, and soil microbial composition were assessed. A future perspective on nanocomposites' use in contaminated soils was presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  8. Fulltext Nanomaterials for disease diagnostics
    Muthoosamy K, Manickam S
    Mikrochim Acta, 2023 Mar 18;190(4):143.
    PMID: 36933103 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05724-z
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  9. Chitosan modified 5-fluorouracil nanostructured lipid carriers for treatment of diabetic retinopathy in rats: A new dimension to an anticancer drug
    Sharma DS, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, Kumar B, Chitranshi N, Gupta VK, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Jan 01;224:810-830.
    PMID: 36302483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.168
    Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the chronic complications of diabetes. It includes retinal blood vessels' damage. If untreated, it leads to loss of vision. The existing treatment strategies for DR are expensive, invasive, and need expertise during administration. Hence, there is a need to develop a non-invasive topical formulation that can penetrate deep to the posterior segment of retina and treat the damaged retinal vessels. In addition, it should also provide sustained release. In recent years, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been explored for treating DR and found successful. In this study, chitosan (CS) modified 5-Fluorouracil Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (CS-5-FU-NLCs) were prepared by modified melt emulsification-ultrasonication method and optimized by Box-Behnken Design. The size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of CS-5-FU-NLCs were 163.2 ± 2.3 nm, 0.28 ± 1.52, 21.4 ± 0.5 mV and 85.0 ± 0.2 %, respectively. The in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation study confirmed higher and sustained drug release in CS-5-FU-NLCs as compared to 5-FU solution. HET-CAM Model ensured the non-irritant nature of CS-5-FU-NLCs. In vivo ocular studies of CS-5-FU-NLCs confirmed antiangiogenic effect of 5-FU by CAM model and diabetic retinopathy induced rat model, indicating successful delivery of 5-FU to the retina.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  10. Recent Advancement in Disposable Electrode Modified with Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Heavy Metal Sensors
    Mohamad Nor N, Ramli NH, Poobalan H, Qi Tan K, Abdul Razak K
    Crit Rev Anal Chem, 2023;53(2):253-288.
    PMID: 34565248 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1950521
    Heavy metal pollution has gained global attention due to its high toxicity and non-biodegradability, even at a low level of exposure. Therefore, the development of a disposable electrode that is sensitive, simple, portable, rapid, and cost-effective as the sensor platform in electrochemical heavy metal detection is vital. Disposable electrodes have been modified with nanomaterials so that excellent electrochemical properties can be obtained. This review highlights the recent progress in the development of numerous types of disposable electrodes modified with nanomaterials for electrochemical heavy metal detection. The disposable electrodes made from carbon-based, glass-based, and paper-based electrodes are reviewed. In particular, the analytical performance, fabrication technique, and integration design of disposable electrodes modified with metal (such as gold, tin and bismuth), carbon (such as carbon nanotube and graphene), and metal oxide (such as iron oxide and zinc oxide) nanomaterials are summarized. In addition, the role of the nanomaterials in improving the electrochemical performance of the modified disposable electrodes is discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future prospect of the disposable electrode modified with nanomaterials are summarized.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  11. Transistor-Based Biomolecule Sensors: Recent Technological Advancements and Future Prospects
    Murugasenapathi NK, Ghosh R, Ramanathan S, Ghosh S, Chinnappan A, Mohamed SAJ, et al.
    Crit Rev Anal Chem, 2023;53(5):1044-1065.
    PMID: 34788167 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2002133
    Transistor-based sensors have been widely recognized to be highly sensitive and reliable for point-of-care/bed-side diagnosis. In this line, a range of cutting-edge technologies has been generated to elevate the role of transistors for biomolecule detection. Detection of a wide range of clinical biomarkers has been reported using various configurations of transistors. The inordinate sensitivity of transistors to the field-effect imparts high sensitivity toward wide range of biomolecules. This overview has gleaned the present achievements with the technological advancements using high performance transistor-based sensors. This review encloses transistors incorporated with a variety of functional nanomaterials and organic elements for their excellence in selectivity and sensitivity. In addition, the technological advancements in fabrication of these microdevices or nanodevices and functionalization of the sensing elements have also been discussed. The technological gap in the realization of sensors in transistor platforms and the resulted scope for research has been discussed. Finally, foreseen technological advancements and future research perspectives are described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  12. Fulltext In vivo Study of Chalcone Loaded Carbon Dots for Enhancement of Anticancer and Bioimaging Potencies
    Fahmi MZ, Aung YY, Ahmad MA, Kristanti AN, Sakti SCW, Arjasa OP, et al.
