Displaying publications 2181 - 2200 of 3507 in total

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  1. Fulltext Molecular and antimicrobial analyses of non-classical Bordetella isolated from a laboratory mouse
    Loong SK, Mahfodz NH, Wali HA, Talib SA, Nasrah SN, Wong PF, et al.
    J Vet Med Sci, 2016 May 3;78(4):715-7.
    PMID: 26782013 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0472
    Accurate identification and separation of non-classical Bordetella species is very difficult. These species have been implicated in animal infections. B. hinzii, a non-classical Bordetella, has been isolated from mice in experimental facilities recently. We isolated and characterized one non-classical Bordetella isolate from the trachea and lung of an ICR mouse. Isolate BH370 was initially identified as B. hinzii by 16S ribosomal DNA and ompA sequencing. Additionally, isolate BH370 also displayed antimicrobial sensitivity profiles similar to B. hinzii. However, analyses of nrdA sequences determined its identity as Bordetella genogroup 16. The isolation of BH370 from a healthy mouse suggests the possibility of it being a commensal. The nrdA gene was demonstrated to possess greater phylogenetic resolution as compared with 16S ribosomal DNA and ompA for the discrimination of non-classical Bordetella species.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Ribosomal
  2. Development of multiplex loop mediated isothermal amplification (m-LAMP) label-based gold nanoparticles lateral flow dipstick biosensor for detection of pathogenic Leptospira
    Nurul Najian AB, Engku Nur Syafirah EA, Ismail N, Mohamed M, Yean CY
    Anal Chim Acta, 2016 Jan 15;903:142-8.
    PMID: 26709307 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.015
    In recent years extensive numbers of molecular diagnostic methods have been developed to meet the need of point-of-care devices. Efforts have been made towards producing rapid, simple and inexpensive DNA tests, especially in the diagnostics field. We report on the development of a label-based lateral flow dipstick for the rapid and simple detection of multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (m-LAMP) amplicons. A label-based m-LAMP lateral flow dipstick assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of target DNA template and a LAMP internal control. This biosensor operates through a label based system, in which probe-hybridization and the additional incubation step are eliminated. We demonstrated this m-LAMP assay by detecting pathogenic Leptospira, which causes the re-emerging disease Leptospirosis. The lateral flow dipstick was developed to detect of three targets, the LAMP target amplicon, the LAMP internal control amplicon and a chromatography control. Three lines appeared on the dipstick, indicating positive results for all representative pathogenic Leptospira species, whereas two lines appeared, indicating negative results, for other bacterial species. The specificity of this biosensor assay was 100% when it was tested with 13 representative pathogenic Leptospira species, 2 intermediate Leptospira species, 1 non-pathogenic Leptospira species and 28 other bacteria species. This study found that this DNA biosensor was able to detect DNA at concentrations as low as 3.95 × 10(-1) genomic equivalent ml(-1). An integrated m-LAMP and label-based lateral flow dipstick was successfully developed, promising simple and rapid visual detection in clinical diagnostics and serving as a point-of-care device.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA
  3. Short communication: Genetic variants of Sarcocystis cruzi in infected Malaysian cattle based on 18S rDNA
    Ng YH, Fong MY, Subramaniam V, Shahari S, Lau YL
    Res Vet Sci, 2015 Dec;103:201-4.
    PMID: 26679818 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.10.009
    Sarcocystis species are pathogenic parasites that infect a wide range of animals, including cattle. A high prevalence of cattle sarcocystosis has been reported worldwide, but its status is unknown in Malaysia. This study focused on utilizing 18S rDNA to identify Sarcocystis species in Malaysian cattle and to determine their genetic variants. In this study, only Sarcocystis cruzi was detected in Malaysian cattle. The intra-species S. cruzi phylogenetic tree analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), respectively displayed two minor groups among the parasite isolates. This finding was supported by high Wright FST value (FST=0.647). The definitive hosts (dogs) may play a fundamental role in the development of S. cruzi genetic variants. Additionally, the existence of microheterogeneity within the S. cruzi merozoites and/or distinct genetic variants arisen from independent merozoites in mature sarcocysts, possibly contributed to the existence of intra-species variations within the population.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Ribosomal
  4. RpoS differentially affects the general stress response and biofilm formation in the endophytic Serratia plymuthica G3
    Liu X, Wu Y, Chen Y, Xu F, Halliday N, Gao K, et al.
