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Comparison of Clinical Results and Pathological Examinations Between Locally Synthesized Bone-derived Hydroxyapatite and Medpor® Orbital Implants in Animal Models

Roslinah M, Wan Hitam WH, Md Salleh MS, Abdul Hamid SS, Shatriah I

Cureus, 2019 Jan 25;11(1):e3954.
PMID: 30956907 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3954

We aimed to compare clinical and pathological reactions towards locally synthesized bovine bone derived from hydroxyapatite (bone docosahexaenoic acid (dHA)) and commercially available porous polyethylene (Medpor®, Porex Surgical Incorporation, Georgia, USA) orbital implants in animal models. An experimental study was performed on 14 New Zealand white rabbits. Group A (n=7) was implanted with bovine bone dHA and group B (n=7) was implanted with Medpor®. Clinical examinations were performed on Days 1, 7, 14, 28, and 42 post-implantation. The implanted eyes were enucleated on Day 42 and were sent for pathological evaluation. Serial clinical examinations included urine color and odor; feeding and physical activity demonstrated normal wellbeing in all the subjects. Localized minimal infection was observed in both groups during the first two weeks following implantation, and the subjects responded well to topical moxifloxacin. Both groups exhibited evidence of wound breakdown. No signs of implant migration or extrusion were observed in either group. The histopathological examination revealed no statistically significant difference in inflammatory cell reactions and fibrovascular tissue maturation between both types of implants. However, all (100%) of the bovine bone dHA implants displayed complete fibrovascular ingrowth compared to Medpor® implants (57.1%) at six weeks post-implantation (p=0.001). In conclusion, bovine bone dHA and Medpor® orbital implants were well-tolerated clinically and displayed similar inflammatory reactions and fibrovascular tissue maturation. Locally synthesized bovine bone dHA orbital implants displayed significantly greater complete fibrovascular ingrowth in comparison with Medpor® implants.
Controlled release studies through chitosan-based hydrogel synthesized at different polymerization stages

Md Rasib SZ, Md Akil H, Khan A, Abdul Hamid ZA

Int J Biol Macromol, 2019 May 01;128:531-536.
PMID: 30708001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.190

An earlier study showed that the behaviour of chitosan-poly(methacrylic acid‑co‑N‑isopropylacrylamide) [chitosan‑p(MAA‑co‑NIPAM)] hydrogels synthesized at different reaction times are affected with regard to their pH and temperature sensitivities. The study was continued in this paper to identify the effects of different reaction times on the degradation, efficiency of rifampicin (Rif) loading and the Rif release profile under two different pH conditions (acidic and basic). The results that were obtained showed that the hydrogel had a faster degradation rate in the acidic condition than in the basic condition, where there was a loss of approximately 50% and 20%, respectively in its original weight within two weeks. The Rif loading efficiency was within 50% and the drug release was controlled by characteristics that were developed beyond the polymerization stages of the synthesis. Therefore, the reaction time for the synthesis of the hydrogel can be considered as a way to control the behaviour of the hydrogel as well as to modify the drug release profile in the chitosan‑p(MAA‑co‑NIPAM) hydrogel.
NMR metabolomics for evaluating passage number and harvesting effects on mammalian cell metabolome

Abdul-Hamid NA, Abas F, Maulidiani M, Ismail IS, Tham CL, Swarup S, et al.

Anal Biochem, 2019 07 01;576:20-32.
PMID: 30970239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.04.001

The variation in the extracellular metabolites of RAW 264.7 cells obtained from different passage numbers (passage 9, 12 and 14) was examined. The impact of different harvesting protocols (trypsinization and scraping) on recovery of intracellular metabolites was then assessed. The similarity and variation in the cell metabolome was investigated using 1H NMR metabolic profiling modeled using multivariate data analysis. The characterization and quantification of metabolites was performed to determine the passage-related and harvesting-dependent effects on impacted metabolic networks. The trypsinized RAW cells from lower passages gave higher intensities of most identified metabolites, including asparagine, serine and tryptophan. Principal component analysis revealed variation between cells from different passages and harvesting methods, as indicated by the formation of clusters in score plot. Analysis of S-plots revealed metabolites that acted as biomarkers in discriminating cells from different passages including acetate, serine, lactate and choline. Meanwhile lactate, glutamine and pyruvate served as biomarkers for differentiating trypsinized and scraped cells. In passage-dependent effects, glycolysis and TCA cycle were influential, whereas glycerophospholipid metabolism was affected by the harvesting method. Overall, it is proposed that typsinized RAW cells from lower passage numbers are more appropriate when conducting experiments related to NMR metabolomics.
Metabolite variations and antioxidant activity of Muntingia calabura leaves in response to different drying methods and ethanol ratios elucidated by NMR-based metabolomics

Zolkeflee NKZ, Isamail NA, Maulidiani M, Abdul Hamid NA, Ramli NS, Azlan A, et al.