    Nanotheranostics, 2023;7(3):281-298.
    PMID: 37064612 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.80030
    The fluorescent imaging and drug delivery utilizing carbon dots nanomaterials (CDs) have attracted tremendously due to their unique optical ability and outstanding biocompatibility. Herein, we reported a new design of chalcone-loaded carbon dots (Chalcone-APBA-CDs) to serve chalcone transport onto cancer cells and enhance the CDs bioimaging and antitumor activity. The boronic acid was directly introduced to carbon dots (CDs) via pyrolysis process to drive CDs specifically to the cancer cell, and chalcone was mediated on CDs by ultrasonication to perform facile release of the drug delivery model. The successfully synthesized Chalcone-APBA-CDs were proved by their chemical structure, fluorescent activities, in vitro and in vivo analyses, and drug release systems using different pH. In addition, flow cytometry and confocal fluorescent imaging proved CDs' cellular uptake and imaging performance. In vitro analyses further proved that the Chalcone-APBA-CDs exhibited a higher toxicity value than bare CDs and efficiently inhibited the proliferation of the HeLa cells depending on their dose-response. Finally, the performance of Chalcone-APBA-CDs on cancer healing capability was examined in vivo with fibrosarcoma cancer-bearing mice, which showed a remarkable ability to reduce the tumor volume compared with saline (control). This result strongly suggested that the Chalcone-APBA-CDs appear promising simultaneously as cancer cell imaging and drug delivery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  13. Fulltext Progress of Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Based on Nanomaterial-Modified Electrode
    Mohamad Nor N, Ridhuan NS, Abdul Razak K
    Biosensors (Basel), 2022 Dec 06;12(12).
    PMID: 36551103 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121136
    This review covers the progress of nanomaterial-modified electrodes for enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. Fundamental insights into glucose biosensor components and the crucial factors controlling the electrochemical performance of glucose biosensors are discussed in detail. The metal, metal oxide, and hybrid/composite nanomaterial fabrication strategies for the modification of electrodes, mechanism of detection, and significance of the nanomaterials toward the electrochemical performance of enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose biosensors are compared and comprehensively reviewed. This review aims to provide readers with an overview and underlying concept of producing a reliable, stable, cost-effective, and excellent electrochemical performance of a glucose biosensor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  14. Fulltext Two-Dimensional Non-Carbon Materials-Based Electrochemical Printed Sensors: An Updated Review
    Falina S, Anuar K, Shafiee SA, Juan JC, Manaf AA, Kawarada H, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2022 Dec 01;22(23).
    PMID: 36502059 DOI: 10.3390/s22239358
    Recently, there has been increasing interest in electrochemical printed sensors for a wide range of applications such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, food safety, and environmental fields. A major challenge is to obtain selective, sensitive, and reliable sensing platforms that can meet the stringent performance requirements of these application areas. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials advances have accelerated the performance of electrochemical sensors towards more practical approaches. This review discusses the recent development of electrochemical printed sensors, with emphasis on the integration of non-carbon 2D materials as sensing platforms. A brief introduction to printed electrochemical sensors and electrochemical technique analysis are presented in the first section of this review. Subsequently, sensor surface functionalization and modification techniques including drop-casting, electrodeposition, and printing of functional ink are discussed. In the next section, we review recent insights into novel fabrication methodologies, electrochemical techniques, and sensors' performances of the most used transition metal dichalcogenides materials (such as MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2), MXenes, and hexagonal boron-nitride (hBN). Finally, the challenges that are faced by electrochemical printed sensors are highlighted in the conclusion. This review is not only useful to provide insights for researchers that are currently working in the related area, but also instructive to the ones new to this field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  15. Accelerated sunlight photocatalysis through improved electron mobility between g-C3N4 and BiPO4 nanomaterial
    Ng JJ, Sim LC, Oh WD, Saravanan P, Tan B, Leong KH
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Dec;29(57):86068-86076.