    Res. Microbiol., 2016 Apr;167(3):168-77.
    PMID: 26671319 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2015.11.003
    The σ(S) subunit RpoS of RNA polymerase functions as a master regulator of the general stress response in Escherichia coli and related bacteria. RpoS has been reported to modulate biocontrol properties in the rhizobacterium Serratia plymuthica IC1270. However, the role of RpoS in the stress response and biofilm formation in S. plymuthica remains largely unknown. Here we studied the role of RpoS from an endophytic S. plymuthica G3 in regulating these phenotypes. Mutational analysis demonstrated that RpoS positively regulates the global stress response to acid or alkaline stresses, oxidative stress, hyperosmolarity, heat shock and carbon starvation, in addition to proteolytic and chitinolytic activities. Interestingly, rpoS mutations resulted in significantly enhanced swimming motility, biofilm formation and production of the plant auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which may contribute to competitive colonization and environmental fitness for survival. These findings provide further insight into the strain-specific role of RpoS in the endophytic strain G3 of S. plymuthica, where it confers resistance to general stresses encountered within the plant environment. The heterogeneous functionality of RpoS in rhizosphere and endophytic S. plymuthica populations may provide a selective advantage for better adaptation to various physiological and environmental stresses.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
  5. A novel antiamoebic agent against Acanthamoeba sp.--A causative agent for eye keratitis infection
    Kusrini E, Hashim F, Azmi WN, Amin NM, Estuningtyas A
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2016 Jan 15;153:714-21.
    PMID: 26474244 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.09.021
    The terbium trinitrate.trihydrate.18-crown ether-6, Tb(NO3)3(OH2)3.(18C6) complex has been characterized by elemental analysis, photoluminescence and single X-ray diffraction. The IC50 values were determined based on MTT assay while light and fluorescence microscopy imaging were employed to evaluate the cellular morphological changes. Alkaline comet assay was performed to analyze the DNA damage. The photoluminescence spectrum of the Tb complex excited at 325 nm displayed seven luminescence peaks corresponding to the (5)D4→(7)F(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) transitions. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies indicated that the Tb(NO3)3(OH2)3.(18C6) complex and its salt form as well as the 18C6 molecule have excellent anti-amoebic activity with very low IC50 values are 7, 2.6 and 1.2 μg/mL, respectively, with significant decrease (p<0.05) in Acanthamoeba viability when the concentration was increased from 0 to 30 μg/mL. The mode of cell death in Acanthamoeba cells following treatment with the Tb complex was apoptosis. This is in contrast to the Tb(NO3)3.6H2O salt- and 18C6 molecule-treated Acanthamoeba, which exhibited necrotic type cells. The percentage of DNA damage following treatment with all the compounds at the IC25 values showed high percentage of type 1 with the % nuclei damage are 14.15±2.4; 46.00±4.2; 36.36±2.4; 45.16±0.6%, respectively for untreated, treated with Tb complex, Tb salt and 18C6 molecule. The work features promising potential of Tb(NO3)3(OH2)3.(18C6) complex as anti-amoebic agent, representing a therapeutic option for Acanthamoeba keratitis infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA Damage
  6. Fulltext Role of mitochondrial DNA mutations in brain tumors: A mini-review
    Mohamed Yusoff AA
    J Cancer Res Ther, 2015 Jul-Sep;11(3):535-44.
    PMID: 26458578 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.161925
    Brain tumor is molecularly a heterogeneous group of diseases, and genetic factors seem to play a crucial role in its genesis. Even though multiple alterations in the nuclear-encoded genes such as tumor suppressor and oncogenes are believed to play a key role in brain tumorigenesis, the involvement of the mitochondrial genome to this event remains controversial to date. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been suspected to be associated with the carcinogenesis because of its high sensitivity to mutations and inefficient repair mechanisms in comparison to nuclear DNA. Thus, defects in mtDNA could also lead to the development of brain tumor. By virtue of their clonal nature and high copy number, mtDNA mutations may provide a new effective molecular biomarker for the cancer detection. It has been suggested that establishing mtDNA defective pattern might be useful in cancer diagnostics and detection, the prognosis of cancer outcome, and/or the response to certain treatments. This mini-review gives a brief overview on the several aspects of mtDNA, with a particular focus on its role in tumorigenesis and progression of brain tumor. Understanding the role of mitochondria and brain tumor development could potentially translate into therapeutic strategies for patients with these tumors.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Mitochondrial