Phytochem Anal, 2021 Jan;32(1):69-83.
PMID: 31953888 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2917

INTRODUCTION: Muntingia calabura from the Muntingiaceae family has been documented for several medicinal uses. The combinations of drying treatment and extracting solvents for a plant species need to be determined and optimised to ensure that the extracts contain adequate amounts of the bioactive metabolites.
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the metabolite variations and antioxidant activity among M. calabura leaves subjected to different drying methods and extracted with different ethanol ratios using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR)-based metabolomics. Methodology The antioxidant activity of M. calabura leaves dried with three different drying methods and extracted with three different ethanol ratios was determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assays. The metabolites variation among the extracts and correlation with antioxidant activity were analysed by 1 H-NMR-based metabolomics.
RESULTS: Muntingia calabura leaves extracted with 50% and 100% ethanol from air-drying and freeze-drying methods had the highest total phenolic content and the lowest IC50 value for the DPPH scavenging activity. Meanwhile, oven-dried leaves extracted with 100% ethanol had the lowest IC50 value for the NO scavenging activity. A total of 43 metabolites, including sugars, organic acids, amino acids, phytosterols, phenolics and terpene glycoside were tentatively identified. A noticeable discrimination was observed in the different ethanol ratios by the principal component analysis. The partial least-squares analysis suggested that 32 compounds out of 43 compounds identified were the contributors to the bioactivities.
CONCLUSION: The results established set the preliminary steps towards developing this plant into a high value product for phytomedicinal preparations.
Fulltext Surface functionalisation of poly-APO-b-polyol ester cross-linked copolymers as core-shell nanoparticles for targeted breast cancer therapy

Tajau R, Rohani R, Abdul Hamid SS, Adam Z, Mohd Janib SN, Salleh MZ

Sci Rep, 2020 12 10;10(1):21704.
PMID: 33303818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78601-x

Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly used as nanocarriers for drug delivery, whereby their sizes can be altered for a more efficient delivery of therapeutic active agents with better efficacy. In this work, cross-linked copolymers acted as core-shell NPs from acrylated palm olein (APO) with polyol ester were synthesized via gamma radiation-induced reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisation. The particle diameter of the copolymerised poly(APO-b-polyol ester) core-shell NPs was found to be less than 300 nm, have a low molecular weight (MW) of around 24 kDa, and showed a controlled MW distribution of a narrow polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.01. These properties were particularly crucial for further use in designing targeted NPs, with inclusion of peptide for the targeted delivery of paclitaxel. Moreover, the characterisation of the synthesised NPs using Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) and Neutron Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses confirmed the possession of biodegradable hydrolysed ester in its chemical structures. Therefore, it can be concluded that the synthesised NPs produced may potentially contribute to better development of a nano-structured drug delivery system for breast cancer therapy.
Fulltext Resolution of refractory chylothorax with a combination of talc pleurodesis and CPAP

Ng BH, Nik Abeed NN, Abdul Hamid MF, Soo CI, Low HJ, Ban AY

Respirol Case Rep, 2020 Oct;8(7):e00624.
PMID: 32685169 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.624

Chylothorax is an uncommon cause of pleural effusion. Recurrent chylous effusions are often resistant to conservative treatment and many need surgical intervention. We report a 69-year-old woman with refractory idiopathic chylothorax resistant to medium-chain triglyceride diet and intermittent thoracentesis. Lymphangiography and lymphoscintigraphy failed to identify the site of leakage. We initiated continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 12 h before and 48 hours after talc pleurodesis. Chest drain was removed at day 3 and she was discharged at day 5. To our knowledge, this is the first case of successful resolution of idiopathic refractory chylothorax with CPAP ventilation used in tandem with talc pleurodesis.
Fulltext Indwelling pleural catheter and successful autopleurodesis of refractory inflammatory lupus effusion