    PMID: 34523092 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16449-y
    Herein, we report a detailed study on creating heterojunction between graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and bismuth phosphate (BiPO4), enhancing the unpaired free electron mobility. This leads to an accelerated photocatalysis of 2,4-dichlorophenols (2,4-DCPs) under sunlight irradiation. The heterojunction formation was efficaciously conducted via a modest thermal deposition technique. The function of g-C3N4 plays a significant role in generating free electrons under sunlight irradiation. Together, the generated electrons at the g-C3N4 conduction band (CB) are transferred and trapped by the BiPO4 to form active superoxide anion radicals (•O2-). These active radicals will be accountable for the photodegradation of 2,4-DCPs. The synthesized composite characteristics were methodically examined through several chemical and physical studies. Due to the inimitable features of both g-C3N4 and BiPO4, its heterojunction formation, 2.5wt% BiPO4/g-C3N4 achieved complete 2,4-DCP removal (100%) in 90 min under sunlight irradiation. This is due to the presence of g-C3N4 that enhanced electron mobility through the formation of heterojunctions that lengthens the electron-hole pairs' lifetime and maximizes the entire solar spectrum absorption to generate active electrons at the g-C3N4 conduction band. Thus, this formation significantly draws the attention for future environmental remediation, especially in enhancing the entire solar spectrum's harvesting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  16. Novel Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Co-Loaded with Mesalamine and Curcumin: Formulation, Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation
    Awasthi A, Kumar B, Gulati M, Vishwas S, Corrie L, Kaur J, et al.
    Pharm Res, 2022 Nov;39(11):2817-2829.
    PMID: 36195824 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03401-z
    PURPOSE: The aim of current study is to formulate, optimize and characterize the developed formulation of Mesalamine-Curcumin Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (Mes-Cur NLCs).

    METHODS: It was formulated using high pressure homogenization followed by probe sonication and formulation variables were optimized using Central Composite Design. The particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (EE), drug release, cytotoxicity on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts cells and HaCaT keratinocytes cells and efficacy on RAW264.7 cells for optimized formulation was determined.

    RESULTS: The PS, ZP and EE were found to be 85.26 nm, -23.7 ± 7.45 mV, 99.2 ± 2.62 % (Mes) and 84 ± 1.51 % (Cur), respectively. The good correlation between predicted and obtained value indicated suitability and reproducibility of experimental design. NLCs showed spherical shape as confirmed by TEM. In vitro drug release profile of prepared formulation showed that Mes exhibited 100 % release at 48 h, whereas Cur exhibited 82.23 ± 2.97% release at 120 h. Both the drugs exhibited sustained release upon incorporation into the NLCs. The absence of any significant cell death during MTT assay performed on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts cells and HaCaT keratinocytes cells indicated that NLCs' were safe for use. Furthermore, significant reduction in nitric oxide level during anti-inflammatory evaluation of formulation on RAW264.7 cells showed excellent potential for the formulation to treat inflammation. The formulation was found stable as no significant difference between the PS, ZP and EE of the fresh and aged NLCs was observed.

    CONCLUSION: The outcomes of study deciphered successful formulation of Mes-Cur NLCs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  17. Biosustainable production of nanoparticles via mycogenesis for biotechnological applications: A critical review
    Sudheer S, Bai RG, Muthoosamy K, Tuvikene R, Gupta VK, Manickam S
    Environ Res, 2022 03;204(Pt A):111963.
    PMID: 34450157 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111963
    The demand for the green synthesis of nanoparticles has gained prominence over the conventional chemical and physical syntheses, which often entails toxic chemicals, energy consumption and ultimately lead to negative environmental impact. In the green synthesis approach, naturally available bio-compounds found in plants and fungi can be effective and have been proven to be alternative reducing agents. Fungi or mushrooms are particularly interesting due to their high content of bioactive compounds, which can serve as excellent reducing agents in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Apart from the economic and environmental benefits, such as ease of availability, low synthesis/production cost, safe and no toxicity, the nanoparticles synthesized from this green method have unique physical and chemical properties. Stabilisation of the nanoparticles in an aqueous solution is exceedingly high, even after prolonged storage with unperturbed size uniformity. Biological properties were significantly improved with higher biocompatibility, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. These remarkable properties allow further exploration in their applications both in the medical and agricultural fields. This review aims to explore the mushroom-mediated biosynthesis of nanomaterials, specifically the mechanism and bio-compounds involved in the synthesis and their interactions for the stabilisation of nanoparticles. Various metal and non-metal nanoparticles have been discussed along with their synthesis techniques and parameters, making them ideal for specific industrial, agricultural, and medical applications. Only recent developments have been explored in this review.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  18. The effect of nanosilica incorporation on the mechanical properties of concrete exposed to elevated temperature: a review
    Nasser IM, Ibrahim MHW, Zuki SSM, Algaifi HA, Alshalif AF
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Mar;29(11):15318-15336.