  7. Fulltext A novel gap-PCR with high resolution melting analysis for the detection of α-thalassaemia Southeast Asian and Filipino β°-thalassaemia deletion
    Kho SL, Chua KH, George E, Tan JA
    Sci Rep, 2015;5:13937.
    PMID: 26365497 DOI: 10.1038/srep13937
    Homozygosity for the α-thalassaemia Southeast Asian (α-SEA) and Filipino β°-thalassaemia (β-FIL) deletions can cause serious complications leading to foetal death or life-long blood transfusions. A rapid and accurate molecular detection assay is essential in populations where the deletions are common. In this study, gap-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis was developed to detect both the large deletions. Melting curves at 86.9 ± 0.1 °C were generated by normal individuals without the α-SEA deletion, 84.7 ± 0.1 °C by homozygous α-SEA deletion individuals and two melting curves at 84.7 ± 0.1 °C and 86.9 ± 0.1 °C by α-SEA deletion carriers. Normal individuals without the β-FIL deletion produce amplicons with a melting temperature (Tm) at 74.6 ± 0.1 °C, homozygous β-FIL individuals produce amplicons with Tm at 73.6 ± 0.1 °C and heterozygous β-FIL individuals generate two amplicons with Tm at 73.6 ± 0.1 °C and 74.6 ± 0.1 °C. Evaluation using blinded tests on 220 DNA samples showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The developed assays are sensitive and specific for rapid molecular and prenatal diagnosis for the α-SEA and β-FIL deletions.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA
  8. Fulltext Complete chloroplast genome sequence of MD-2 pineapple and its comparative analysis among nine other plants from the subclass Commelinidae
    Redwan RM, Saidin A, Kumar SV
    BMC Plant Biol, 2015;15:196.
    PMID: 26264372 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0587-1
    Pineapple (Ananas comosus var. comosus) is known as the king of fruits for its crown and is the third most important tropical fruit after banana and citrus. The plant, which is indigenous to South America, is the most important species in the Bromeliaceae family and is largely traded for fresh fruit consumption. Here, we report the complete chloroplast sequence of the MD-2 pineapple that was sequenced using the PacBio sequencing technology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sequence Analysis, DNA
  9. Fulltext Advances in Aptamer-Based Biosensors and Cell-Internalizing SELEX Technology for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Application
    Gan Z, Roslan MAM, Abd Shukor MY, Halim M, Yasid NA, Abdullah J, et al.
    Biosensors (Basel), 2022 Oct 25;12(11).
    PMID: 36354431 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110922
    Aptamers are a group of synthetic single-stranded nucleic acids. They are generated from a random library of single-stranded DNA or RNA by a technology named systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). SELEX is a repetitive process to select and identify suitable aptamers that show high affinity and specificity towards target cells. Great strides have been achieved in the design, construction, and use of aptamers up to this point. However, only a small number of aptamer-based applications have achieved widespread commercial and clinical acceptance. Additionally, finding more effective ways to acquire aptamers with high affinity remains a challenge. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly examine the existing dearth and advancement in aptamer-related technologies. This review focuses on aptamers that are generated by SELEX to detect pathogenic microorganisms and mammalian cells, as well as in cell-internalizing SELEX for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The development of novel aptamer-based biosensors using optical and electrical methods for microbial detection is reported. The applications and limitations of aptamers are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Single-Stranded
  10. Fulltext Copy number variants as modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers
    Hakkaart C, Pearson JF, Marquart L, Dennis J, Wiggins GAR, Barnes DR, et al.
    Commun Biol, 2022 Oct 06;5(1):1061.
    PMID: 36203093 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03978-6
    The contribution of germline copy number variants (CNVs) to risk of developing cancer in individuals with pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 variants remains relatively unknown. We conducted the largest genome-wide analysis of CNVs in 15,342 BRCA1 and 10,740 BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers. We used these results to prioritise a candidate breast cancer risk-modifier gene for laboratory analysis and biological validation. Notably, the HR for deletions in BRCA1 suggested an elevated breast cancer risk estimate (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.21), 95% confidence interval (95% CI = 1.09-1.35) compared with non-CNV pathogenic variants. In contrast, deletions overlapping SULT1A1 suggested a decreased breast cancer risk (HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.59-0.91) in BRCA1 pathogenic variant carriers. Functional analyses of SULT1A1 showed that reduced mRNA expression in pathogenic BRCA1 variant cells was associated with reduced cellular proliferation and reduced DNA damage after treatment with DNA damaging agents. These data provide evidence that deleterious variants in BRCA1 plus SULT1A1 deletions contribute to variable breast cancer risk in BRCA1 carriers.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA Copy Number Variations