Ng BH, Nik Abeed NN, Abdul Hamid MF, Soo CI, Low HJ, Ban AY

Respirol Case Rep, 2020 Oct;8(7):e00621.
PMID: 32685166 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.621

Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) is a useful tool for refractory malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). It allows palliation by intermittent symptomatic relief of the effusion and improves quality of life. Its use in benign pleural effusions comes mainly from retrospective studies, case series, and case reports. Lupus effusion is common, causes minimal symptoms, and usually responds to either steroid therapy or immunosuppressants. Refractory lupus effusion is less common and treatment may require invasive surgical pleurectomy. We describe a 52-year-old woman whose first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was a pleural effusion refractory to steroids and immunosuppressants. She successfully achieved spontaneous pleurodesis with intermittent IPC drainage at three months.
Interaction of monomeric Ebola VP40 protein with a plasma membrane: A coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulation study

Mohamad Yusoff MA, Abdul Hamid AA, Mohammad Bunori N, Abd Halim KB

J Mol Graph Model, 2018 Jun;82:137-144.
PMID: 29730487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.04.010

Ebola virus is a lipid-enveloped filamentous virus that affects human and non-human primates and consists of several types of protein: nucleoprotein, VP30, VP35, L protein, VP40, VP24, and transmembrane glycoprotein. Among the Ebola virus proteins, its matrix protein VP40 is abundantly expressed during infection and plays a number of critical roles in oligomerization, budding and egress from the host cell. VP40 exists predominantly as a monomer at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, and has been suggested to interact with negatively charged lipids such as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylserine (PS) via its cationic patch. The hydrophobic loop at the C-terminal domain has also been shown to be important in the interaction between the VP40 and the membrane. However, details of the molecular mechanisms underpinning their interactions are not fully understood. This study aimed at investigating the effects of mutation in the cationic patch and hydrophobic loop on the interaction between the VP40 monomer and the plasma membrane using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation (CGMD). Our simulations revealed that the interaction between VP40 and the plasma membrane is mediated by the cationic patch residues. This led to the clustering of PIP2 around the protein in the inner leaflet as a result of interactions between some cationic residues including R52, K127, K221, K224, K225, K256, K270, K274, K275 and K279 and PIP2 lipids via electrostatic interactions. Mutation of the cationic patch or hydrophobic loop amino acids caused the protein to bind at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in a different orientation, where no significant clustering of PIP2 was observed around the mutated protein. This study provides basic understanding of the interaction of the VP40 monomer and its mutants with the plasma membrane.
Fulltext Does traditional asian vegetables (ulam) consumption correlate with brain activity using fMRI? A study among aging adults from low-income households

You YX, Shahar S, Mohamad M, Yahya HM, Haron H, Abdul Hamid H

J Magn Reson Imaging, 2020 04;51(4):1142-1153.
PMID: 31386268 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26891

BACKGROUND: Working memory and cognitive flexibility are supported by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Aging adults from low-income households are individuals with a high risk of cognitive decline who incorporate ulam in their daily diet.
PURPOSE: To examine relationship between ulam consumption and the working memory and cognitive flexibility among aging adults from low-income households who are more susceptible to cognitive decline.
STUDY TYPE: Cross-sectional.
POPULATION/SUBJECTS: Thirty-two aging adults (45-75 years old).
FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Task-based fMRI, 3.0T, T1 -weighted anatomical images, T2 *-weighted imaging data.
ASSESSMENT: The dietary and ulam consumption were assessed using the respective validated Dietary History and semiquantitative Food Frequency questionnaires. Working memory and cognitive flexibility were evaluated by using neuropsychological batteries (ie, mini-mental state examination [MMSE], Digit Span, and Rey auditory verbal learning test [RAVLT]) and task-based fMRI (N-back and Stroop Color Word Test [SCWT]). Brodmann's areas 9 and 46 were the regions of interest (ROIs) of DLPFC activation.
STATISTICAL TESTS: Multiple linear regression used to understand the relationship between ulam consumption and the working memory and cognitive flexibility, while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the difference of working memory and cognitive flexibility among four percentiles of ulam consumption, after age, gender, and education years adjustments. Significance was decided by two-sided, P
Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations studies on β-glucosidase and xylanase Trichoderma asperellum to predict degradation order of cellulosic components in oil palm leaves for nanocellulose preparation