    PMID: 34982380 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18310-8
    Exposing concrete to high temperatures leads to harmful effects in its mechanical and microstructural properties, and ultimately to total failure. In this sense, various types of waste materials are exploited not only to tackle serious environmental issues but also to enhance the thermal stability of concrete exposed to elevated temperatures. Furthermore, nanomaterials have been incorporated in concrete as admixtures to reduce the thermal degradation of concrete due to exposure to high temperatures. In the present study, the effects of nanosilica (NS) incorporation on the properties of concrete subjected to elevated temperature are discussed in several sequential sections. The process mechanism of concrete deterioration due to fire exposure and the important factors that could affect the performance of concrete under fire were evaluated. Moreover, brief highlights on the effect of elevated temperature on concrete containing waste materials are included in this review paper. Reviews and summaries of the available and updated literature regarding concrete containing NS are considered. According to the findings of the studies under review, the addition of nanosilica to concrete contributed in reduced strength loss, minimized internal porosity, and enhanced matrix compactness in concrete.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  19. Advances of nanomaterials for air pollution remediation and their impacts on the environment
    Saleem H, Zaidi SJ, Ismail AF, Goh PS
    Chemosphere, 2022 Jan;287(Pt 2):132083.
    PMID: 34488054 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132083
    One of the most favorable environmental applications of nanotechnology has been in air pollution remediation in which different nanomaterials are used as nanoadsorbents, nanocatalysts, nanofilters, and nanosensors. The nanomaterials have the ability to adsorb several contaminants existing in the air. Also, certain semiconducting nanomaterials materials can be used for photocatalytic remediation. Air contamination control can also be achieved by nanostructured membranes with pores sufficiently small to separate various pollutants from the exhaust. Nanomaterial enabled sensors are also used for the detection of harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Conversely, because of the uncertainties in addition to irregularities in size, shape as well as chemical compositions, the existence of some nanomaterials might cause harmful effects on the environment along with the health of people. Thus, concerns were expressed about the transport and conversion of nanoparticles discharged into the surroundings. This review critically examined and assessed the present literature on the application of nanomaterials in the air, together with its negative impacts. The main focus is placed on the application of carbon-based and metal-based nanomaterials for air pollution remediation. It is noted that these nanomaterials demonstrating fascinating properties for improving the environmental pollution remediation system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
  20. Fulltext New challenges in the use of nanomedicine in cancer therapy
    Rasool M, Malik A, Waquar S, Arooj M, Zahid S, Asif M, et al.
    Bioengineered, 2022 Jan;13(1):759-773.
    PMID: 34856849 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012907
    Nanomedicines are applied as alternative treatments for anticancer agents. For the treatment of cancer, due to the small size in nanometers (nm), specific site targeting can be achieved with the use of nanomedicines, increasing their bioavailability and conferring fewer toxic side effects. Additionally, the use of minute amounts of drugs can lead to cost savings. In addition, nanotechnology is effectively applied in the preparation of such drugs as they are in nm sizes, considered one of the earliest cutoff values for the production of products utilized in nanotechnology. Early concepts described gold nanoshells as one of the successful therapies for cancer and associated diseases where the benefits of nanomedicine include effective active or passive targeting. Common medicines are degraded at a higher rate, whereas the degradation of macromolecules is time-consuming. All of the discussed properties are responsible for executing the physiological behaviors occurring at the following scale, depending on the geometry. Finally, large nanomaterials based on organic, lipid, inorganic, protein, and synthetic polymers have also been utilized to develop novel cancer cures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures*
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