  11. Changes in the Proteome Profile of A549 Cells Following Helichrysetin-Induced Apoptosis Suggest the Involvement of DNA Damage Response and Cell Cycle Arrest-Associated Proteins
    Ho YF, Yajit NLM, Shiau JY, Malek SNA, Shyur LF, Karsani SA
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2023 Nov;195(11):6867-6880.
    PMID: 36947367 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04384-2
    Our previous findings demonstrated that Helichrysetin possessed promising anti-cancer activity. It was able to induce apoptosis in the A549 cell line. However, its mechanism of action is unknown. The present study aimed to unravel possible underlying molecular mechanisms of helichrysetin-induced apoptosis in A549 (human lung carcinoma) cells using comparative quantitative proteomics (iTRAQ labeled), followed by an exhaustive bioinformatics analysis. Our results suggested that DNA damage response (DDR) and cell cycle arrest were responsible for lung cancer cell death with helichrysetin treatment. Among proteins that changed in abundance were Nrf2 and HMOX1. They are oxidative stress-related proteins and were increased in abundance. BRAT1 was also increased in abundance, suggesting an increase in DNA damage repair, indicating the occurrence of DNA damage due to oxidative stress. However, several essential DDR downstream proteins such as p-ATM, BRCA1, FANCD2, and Rb1 that would further increase DNA damage were found to be dramatically decreased in relative abundance. Cell cycle-related proteins, p53, p21, and cyclin D1, were increased while cyclin A, cyclin E, and cdk2 were decreased. This is predicted to facilitate S-phase arrest. Furthermore, excessive DNA damage and prolonged arrest would in turn result in the induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Based on these observations, we postulate that the effects of helichrysetin were in part via the suppression of DNA damage response which led to DNA damage and prolonged cell cycle arrest. Subsequently, this event initiated mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA Damage
  12. Identification of Newcastle Disease Virus sub-genotype VII 1.1 isolated from chickens in Sabah, Malaysia
    Syamsiah Aini S, Leow BL, Faizul Fikri MY, Muhammad Redzwan S, Faizah Hanim MS
    Trop Biomed, 2022 Dec 01;39(4):579-586.
    PMID: 36602219 DOI: 10.47665/tb.39.4.015
    Newcastle disease (ND) is an extremely contagious and fatal viral disease causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Following recent ND outbreaks in Sabah in commercial poultry and backyard farms, it was speculated that this could be due to a new introduction of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) genotype/sub-genotype. Here we report the genetic characterization of NDVs isolated from Sabah during early 2021. All isolates were amplified and sequenced with primers specific to the viral fusion (F) gene using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Nucleotide sequence analysis of the F gene showed that all isolates shared similar homology of 99.4% with NDV strain from Iran isolated in 2018. Amino acid sequences of the F protein cleavage site revealed the motif of 112RRQKRF117 indicating all isolates were of virulent strain. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all isolates were clustered under sub-genotype VII 1.1 and clustered together with isolates from Iran (previously known as subgenotype VIIl). The present findings suggested that there is an emerging of a new sub-genotype into the poultry population in Sabah and this sub-genotype has never been reported before in Malaysia. Therefore, transboundary monitoring and continuous surveillance should be implemented for proper control and prevention of the disease. A further molecular epidemiological analysis of NDV is needed to well understand the circulatory patterns of virulent strains of NDV in the country to prevent future outbreaks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sequence Analysis, DNA
  13. Gut Microbiota Profiles in Myopes and Nonmyopes
    Omar WEW, Singh G, McBain AJ, Cruickshank F, Radhakrishnan H
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2024 May 01;65(5):2.
    PMID: 38691091 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.5.2
    PURPOSE: To identify compositional differences in the gut microbiome of nonmyopes (NM) and myopes using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and to investigate whether the microbiome may contribute to the onset or progression of the condition.