Bahaman AH, Wahab RA, Abdul Hamid AA, Abd Halim KB, Kaya Y

J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2021 Apr;39(7):2628-2641.
PMID: 32248752 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1751713

Literature has shown that oil palm leaves (OPL) can be transformed into nanocellulose (NC) by fungal lignocellulosic enzymes, particularly those produced by the Trichoderma species. However, mechanism of β-glucosidase and xylanase selectivity to degrade lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose in OPL for NC production remains relatively vague. The study aimed to comprehend this aspect by an in silico approach of molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and Molecular-mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) analysis, to compare interactions between the β-glucosidase- and xylanase from Trichoderma asperellum UC1 in complex with each substrate. Molecular docking of the enzyme-substrate complex showed residues Glu165-Asp226-Glu423 and Arg155-Glu210-Ser160 being the likely catalytic residues of β-glucosidase and xylanase, respectively. The binding affinity of β-glucosidase for the substrates are as follows: cellulose (-8.1 kcal mol-1) > lignin (-7.9 kcal mol-1) > hemicellulose (-7.8 kcal mol-1), whereas, xylanase showed a corresponding preference for; hemicellulose (-6.7 kcal mol-1) > cellulose (-5.8 kcal mol-1) > lignin (-5.7 kcal mol-1). Selectivity of both enzymes was reiterated by MD simulations where interactions between β-glucosidase-cellulose and xylanase-hemicellulose were the strongest. Notably low free-binding energy (ΔGbind) of β-glucosidase and xylanase in complex with cellulose (-207.23 +/- 47.13 kJ/mol) and hemicellulose (-131.48 +/- 24.57 kJ/mol) were observed, respectively. The findings thus successfully identified the cellulose component selectivity of the polymer-acting β-glucosidase and xylanase of T. asperellum UC1.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
NMR-based metabolomics for elucidating the bioactive compounds from Mangifera caesia Jack and Ficus auriculata lour

Mohamed Yunus SN, Abdul-Hamid NA, Jaafar AH, Lawal U, Abas F

J Food Biochem, 2021 02;45(2):e13610.
PMID: 33491203 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13610

Mangifera caesia and Ficus auriculata are neglected fruits found in Malaysia and are locally known as "buah binjai" and "buah ara", respectively. To profile the metabolites for both fruits, we conducted a robust 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) analyses were applied to distinguish the metabolites variations of M. caesia and F. auriculata fruits extracted with different ethanol ratios (0, 70, and 100%). In total, 34 metabolites were identified in M. caesia and F. auriculata fruits. The 70% ethanol extracts of both fruits displayed the highest antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, as well as notable with the highest phenolic content, compared with the other samples. The present metabolomics study shows that the polarities of solvent extractions play a crucial role in the assessment and recovery of the metabolites for the high value of natural antioxidants and α-glucosidase inhibitors in M. caesia and F. auriculata fruits. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Antioxidant and antidiabetic agents from fruit sources are increasingly becoming popular due to its potential contributions to human health, by protecting against infections and degenerative diseases. However, some of these fruits were neglected where the scientific data on their potential benefits and biochemical contents are lacking. The information gained from this study provides valuable knowledge on M. caesia and F. auriculata fruits as natural antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitors agents that might be beneficial to consumers, further promote the usage of neglected fruits as functional food and natural supplements.
The Effectiveness of Stroke Riskometer™ in Improving Stroke Risk Awareness in Malaysia: A Study Protocol of a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Mat Said Z, Musa KI, Tengku Ismail TA, Abdul Hamid A, Sahathevan R, Abdul Aziz Z, et al.

Neuroepidemiology, 2021 Sep 15.
PMID: 34535608 DOI: 10.1159/000518853

BACKGROUND: Stroke is considered the second leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. The increasing burden of stroke is strong evidence that currently used primary prevention strategies are not sufficiently effective. The Stroke Riskometer™ application (app) represents a new stroke prevention strategy distinctly different from the conventional high-cardiovascular disease risk approach.
OBJECTIVE: This proposed study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Stroke Riskometer™ app in improving stroke awareness and stroke risk probability amongst the adult population in Malaysia.
METHODS: A non-blinded, parallel-group cluster-randomized controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio will be implemented in Kelantan, Malaysia. Two groups with a sample size of 66 in each group will be recruited. The intervention group will be equipped with the Stroke Riskometer™ app and informational leaflets, while the control group will be provided with standard management, including information leaflets only. The Stroke Riskometer™ app was developed according to the self-management model of chronic diseases based on self-regulation and social cognitive theories. Data collection will be conducted at baseline and on the third week, sixth week, and sixth month follow-up via telephone interview or online questionnaire survey. The primary outcome measure is stroke risk awareness, including the domains of knowledge, perception, and intention to change. The secondary outcome measure is stroke risk probability within 5 and 10 years adjusted to each participant's socio-demographic and/or socio-economic status. An intention-to-treat approach will be used to evaluate these measures. Pearson's χ2 or independent t test will be used to examine differences between the intervention and control groups. The generalized estimating equation and the linear mixed-effects model will be employed to test the overall effectiveness of the intervention.
CONCLUSION: This study will evaluate the effect of Stroke Riskometer™ app on stroke awareness and stroke probability and briefly evaluate participant engagement to a pre-specified trial protocol. The findings from this will inform physicians and public health professionals of the benefit of mobile technology intervention and encourage more active mobile phone-based disease prevention apps.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04529681.
Impact of COVID-19 on psychological distress among SME owners in Ghana: Partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach

Uzir MUH, Bukari Z, Jerin I, Hasan N, Abdul Hamid AB, Thurasamy Ramayah

J Community Psychol, 2021 Sep 29.
PMID: 34590326 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22716

A critical part of the national economy is small and medium enterprises (SMEs). SME owners are vital contributors to the overall economy. Due to their limited capital and assets, they are more vulnerable. In comparison to their contribution, the value of assessing SME owner's depression, anxiety, and mental stress has been very minimal during the COVID-19 outbreak. Firms were forced to close due to lockdown, and they faced substantial business losses. Thus, this study aims to investigate SME owners' psychological distress due to business losses during this pandemic. The study used psychological parameters: Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) to examine SME owners' psychological distress. A total number of 217 owners were surveyed through a judgmental sampling technique using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed employing partial least square-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings showed that DASS-21 parameters and fear of business loss affected psychological distress. Besides, fear of business loss increases psychological distress, whereas government support lessens the distress. Theoretically, this study extended the scope of DASS-21 scale and contributed to the literature of psychology. In terms of policy implications, this study provides useful information for government, policymakers, and SME owners about the effects mentioned above.
Fulltext Amperometric Non-Enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on Aligned Zinc Oxide Nanorods

Al-Hardan NH, Abdul Hamid MA, Shamsudin R, Othman NK, Kar Keng L

Sensors (Basel), 2016 Jun 29;16(7).
PMID: 27367693 DOI: 10.3390/s16071004

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) have been synthesized via the hydrothermal process. The NRs were grown over a conductive glass substrate. A non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), based on the prepared ZnO NRs, was examined through the use of current-voltage measurements. The measured currents, as a function of H₂O₂ concentrations ranging from 10 μM to 700 μM, revealed two distinct behaviours and good performance, with a lower detection limit (LOD) of 42 μM for the low range of H₂O₂ concentrations (first region), and a LOD of 143.5 μM for the higher range of H₂O₂ concentrations (second region). The prepared ZnO NRs show excellent electrocatalytic activity. This enables a measurable and stable output current. The results were correlated with the oxidation process of the H₂O₂ and revealed a good performance for the ZnO NR non-enzymatic H₂O₂ sensor.
The Efficacy of Immediate Implant Placement in Extraction Sockets for Alveolar Bone Preservation: A Clinical Evaluation Using Three-Dimensional Cone Beam Computerized Tomography and Resonance Frequency Analysis Value

Qabbani AA, Razak NHA, Kawas SA, Sheikh Abdul Hamid S, Wahbi S, Samsudin AR

J Craniofac Surg, 2017 Jun;28(4):e318-e325.
PMID: 28230596 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000003569