    METHODS: Faecal samples were collected from 52 adult participants, of whom 23 were NM, 8 were progressive myopes (PM), and 21 were stable myopes (SM). The composition of the gut microbiota in each group was analysed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.

    RESULTS: There were no significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between the three groups (NM, PM, and SM). However, the distributions of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Megamonas, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, Dorea, Roseburia, and Blautia were significantly higher in the myopes (SM and PM combined) when compared with emmetropes. The myopes exhibited significantly greater abundance of bacteria that are linked to the regulation of dopaminergic signalling, such as Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides. Individuals with stable myopia were found to have a significantly higher proportion of Prevotella copri than those with progressive myopia. Bifidobacterium adolescentis, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing bacterium, was significantly higher in all myopes than in NM and, in the comparison between SM and PM, it is significantly higher in SM. B. uniformis and B. fragilis, both GABA-producing Bacteroides, were present in relatively high abundance in all myopes and in SM compared with PM, respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: The presence of bacteria related to dopamine effect and GABA-producing bacteria in the gut microbiome of myopes may suggest a role of these microorganisms in the onset and progression of myopia.

    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Bacterial
  14. Antioxidant Potential, DNA Damage, Inflammation, Glycemic Control and Lipid Metabolism Alteration: A Mediation Analysis of Islamic Sunnah Intermittent Fasting on Cognitive Function among Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment
    Ooi TC, Meramat A, Rajab NF, Shahar S, Sharif R
    J Nutr Health Aging, 2022;26(3):272-281.
    PMID: 35297471 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1757-0
    OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the relationship between oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and metabolic biomarkers as the mediating factor between Islamic Sunnah intermittent fasting (IF) practice and cognitive function among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

    DESIGN: This study was a 36 months prospective cohort study.

    SETTING: Community-dwelling older participants recruited through a stratified random sampling method from four states representing Malaysia's central, north-west, northeast and southern regions.

    PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-nine Malay Muslim older adults (n= 99) aged 60 and above with MCI and no known critical illnesses were included in the current analysis. The participants were divided into regularly practicing IF (r-IF), irregularly practicing IF (i-IF) and not practicing IF (n-IF) groups.

    MEASUREMENTS: Fasting venous blood was collected and used to determine the levels of oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers. Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Digit Span and Digit symbol were used to evaluate the cognitive function. Then, the mediation analysis was conducted using a multistep regression model to determine the mediating role of various biomarkers between IF practice and cognitive function.

    RESULTS: When comparing the r-IF and n-IF groups, higher SOD activity, lower DNA damage (percentage of DNA in tail), lower CRP levels and higher HDL-cholesterol levels established partial mediation while lower insulin levels established complete mediation between IF practice and better cognitive function. Meanwhile, when comparing the r-IF and i-IF groups, higher SOD activity and lower CRP levels completely mediated the effects of IF practice on better cognitive function.

    CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that changes in antioxidant function, DNA damage, inflammation and a limited set of metabolic biomarkers (insulin and HDL cholesterol) may mediate improvements in cognitive function among older participants with MCI who practice Islamic Sunnah IF.

    Matched MeSH terms: DNA Damage
  15. A description of Joostella sp. strain CR20 with potential biotechnological applications
    Zakaria MR, Vodovnik M, Zorec M, Liew KJ, Tokiman L, Chong CS
    Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 2024 Nov 29;118(1):38.
    PMID: 39613983 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-02045-w
    The underexplored halophilic genus Joostella within the Flavobacteriaceae family consists of only two species, both of which have received little attention for their potential biotechnological applications. In this study, we report the isolation and characterisation of a novel halophilic bacterium, strain CR20, using a genomic approach to investigate its biotechnological potential. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain CR20 shares 97.5% and 96.2% sequence similarity with Joostella marina DSM 19592 T and Joostella atrarenae M1-2 T, respectively. Strain CR20 exhibited average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation values of 76.8-79.1% and 20.8-22.8%, respectively, with Joostella spp., which fall below the species delineation thresholds. Additionally, strain CR20 demonstrated average amino acid identity and percentage of conserved proteins values of 81.3-84.0% and 71.7-75.3%, respectively, with Joostella spp., above the genus delineation thresholds. Meanwhile, the average amino acid identity and percentage of conserved proteins values of strain CR20 against Galbibacter spp. are 73.9-80.0% and 61.3-72.3%, respectively, also above the genus delineation thresholds. These findings indicated strain CR20 has a close relationship with both genera. Chemotaxonomic analysis of strain CR20 identified predominant fatty acids, including iso-C17:0 3OH (25.3%), iso-C15:0 (14%), and C16:1 ω6c/C16:1 ω7c (12.2%). The assembled genome comprises 62 contigs, with a size of approximately 3,168,727 bp and a G + C content of 35.1%. Among 2,804 predicted genes, 2,559 were classified into 25 COG functional groups. A total of 68 genes with potential industrial applications were identified, including 1 β-mannanase, 2 β-xylosidases, 1 polysaccharide deacetylase, 4 other hemicellulases, 6 β-glucosidases, 25 proteases, and 29 phosphate-solubilising enzymes. Hydrolytic assays confirmed that strain CR20 produces these enzymes extracellularly. These findings highlight strain CR20 has potential for industrial applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sequence Analysis, DNA
  16. Fulltext Genetic polymorphisms of Plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking vaccine candidates Pvs48/45 and Pvs47 in Thailand
    Kuesap J, Suphakhonchuwong N, Eksonthi B, Huaihongthong S
    Malar J, 2025 Feb 27;24(1):63.
    PMID: 40016697 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-025-05305-w
    BACKGROUND: The genetic diversity of malaria parasites varies between regions in the world. The genetic polymorphisms of the genes Pvs48/45 and Pvs47 which encode gametocyte/gamete proteins of Plasmodium vivax, were studied because of their potential as transmission-blocking vaccine (TBV) targets. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity of Pvs48/45 and Pvs47 in clinical isolates from endemic areas of Thailand.