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of immediate implant placement with alveolar bone augmentation on socket preservation following atraumatic tooth extraction and comparing it with a tooth alveolar socket that was allowed to heal in a conventional way.Twenty medically fit patients (8 males and 12 females aged between 18 and 40 years) who needed noncomplicated tooth extraction of mandibular premolar teeth were divided randomly and equally into 2 groups. In Group I, the empty extraction socket was left untreated and allowed to heal in a conventional way. In Group II, the immediate implant was placed and the gap between the implant and the inner buccal plate surface of the socket wall was filled with lyophilized bovine bone granules and the wound was covered with pericardium membrane. The patients were followed up clinically and radiologically for regular reviews at 1 week, 3 months, and 9 months postoperative. Cone beam computerized tomography images of the alveolar ridge and socket were analyzed to determine the structural changes of the alveolar ridge. Resonance frequency analysis was measured at 9 months for Group II to assess the degree of secondary stability of the implants by using Osstell machine.A significant difference of bone resorption of 1.49 mm (confidence interval, CI 95%, 0.63-2.35) was observed within the control group at 3 months, and 1.84 mm (P ≤ 0.05) at 9 months intervals. No significant changes of bone resorption were observed in Group II. Comparison between groups showed a highly significant difference at 3 months; 2.56 mm (CI 95% 4.22-0.90) and at 9 months intervals; 3.2 mm (CI 95%, 4.70-1.62) P ≤ 0.001 between Group I and II. High resonance frequency analysis values were observed at 9 months postoperative in Group II.In conclusion, the insertion of immediate implants in fresh extraction sockets together with grafting the circumferential gap between the bony socket wall and the implant surface with bovine bone granules was able to preserve a greater amount of alveolar ridge volume when compared with an extraction socket that was left to heal in a conventional way.
Flower extract of Allium atroviolaceum triggered apoptosis, activated caspase-3 and down-regulated antiapoptotic Bcl-2 gene in HeLa cancer cell line

Khazaei S, Ramachandran V, Abdul Hamid R, Mohd Esa N, Etemad A, Moradipoor S, et al.

Biomed Pharmacother, 2017 May;89:1216-1226.
PMID: 28320088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.082

Cervical cancer accounts for the second most frequent cancer and also third leading cause of cancer mortality (15%) among women worldwide. The major problems of chemotherapeutic treatment in cervical cancer are non-specific cytotoxicity and drug resistance. Plant-derived products, known as natural therapies, have been used for thousands of years in cancer treatment with a very low number of side effects. Allium atroviolaceum is a species in the genus Allium and Liliaceae family, which could prove to have beneficial effects on cancer treatment, although there is a lack of corresponding attention. The methanolic extract from the A.atroviolaceum flower displayed marked anticancer activity on HeLa human cervix carcinoma cells with much lower cytotoxic effects on normal cells (3T3). The A.atroviolaceum extract induced apoptosis, confirmed by cell cycle arrest at the sub-G0 (apoptosis) phase, characteristic morphological changes, evident DNA fragmentation, observed by fluorescent microscope, and early and late apoptosis detection by Annexin V. Furthermore, down-regulation of Bcl-2 and activation of caspase-9 and -3 strongly indicated that the mitochondrial pathway was involved in the apoptosis signal pathway. Moreover, combination of A.atroviolaceum extract with doxorubicin revealed a significant reduction of IC50and led to a synergistic effect. In summary, A.atroviolaceum displayed a significant anti-tumour effect through apoptosis induction in HeLa cells, suggesting that the A.atroviolaceum flower might have therapeutic potential against cervix carcinoma.
Fulltext Metabolite characterization of different palm date varieties and the correlation with their NO inhibitory activity, texture and sweetness

Abdul-Hamid NA, Mediani A, Maulidiani M, Shadid K, Ismail IS, Abas F, et al.

J Food Sci Technol, 2018 Apr;55(4):1541-1551.
PMID: 29606769 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3073-6

The aim of this study was to examine the variation in metabolite constituents of five commercial varieties of date fruits; Ajwa, Safawi and Ambar which originated from Madinah, the Iranian Bam and Tunisian Deglet Noor. The differences of metabolome were investigated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis (MVDA). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed clear separation between the date varieties. The Tunisian Deglet Noor demonstrated distinct cluster from the rest of the palm date samples based on the metabolite composition as shown by the pattern observed in Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) and PCA. Deglet Noor exhibited a significant higher level of sucrose (δ 5.40) and fructose (δ 4.16) in comparison with the other four varieties which can be associated with the distinctive sweet taste of this variety. Dates originated from Madinah and Tunisia exhibited a contrast manner in the amount of xylose and moisture content. These two aspects may contribute towards the soft texture of Tunisian dates. All Madinah dates were found to contain phenolic compounds which were well established as great antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Ajwa dates exerted greater effect in inhibiting the generation of nitric oxide (NO) from the stimulated RAW264.7 cells at 95.37% inhibition. Succinic acid was suggested to have the most significant correlation with the trend of NO inhibitory shown by the selected date palm varieties.
High angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Alcalase-digested green soybean (Glycine max) hydrolysates

Hanafi MA, Hashim SN, Chay SY, Ebrahimpour A, Zarei M, Muhammad K, et al.