    METHODS: Plasmodium vivax samples collected from four provinces neighbouring either Myanmar or Malaysia were analysed using polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing.   RESULTS: Fifteen and 18 amino acid substitutions were observed in 36 Pvs48/45 and 62 Pvs47 deduced amino acid sequences, respectively. Eleven haplotypes were identified in Pvs48/45 and 26 in Pvs47. Overall, low nucleotide diversities were observed for Pvs48/45 (π = 0.00104) and Pvs47 (π = 0.00321). Tajima's D, and Fu and Li's D* and F* values were negative for both genes, Pvs48/45 and Pvs47 while a significant difference was found in Pvs48/45 (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Sequence Analysis, DNA
  17. Fulltext Genomic insights into the biogeography and evolution of Galápagos iguanas
    Paradiso C, Gratton P, Trucchi E, López-Delgado J, Gargano M, Garizio L, et al.
    Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2025 Mar;204:108294.
    PMID: 39880223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2025.108294
    Galápagos iguanas are a monophyletic group endemic to the Galápagos archipelago, comprising the marine iguana Amblyrhynchus cristatus and three species of land iguanas: Conolophus subcristatus, C. pallidus and C. marthae. The biogeographic history of the land species in relation to their current distributions remains uncertain, in particular the origins of C. marthae, which is restricted to a small area of the northern part of Isabela Island. The classification of C. pallidus as a separate species has also been debated. We analyzed DNA sequences (RADseq) to reconstruct demographic histories of selected local populations of all Galápagos iguana species and estimate their divergence times within a multispecies coalescent framework. Our results indicate an early date for the colonization of Galápagos by iguanas, relative to island formation, at ca. 10 Mya, and support a recent split of C. marthae via allopatric speciation, after the emergence of Isabela Island, at ca. 0.57 Mya. We find contrasting demographic histories in C. marthae and the syntopic population of C. subcristatus, suggesting competitive interaction between these species. We also confirm that the divergence of C. pallidus from C. subcristatus is recent (0.09 Mya) and close in time to the split between populations of C. subcristatus from different islands. Our genetic data support recent census estimates indicating a relatively small current effective population size (Ne) in all the studied populations. Our findings shed light on the evolutionary history of Galápagos iguanas and emphasize the need for targeted conservation strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sequence Analysis, DNA
  18. Reversal of oxidative stress, cytokine toxicity and DNA fragmentation by quercetin in dizocilpine-induced animal model of Schizophrenia
    Shahzad S, Batool Z, Afzal A, Haider S
    Metab Brain Dis, 2022 Dec;37(8):2793-2805.
    PMID: 36152087 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01090-6
    Quercetin, a polyphenolic compound found in a variety of plant products possesses various biological activities and beneficial effects on human health. Schizophrenia (SZ) is one of the neuropsychiatric disorders in human beings with rapid mortality and intense morbidity which can be treated with antipsychotics, but these commercial drugs exert adverse effects and have less efficacy to treat the full spectrum of SZ. The present study was conducted to evaluate neuroprotective effects of quercetin in the preventive and therapeutic treatment of SZ. Quercetin was administered as pre- and post-regimens at the dose of 50 mg/kg in dizocilpine-induced SZ rat model for two weeks. Rats were then subjected for the assessment of different behaviors followed by biochemical, neurochemical, and inflammatory marker analyses. The present findings revealed that quercetin significantly reverses the effects of dizocilpine-induced psychosis-like symptoms in all behavioral assessments as well as it also combats oxidative stress. This flavonoid also regulates dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission. A profound effect on inflammatory cytokines and decreased %DNA fragmentation was also observed following the administration of quercetin. The findings suggest that quercetin can be considered as a preventive as well as therapeutic strategy to attenuate oxidative stress and cytokine toxicity, regulate neurotransmission, and prevent enhanced DNA fragmentation that can lead to the amelioration of psychosis-like symptoms in SZ.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA Fragmentation
  19. Differentiation of Ficus deltoidea varieties and chemical marker determination by UHPLC-TOFMS metabolomics for establishing quality control criteria of this popular Malaysian medicinal herb
    Afzan A, Kasim N, Ismail NH, Azmi N, Ali AM, Mat N, et al.
    Metabolomics, 2019 Mar 04;15(3):35.
    PMID: 30830457 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1489-2
    BACKGROUND: Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is a plant used in Malaysia for various diseases including as a supplement in diabetes management. Morphology distinction of the 7 main varieties (var. angustifolia, var. bilobata, var. deltoidea, var. intermedia, var. kunstleri, var. motleyana and var. trengganuensis) is challenging due to the extreme leaf heterophylly and unclear varietal boundaries, making it difficult for quality control of F. deltoidea products.

    OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the phytochemical composition of 7 varieties growing in different conditions at various geographical locations. We also aimed to establish the quality control markers for the authentication of these varieties.

    METHODS: We applied untargeted UHPLC-TOFMS metabolomics to discriminate 100 leaf samples of F. deltoidea collected from 6 locations in Malaysia. A genetic analysis on 21 leaf samples was also performed to validate the chemotaxonomy differentiation.

    RESULTS: The PCA and HCA analysis revealed the existence of 3 chemotypes based on the differentiation in the flavonoid content. The PLS-DA analysis identified 15 glycosylated flavone markers together with 1 furanocoumarin. These markers were always consistent for the respective varieties, regardless of the geographical locations and growing conditions. The chemotaxonomy differentiation was in agreement with the DNA sequencing. In particular, var. bilobata accession which showed divergent morphology was also differentiated by the chemical fingerprints and genotype.

    CONCLUSION: Chemotype differentiation based on the flavonoid fingerprints along with the proposed markers provide a powerful identification tool to complement morphology and genetic analyses for the quality control of raw materials and products from F. deltoidea.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sequence Analysis, DNA
  20. Allele frequencies and forensic parameters based upon 23 Autosomal STRs loci of 406 Cambodian individuals in Thailand
    Siripatoomrut N, Romgaew T, Aobaom S
    Int J Legal Med, 2025 Sep;139(5):2109-2116.
    PMID: 40493061 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-025-03532-z
    This study evaluated the allele frequencies and forensic parameters of 23 autosomal short tandem repeat (aSTR) loci in 406 genotypes from a Cambodian population residing in Thailand. The loci were stored in the Thailand DNA database of the Police Forensic Science Center 1, Pathum Thani. No significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found for any loci after applying the Bonferroni correction (p > 0.002). SE33 exhibited the highest degree of genetic polymorphism, making it the most informative locus, while TPOX was the least informative. The combined power of discrimination (CPD) and combined power of exclusion (CPE) for the 23 aSTR loci were both at 0.9999. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to compare the Cambodian population with four other populations (Laotian, Thai, Vietnamese, and Malaysian). The results showed that the Cambodian population clustered with the other four populations, with the Laotian population being the most closely related. However, six dominant alleles unique to the Cambodian population in Thailand were identified, distinguishing this population from the Laotian, Thai, Vietnamese, and Malaysian populations. Moreover, two of these dominant alleles were exclusively found in the Cambodian population in Thailand and were not present in any of the 22 other compared populations. Therefore, the allele frequency data from this study can serve as a reference for identifying allele differences in other populations and can further enhance the accuracy of forensic human identification and kinship testing.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA Fingerprinting
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