Food Res Int, 2018 04;106:589-597.
PMID: 29579964 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.030

As a protein-rich, underutilized crop, green soybean could be exploited to produce hydrolysates containing angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides. Defatted green soybean was hydrolyzed using four different food-grade proteases (Alcalase, Papain, Flavourzyme and Bromelain) and their ACE inhibitory activities were evaluated. The Alcalase-generated green soybean hydrolysate showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC50: 0.14 mg/mL at 6 h hydrolysis time) followed by Papain (IC50: 0.20 mg/mL at 5 h hydrolysis time), Bromelain (IC50: 0.36 mg/mL at 6 h hydrolysis time) and Flavourzyme (IC50: 1.14 mg/mL at 6 h hydrolysis time) hydrolysates. The Alcalase-generated hydrolysate was profiled based on its hydrophobicity and isoelectric point using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and isoelectric point focusing (IEF) fractionators. The Alcalase-generated green soybean hydrolysate comprising of peptides EAQRLLF, PSLRSYLAE, PDRSIHGRQLAE, FITAFR and RGQVLS, revealed the highest ACE inhibitory activity of 94.19%, 99.31%, 92.92%, 101.51% and 90.40%, respectively, while their IC50 values were 878 μM, 532 μM, 1552 μM, 1342 μM and 993 μM, respectively. It can be concluded that Alcalase-digested green soybean hydrolysates could be exploited as a source of peptides to be incorporated into functional foods with antihypertensive activity.
Characterization of metabolites in different kiwifruit varieties by NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy

Abdul Hamid NA, Mediani A, Maulidiani M, Abas F, Park YS, Leontowicz H, et al.

J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2017 May 10;138:80-91.
PMID: 28189049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.046

It is known from our previous studies that kiwifruits, which are used in common human diet, have preventive properties of coronary artery disease. This study describes a combination of (1)H NMR spectroscopy, multivariate data analyses and fluorescence measurements in differentiating of some kiwifruit varieties, their quenching and antioxidant properties. A total of 41 metabolites were identified by comparing with literature data Chenomx database and 2D NMR. The binding properties of the extracted polyphenols against HSA showed higher reactivity of studied two cultivars in comparison with the common Hayward. The results showed that the fluorescence of HSA was quenched by Bidan as much as twice than by other fruits. The correlation between the binding properties of polyphenols in the investigated fruits, their relative quantification and suggested metabolic pathway was established. These results can provide possible application of fruit extracts in pharmaceutical industry.
Discrimination and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity Correlation of Ajwa Dates from Different Grades and Origin

Abdul-Hamid NA, Mediani A, Maulidiani M, Abas F, Ismail IS, Shaari K, et al.

Molecules, 2016 Oct 28;21(11).
PMID: 27801841

This study was aimed at examining the variations in the metabolite constituents of the different Ajwa grades and farm origins. It is also targeted at establishing the correlations between the metabolite contents and the grades and further to the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity. Identification of the metabolites was generated using ¹H-NMR spectroscopy metabolomics analyses utilizing multivariate methods. The NO inhibitory activity was determined using a Griess assay. Multivariate data analysis, for both supervised and unsupervised approaches, showed clusters among different grades of Ajwa dates obtained from different farms. The compounds that contribute towards the observed separation between Ajwa samples were suggested to be phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and phenylalanine. Ajwa dates were shown to have different metabolite compositions and exhibited a wide range of NO inhibitory activity. It is also revealed that Ajwa Grade 1 from the al-Aliah farm exhibited more than 90% NO inhibitory activity compared to the other grades and origins. Phenolic compounds were among the compounds that played a role towards the greater capacity of NO inhibitory activity shown by Ajwa Grade 1 from the al-Aliah farm.

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